Klasifikasi, Kodifikasi Penyakit 2 Pertemuan 8
... Suicidal overdoses with the painkilling drug acetaminophen causes severe liver damage, which may not be obvious until up to two days after the overdose. Some medications, even in normal doses, can cause acute or chronic hepatitis by a direct toxic effect or through drug allergy. Poisoning by certain ...
... Suicidal overdoses with the painkilling drug acetaminophen causes severe liver damage, which may not be obvious until up to two days after the overdose. Some medications, even in normal doses, can cause acute or chronic hepatitis by a direct toxic effect or through drug allergy. Poisoning by certain ...
Review The pathogenesis of liver disease in the setting of HIV
... compared with individuals receiving tenofovir either alone or in combination with lamivudine [39]. HBV resistance to tenofovir remains rare as reported from a number of retrospective studies of HIV–HBVcoinfected cohorts (summarized in [40]). A potential unique tenofovir-resistant mutation, rtA194T, ...
... compared with individuals receiving tenofovir either alone or in combination with lamivudine [39]. HBV resistance to tenofovir remains rare as reported from a number of retrospective studies of HIV–HBVcoinfected cohorts (summarized in [40]). A potential unique tenofovir-resistant mutation, rtA194T, ...
Cardio-Vascular Diseases
... occur in any part of the body. • Rapid development of abnormal cells that grow beyond their normal limits • Cancer cells destroy adjacent tissue and spread to other organs (metastases) • Metastases are the main cause of death in cancer ...
... occur in any part of the body. • Rapid development of abnormal cells that grow beyond their normal limits • Cancer cells destroy adjacent tissue and spread to other organs (metastases) • Metastases are the main cause of death in cancer ...
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... vectors will be more conducive to them. Vector populations could move to new geographic locations. Lifespan of mosquitoes decreases with increased temperatures, but maturation of viruses increases with temperature. (Khasnis & Nettleman, 2005) ...
... vectors will be more conducive to them. Vector populations could move to new geographic locations. Lifespan of mosquitoes decreases with increased temperatures, but maturation of viruses increases with temperature. (Khasnis & Nettleman, 2005) ...
Combating Infections
... of deaths in developing countries. • However, these diseases account for only 8% of deaths in rich countries. ...
... of deaths in developing countries. • However, these diseases account for only 8% of deaths in rich countries. ...
Lesson 1.1-PPT - National Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs
... Hepatitis A is a liver disease that develops within 2-6 weeks after exposure. Hepatitis A is usually mild and characterized by jaundice (yellow discoloration of the skin), fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, and fever. It can occasionally be severe, especially in people wit ...
... Hepatitis A is a liver disease that develops within 2-6 weeks after exposure. Hepatitis A is usually mild and characterized by jaundice (yellow discoloration of the skin), fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, and fever. It can occasionally be severe, especially in people wit ...
Key inputs into the model include vector factors, drug characteristics
... The infectiousness of humans (i) is determined in part by the density of and duration for which mature gametocytes are present in circulation, and this can be expressed as the area under the gametocyte time curve. This, in turn, is dependent on the number of preceding asexual parasites, the Gametocy ...
... The infectiousness of humans (i) is determined in part by the density of and duration for which mature gametocytes are present in circulation, and this can be expressed as the area under the gametocyte time curve. This, in turn, is dependent on the number of preceding asexual parasites, the Gametocy ...
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
... disease. FIV is of the same family of viruses as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in people. It is important to remember that FIV is infectious only to cats. Immunodeficiency related to FIV infection occurs most often in free-roaming, male ca ...
... disease. FIV is of the same family of viruses as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in people. It is important to remember that FIV is infectious only to cats. Immunodeficiency related to FIV infection occurs most often in free-roaming, male ca ...
Determination of the 50% Human Infectious Dose for Norwalk Virus
... Background. Noroviruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. An understanding of the infectious dose of these viruses is important for risk assessment studies. Methods. Healthy adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of differen ...
... Background. Noroviruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. An understanding of the infectious dose of these viruses is important for risk assessment studies. Methods. Healthy adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of differen ...
Review The host–pathogen interaction during HBV infection
... Results obtained from patients after infection with HBV are limited by the difficulty in recruiting patients at the earliest pre-symptomatic stages of acute infection. Typically, studies of patients with acute HBV infection recruit donors who are already at the onset of acute symptomatic hepatitis, ...
... Results obtained from patients after infection with HBV are limited by the difficulty in recruiting patients at the earliest pre-symptomatic stages of acute infection. Typically, studies of patients with acute HBV infection recruit donors who are already at the onset of acute symptomatic hepatitis, ...
Reply to Cervantes To the Editor—The letter from
... factors for multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. The results from the study of Chaturvedi et al [2] and, more generally, from other studies on the topic [3–6] show that although multiple HPV infections are often found to be more common than would be expected by chance alone, this excess ...
... factors for multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. The results from the study of Chaturvedi et al [2] and, more generally, from other studies on the topic [3–6] show that although multiple HPV infections are often found to be more common than would be expected by chance alone, this excess ...
Slide 1 - Annals of Internal Medicine
... Cytomegalovirus and the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Women Ann Intern Med. 1999;131(8):573-577. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00004 ...
... Cytomegalovirus and the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Women Ann Intern Med. 1999;131(8):573-577. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00004 ...
Oral Manifestation of Pediatric HIV Infection
... • Skin lesions are common but oral warts are rare (<1%) • Cause: Human papillomavirus (HPV) • Transmission: Direct contact, vertical infection • Predisposing factor: Inflammatory skin disorders • Site: Perioral skin, vermilion, oral and nasal mucosa • S/S: Spiky or flat, papillary or stippled, white ...
... • Skin lesions are common but oral warts are rare (<1%) • Cause: Human papillomavirus (HPV) • Transmission: Direct contact, vertical infection • Predisposing factor: Inflammatory skin disorders • Site: Perioral skin, vermilion, oral and nasal mucosa • S/S: Spiky or flat, papillary or stippled, white ...
Routine Precautions
... Routine Precautions should be used whenever there is a risk of an exposure to any body fluids that could cause infection if they enter non-intact skin or mucous membranes. Routine Precautions are most often used in acute care, long-term care, ambulatory care, medical clinics, and home care settings ...
... Routine Precautions should be used whenever there is a risk of an exposure to any body fluids that could cause infection if they enter non-intact skin or mucous membranes. Routine Precautions are most often used in acute care, long-term care, ambulatory care, medical clinics, and home care settings ...
Dengue Fever - Cal State LA
... • As discussed earlier, petechiae and ecchymoses both refer to the bleeding that occurs in the skin. Petechiae usually refers to small lesions while ecchymoses refers to larger lesions. Ecchymoses are commonly called bruises. • It is noted that Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a specific syndrome that th ...
... • As discussed earlier, petechiae and ecchymoses both refer to the bleeding that occurs in the skin. Petechiae usually refers to small lesions while ecchymoses refers to larger lesions. Ecchymoses are commonly called bruises. • It is noted that Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a specific syndrome that th ...
Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs)
... Transmitted by blood and other body fluids. Most commonly transmitted through: unprotected sex, drug users (needles), and blood (transfusions, etc.) Attacks the immune system, eventually leads to AIDS which is fatal. There is no vaccine and no known cure. HIV can be dormant for many years. The vi ...
... Transmitted by blood and other body fluids. Most commonly transmitted through: unprotected sex, drug users (needles), and blood (transfusions, etc.) Attacks the immune system, eventually leads to AIDS which is fatal. There is no vaccine and no known cure. HIV can be dormant for many years. The vi ...
her special presentation
... • Currently, 16 diseases are named, including measles, mumps, smallpox, TB • Varicella can be spread through the air • In June 2016, a one-year-old baby developed varicella after being exposed to infected patients at a medical facility ...
... • Currently, 16 diseases are named, including measles, mumps, smallpox, TB • Varicella can be spread through the air • In June 2016, a one-year-old baby developed varicella after being exposed to infected patients at a medical facility ...
(HFRS) caused by hantaviruses Puumala and
... most cases with a mild form of HFRS. Various genotypes exist within the species Dobrava-Belgrade virus and they cause diseases of different severity [7]. In addition, hantavirus infection exhibits individual differences ranging from subclinical to fatal outcome. The reasons for the variation of seve ...
... most cases with a mild form of HFRS. Various genotypes exist within the species Dobrava-Belgrade virus and they cause diseases of different severity [7]. In addition, hantavirus infection exhibits individual differences ranging from subclinical to fatal outcome. The reasons for the variation of seve ...
Norovirus - International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene
... Care of infected persons There is no treatment available for norovirus infections, but the symptoms usually only last for 1-3 days. Family members should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration which can easily occur. The young and very old require special care in this respect. As far as possi ...
... Care of infected persons There is no treatment available for norovirus infections, but the symptoms usually only last for 1-3 days. Family members should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration which can easily occur. The young and very old require special care in this respect. As far as possi ...
(Microsoft PowerPoint - 2014_15 Communicable diseases 2
... Incidence - The number of new cases of a specified disease reported during a defined period of time, divided by the number of persons in a stated population in which the cases occurred (usually expressed as cases per 1,000 or 100,000 per annum) Attack rate (case rate) - is a proportion measuring cu ...
... Incidence - The number of new cases of a specified disease reported during a defined period of time, divided by the number of persons in a stated population in which the cases occurred (usually expressed as cases per 1,000 or 100,000 per annum) Attack rate (case rate) - is a proportion measuring cu ...
EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY INFECTION CONTROL POLICY
... Disposable audiometric ear tips and electrodes (e.g., impedance, otoacoustic emissions, insert earphone tips, specula) that are not contaminated will be discarded after patient use into noncontaminated plastic-lined trashcans that are emptied daily. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response electrodes (fla ...
... Disposable audiometric ear tips and electrodes (e.g., impedance, otoacoustic emissions, insert earphone tips, specula) that are not contaminated will be discarded after patient use into noncontaminated plastic-lined trashcans that are emptied daily. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response electrodes (fla ...
COALITION - Communities allied in Infection
... escaping the immune system or a drug, and therefore also cooperate as a community to achieve their aim. Likewise, 'good' microbes, which colonize our skin, our mouth and our intestinal tract and which help us with, for example, the digestion of food or the defence against 'bad' microbes, exist as a ...
... escaping the immune system or a drug, and therefore also cooperate as a community to achieve their aim. Likewise, 'good' microbes, which colonize our skin, our mouth and our intestinal tract and which help us with, for example, the digestion of food or the defence against 'bad' microbes, exist as a ...
Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis A to E:
... is most common carrier in the NE US. They take 3-4 blood feedings in their 2-3 weeks life span. Incidental hosts: Humans and horses can be infected but most people do not become sick. Ordinary human contact will not spread the virus. ...
... is most common carrier in the NE US. They take 3-4 blood feedings in their 2-3 weeks life span. Incidental hosts: Humans and horses can be infected but most people do not become sick. Ordinary human contact will not spread the virus. ...
Prevalent Infections of Laboratory Rats and Mice: Implications for
... maintained in the same barrier protected area without being exposed directly or indirectly to other rodents (a). Out of this unit, a predetermined number of animals has to be investigated for pathogens (b). This sampling size depends on the prevalence of a given agent in a colony of at least 100 ani ...
... maintained in the same barrier protected area without being exposed directly or indirectly to other rodents (a). Out of this unit, a predetermined number of animals has to be investigated for pathogens (b). This sampling size depends on the prevalence of a given agent in a colony of at least 100 ani ...
WHO information sheet - World Health Organization
... and hepatitis B vaccination is difficult because these conditions are rare, have a poorly understood pathogenesis, occur in the absence of hepatitis B vaccination and the onset of symptoms maybe reported weeks to months after vaccination has occurred. Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS) – The pathogenesis ...
... and hepatitis B vaccination is difficult because these conditions are rare, have a poorly understood pathogenesis, occur in the absence of hepatitis B vaccination and the onset of symptoms maybe reported weeks to months after vaccination has occurred. Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS) – The pathogenesis ...
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic infection can lead to scarring of the liver and ultimately to cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after many years. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure, liver cancer, or life-threatening esophageal and gastric varices.HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, and transfusions. An estimated 150–200 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C. The existence of hepatitis C – originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis – was suggested in the 1970s and proven in 1989. Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The virus persists in the liver in about 85% of those infected. This chronic infection can be treated with medication: the standard therapy is a combination of peginterferon and ribavirin, with either boceprevir or telaprevir added in some cases. Overall, 50–80% of people treated are cured. Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant. Hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation. No vaccine against hepatitis C is available. About 343,000 deaths due to liver cancer from hepatitis C occurred in 2013, up from 198,000 in 1990. An additional 358,000 in 2013 occurred due to cirrhosis.