Chapter 17 Human Health and Environmental Risks
... • 2002- Shell pays $5 million to community for development, buys resident houses at fair market price, committed to reducing air emissions by 30% • 2007- pays an addition $6.5 million in penalties to the state for violation of air pollution regulations ...
... • 2002- Shell pays $5 million to community for development, buys resident houses at fair market price, committed to reducing air emissions by 30% • 2007- pays an addition $6.5 million in penalties to the state for violation of air pollution regulations ...
Avian influenza Fact sheet Updated April 2011 Key facts
... to cause sustained transmission from human-to-human, and there is very low, or no, immunity to the virus among most people. In the interconnected world of today, a localized epidemic can transform into a pandemic rapidly, with little time to prepare a public health response to halt the spread of ill ...
... to cause sustained transmission from human-to-human, and there is very low, or no, immunity to the virus among most people. In the interconnected world of today, a localized epidemic can transform into a pandemic rapidly, with little time to prepare a public health response to halt the spread of ill ...
Respiratory System
... membrane) so gases can rapidly diffuse between them. There are approximately 300 million alveoli in each lung for gas exchange with a total surface area of 40-80 meter square. ...
... membrane) so gases can rapidly diffuse between them. There are approximately 300 million alveoli in each lung for gas exchange with a total surface area of 40-80 meter square. ...
Risk factors for infection by T. cruzi.
... Chagas disease affects an estimated 8 million people in Latin America. Infected individuals have 20–30% lifetime risk of developing cardiomyopathy, but more subtle changes in autonomic responses may be more frequent. We conducted a matched casecontrol study of children in Arequipa, Peru, where triat ...
... Chagas disease affects an estimated 8 million people in Latin America. Infected individuals have 20–30% lifetime risk of developing cardiomyopathy, but more subtle changes in autonomic responses may be more frequent. We conducted a matched casecontrol study of children in Arequipa, Peru, where triat ...
STI Overview - HIVAIDSUkraine
... STI infections of woman's reproductive tract), conjunctivitis (eye infection, possible blindness, may be caused by chlamydia), etc. There are more than 20 different types of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Each has a separate test for diagnosis: most often -blood, urine, and/or visual. The ...
... STI infections of woman's reproductive tract), conjunctivitis (eye infection, possible blindness, may be caused by chlamydia), etc. There are more than 20 different types of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Each has a separate test for diagnosis: most often -blood, urine, and/or visual. The ...
Systematic analysis of funding awarded for mycology
... that many fungal pathogens are commonly only found in resource-poor settings, may also contribute to this apparent lack of global health research. The few investments, for example, related to Paracoccidioides are all from over 10 years ago. There are no clear research investments in vaccinology and ...
... that many fungal pathogens are commonly only found in resource-poor settings, may also contribute to this apparent lack of global health research. The few investments, for example, related to Paracoccidioides are all from over 10 years ago. There are no clear research investments in vaccinology and ...
INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS
... because of variation of field strains and the ability of the virus to change. There is little cross protection between serotypes. ...
... because of variation of field strains and the ability of the virus to change. There is little cross protection between serotypes. ...
Attitudes toward mandatory occupational vaccinations and
... ● Approximately one every three HCWs is susceptible to hepatitis B. ● Two thirds of HCWs in primary healthcare centers support mandatory vaccinations for HCWs - acceptance varied significantly by disease. ● There is a need to promote HCWs vaccinations in Greece and reconsider the national vaccinatio ...
... ● Approximately one every three HCWs is susceptible to hepatitis B. ● Two thirds of HCWs in primary healthcare centers support mandatory vaccinations for HCWs - acceptance varied significantly by disease. ● There is a need to promote HCWs vaccinations in Greece and reconsider the national vaccinatio ...
INFECTIOUS DISEASES KILL OVER 17 BILLION PEOPLE A YEAR
... diseases are the world's leading cause of premature death. Of about 52 million deaths from all causes in 1995, more than 17 million were due to infectious diseases, including about 9 million deaths in young children. Upto half the world's population of 5.72 billion are at risk of many endemic diseas ...
... diseases are the world's leading cause of premature death. Of about 52 million deaths from all causes in 1995, more than 17 million were due to infectious diseases, including about 9 million deaths in young children. Upto half the world's population of 5.72 billion are at risk of many endemic diseas ...
Bridging the Gap: Linking animal and human medicine through
... animal wellbeing as an end in itself, whether to companion animals or livestock. But increasingly we learn that our relationship with them is more complex than the moral obligation we feel today or the working relationship we have had for millennia. Their importance to humans extends to the fundamen ...
... animal wellbeing as an end in itself, whether to companion animals or livestock. But increasingly we learn that our relationship with them is more complex than the moral obligation we feel today or the working relationship we have had for millennia. Their importance to humans extends to the fundamen ...
Vectorborne diseases in West Africa: geographic
... Atlas Project (MAP) was born with the objective of gathering worldwide parasite prevalence data and making them freely available on the internet (http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/).14 ...
... Atlas Project (MAP) was born with the objective of gathering worldwide parasite prevalence data and making them freely available on the internet (http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/).14 ...
Principles of Industrial Hygiene
... Bacterial Agents • Single cell microscopic organisms typically with diameter 0.5 - 1.0 um • Capable of causing disease by infection and/or producing toxins • Spore forms often very stable in environment ...
... Bacterial Agents • Single cell microscopic organisms typically with diameter 0.5 - 1.0 um • Capable of causing disease by infection and/or producing toxins • Spore forms often very stable in environment ...
The A,B,Cs of Hepatitis
... have injected drugs in the past, even if once or many years ago • Recipients of clotting factor concentrates before 1987 • Recipients of blood transfusions or donated organs before July 1992 • Long-term hemodialysis patients • Persons with known exposures to HCV (e.g., healthcare workers after n ...
... have injected drugs in the past, even if once or many years ago • Recipients of clotting factor concentrates before 1987 • Recipients of blood transfusions or donated organs before July 1992 • Long-term hemodialysis patients • Persons with known exposures to HCV (e.g., healthcare workers after n ...
Infection Control Quiz #1 Your client is a 40 year old man who has
... Infection Control Quiz #1 1. Your client is a 40 year old man who has worked in a blood bank for 15 years and frequently works without gloves. He is scheduled for a 6 month prophylaxis. As you are seating the client, he mentions he is just recovering from influenza. You now notice his eyes are somew ...
... Infection Control Quiz #1 1. Your client is a 40 year old man who has worked in a blood bank for 15 years and frequently works without gloves. He is scheduled for a 6 month prophylaxis. As you are seating the client, he mentions he is just recovering from influenza. You now notice his eyes are somew ...
Diseases Communicable From Animals to Humans
... Humans usually are not susceptible to infectious diseases suffered by animals. However, there are some important exceptions. Infections of animals may, on some occasions, produce significant disease in people. These infections are called zoonotic diseases. They are communicated from animals to human ...
... Humans usually are not susceptible to infectious diseases suffered by animals. However, there are some important exceptions. Infections of animals may, on some occasions, produce significant disease in people. These infections are called zoonotic diseases. They are communicated from animals to human ...
Endemic zoonoses in the tropics: a public health
... malaria) (Mallewa and others 2007). More specific symptoms may occur with some zoonotic diseases, but these lack sensitivity or specificity, so cannot be relied upon for a clinical diagnosis. For example, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly are often reported in cases of human brucellosis (World Health Or ...
... malaria) (Mallewa and others 2007). More specific symptoms may occur with some zoonotic diseases, but these lack sensitivity or specificity, so cannot be relied upon for a clinical diagnosis. For example, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly are often reported in cases of human brucellosis (World Health Or ...
Field Epidemiology helps
... causes of disease in populations • Field Epidemiology skills will help understand the causes of disease at the population level, and this will help explain why diseases are occurring AUSTRALIA INDONESIA PARTNERSHIP FOR EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES ...
... causes of disease in populations • Field Epidemiology skills will help understand the causes of disease at the population level, and this will help explain why diseases are occurring AUSTRALIA INDONESIA PARTNERSHIP FOR EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES ...
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... members born prior to January 1, 1957, need not provide evidence of immunity to measles; these individuals are considered naturally immune. A “susceptible” staff member may be exempt from the requirements for immunization by filing a written objection to such immunization on the basis of religious o ...
... members born prior to January 1, 1957, need not provide evidence of immunity to measles; these individuals are considered naturally immune. A “susceptible” staff member may be exempt from the requirements for immunization by filing a written objection to such immunization on the basis of religious o ...
Study Guide 4
... Symptoms and causative agent (microbe that causes a disease) for the following: Chlamydia, syphilis, Gonorrhea Human papilloma virus, the diseases it can cause, it’s transmission and vaccine HIV: The kind of virus HIV is The 3 major enzymatic activities of reverse polymerase The molecular mechanism ...
... Symptoms and causative agent (microbe that causes a disease) for the following: Chlamydia, syphilis, Gonorrhea Human papilloma virus, the diseases it can cause, it’s transmission and vaccine HIV: The kind of virus HIV is The 3 major enzymatic activities of reverse polymerase The molecular mechanism ...
Listeriosis
... Listeria monocytogenes (MONO-cyTAH-gin-ees). The disease occurs worldwide but is diagnosed more often in humans in urban areas in developed countries. Few people get listeriosis, but it is an important disease because of its high death rate due to brain inflammation and blood infection. ...
... Listeria monocytogenes (MONO-cyTAH-gin-ees). The disease occurs worldwide but is diagnosed more often in humans in urban areas in developed countries. Few people get listeriosis, but it is an important disease because of its high death rate due to brain inflammation and blood infection. ...
Management of viral infections in immunocompromised cancer
... leukaemia, CMV pneumonia was reported to occur in 2.9% of patients with a case-fatality rate of 57% [4]. CMV pneumonia after SCT is a serious condition which, with the best presently available therapy, is associated with a mortality rate of 45– 78% [3, 22]. Thus, major emphasis must be placed on the ...
... leukaemia, CMV pneumonia was reported to occur in 2.9% of patients with a case-fatality rate of 57% [4]. CMV pneumonia after SCT is a serious condition which, with the best presently available therapy, is associated with a mortality rate of 45– 78% [3, 22]. Thus, major emphasis must be placed on the ...
Document
... parasite reaches maturity and sexually reproduces within. • A secondary host or intermediate host is a host that harbors the parasite only for a short transition period, usually allowing for the completion of a developmental stage. • A reservoir host is a host in which the parasite can live in indef ...
... parasite reaches maturity and sexually reproduces within. • A secondary host or intermediate host is a host that harbors the parasite only for a short transition period, usually allowing for the completion of a developmental stage. • A reservoir host is a host in which the parasite can live in indef ...
Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
... on leakage onto the cornea from the injection site. This technique has no advantage over systemic injection except the much lower cost because of the smaller antibiotic dose. When subconjunctival or topical treatment is not practical then single dose long acting oxytetracycline, florfenicol, tilmico ...
... on leakage onto the cornea from the injection site. This technique has no advantage over systemic injection except the much lower cost because of the smaller antibiotic dose. When subconjunctival or topical treatment is not practical then single dose long acting oxytetracycline, florfenicol, tilmico ...
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains. This begins one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping. Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the fluid of a lymph node. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur. Treatment of the first stage is with the medications pentamidine or suramin. Treatment of the second stage involves: eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine for T.b.g. While melarsoprol works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990. An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.