Influenza burden of illness, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
... relief the role of antivirals. They may be useful when there is a vaccine shortage during an inter-pandemic period and are likely to be of use in the first wave of a pandemic to contain spread from initial cases, and to protect healthcare workers when vaccine is either unavailable or in extremely sh ...
... relief the role of antivirals. They may be useful when there is a vaccine shortage during an inter-pandemic period and are likely to be of use in the first wave of a pandemic to contain spread from initial cases, and to protect healthcare workers when vaccine is either unavailable or in extremely sh ...
Syphilis - MedTorrents
... The chancre is characterized by a cutaneuos ulcer or erosion, is acquired by direct contact with an infectious lesion of the skin or the moist surface of the mouth, anus, or vagina. Chancres are usually solitary, but multiple lesions are not uncommon. Extragenital chancres account for 6% to 7% of al ...
... The chancre is characterized by a cutaneuos ulcer or erosion, is acquired by direct contact with an infectious lesion of the skin or the moist surface of the mouth, anus, or vagina. Chancres are usually solitary, but multiple lesions are not uncommon. Extragenital chancres account for 6% to 7% of al ...
Epidemiology of sarcoidosis
... community [1]. First, descriptions of sarcoidosis differ widely among various populations in the world and are usually based on data from different studies without standardisation of the diagnostic criteria [2]. Secondly, the clinical presentation of sarcoidosis is highly variable. Involvement of th ...
... community [1]. First, descriptions of sarcoidosis differ widely among various populations in the world and are usually based on data from different studies without standardisation of the diagnostic criteria [2]. Secondly, the clinical presentation of sarcoidosis is highly variable. Involvement of th ...
Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei
... Vietnam from 1925 and Indonesia from 1929.3-5 Thailand has reported the largest number of cases,6-8 with an estimated 2000 to 3000 cases of melioidosis each year.9 Melioidosis is also common in Malaysia10 and Singapore.11,12 Other countries in the region where melioidosis is recognized in humans and ...
... Vietnam from 1925 and Indonesia from 1929.3-5 Thailand has reported the largest number of cases,6-8 with an estimated 2000 to 3000 cases of melioidosis each year.9 Melioidosis is also common in Malaysia10 and Singapore.11,12 Other countries in the region where melioidosis is recognized in humans and ...
HBV Training Workshop
... • Sexual exposure: ▫ Sexual contacts of HBV positive persons ▫ People who are sexually active with more than one sexual partner w/i the last 6 months ▫ People seeking STD services ▫ Men who have sex with men ...
... • Sexual exposure: ▫ Sexual contacts of HBV positive persons ▫ People who are sexually active with more than one sexual partner w/i the last 6 months ▫ People seeking STD services ▫ Men who have sex with men ...
Communicable Diseases
... Communicable diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi and parasites, make a huge contribution to the burden of disease, disability and death in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. The emergence of HIV/AIDS as a global pandemic, the resurgence of tuberculosis co-infection wit ...
... Communicable diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi and parasites, make a huge contribution to the burden of disease, disability and death in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. The emergence of HIV/AIDS as a global pandemic, the resurgence of tuberculosis co-infection wit ...
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious
... Thyroid tumors are not commonly reported spontaneous lesions. In mice, follicular cysts, or follicular hyperplasia and tumors are more common than interstitial cell (C cell) proliferative lesions. Hypothyroidism and proliferative changes can be induced by treatment with the antibiotic trimethoprim-s ...
... Thyroid tumors are not commonly reported spontaneous lesions. In mice, follicular cysts, or follicular hyperplasia and tumors are more common than interstitial cell (C cell) proliferative lesions. Hypothyroidism and proliferative changes can be induced by treatment with the antibiotic trimethoprim-s ...
Disease Containment Implementation Branch
... POD Playbooks have been developed for each of the identified sites that entail setup, operations and takedown instructions. PODs will remain open until the overall prophylaxis needs have been met. It is built into POD plans to have epidemiology and surveillance teams available on site if contact tr ...
... POD Playbooks have been developed for each of the identified sites that entail setup, operations and takedown instructions. PODs will remain open until the overall prophylaxis needs have been met. It is built into POD plans to have epidemiology and surveillance teams available on site if contact tr ...
The Emerging Amphibian Fungal Disease, Chytridiomycosis: A Key
... was recently listed as a globally notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health, but few countries, if any, have formally adopted recommended measures to control its spread. Wildlife diseases continue to emerge as a consequence of globalization, and greater effort is urgently needed t ...
... was recently listed as a globally notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health, but few countries, if any, have formally adopted recommended measures to control its spread. Wildlife diseases continue to emerge as a consequence of globalization, and greater effort is urgently needed t ...
Full text in pdf format
... PCR assay prior to challenge experiments. After collection, the PL were washed with sterile freshwater to remove food and other materials adhering to the body. The washed PL were maintained in glass aquaria (25 l) containing aerated freshwater at a temperature of 27 to 30°C and fed with Artemia naup ...
... PCR assay prior to challenge experiments. After collection, the PL were washed with sterile freshwater to remove food and other materials adhering to the body. The washed PL were maintained in glass aquaria (25 l) containing aerated freshwater at a temperature of 27 to 30°C and fed with Artemia naup ...
Rotavirus vaccines for Australian children
... with such conditions. Providers should consider the potential risks and benefits of administering rotavirus vaccine to such infants.18,27,28 While rotavirus vaccination is not recommended for infants who are severely immunocompromised, the risk for infants with less severe immunocompromising conditi ...
... with such conditions. Providers should consider the potential risks and benefits of administering rotavirus vaccine to such infants.18,27,28 While rotavirus vaccination is not recommended for infants who are severely immunocompromised, the risk for infants with less severe immunocompromising conditi ...
The Reemergence of Measles - University Of Wisconsin
... of a confirmed outbreak has a low positive predictive value, and clinical signs enumerated above are unreliable as the sole criteria for diagnosis [3]. A number of other infections such as roseola, rubella, rickettsial disease (Rocky Mountain spotted fever), and dengue fever can present with a rash ...
... of a confirmed outbreak has a low positive predictive value, and clinical signs enumerated above are unreliable as the sole criteria for diagnosis [3]. A number of other infections such as roseola, rubella, rickettsial disease (Rocky Mountain spotted fever), and dengue fever can present with a rash ...
Transmission of Varicella Zoster Virus From Individuals With Herpes
... Since 1995, both varicella and HZ have been reportable in Philadelphia. PDPH has conducted active surveillance for these conditions in West Philadelphia, where approximately one-fifth of the city’s 1.4 million residents reside, and passive surveillance for both in the remainder of the city. Active s ...
... Since 1995, both varicella and HZ have been reportable in Philadelphia. PDPH has conducted active surveillance for these conditions in West Philadelphia, where approximately one-fifth of the city’s 1.4 million residents reside, and passive surveillance for both in the remainder of the city. Active s ...
Syphilis: using modern approaches to understand an old disease
... using treponemal serologic tests. Rapid point-of-care tests (58), EIAs (59), and CIAs (60, 61) have been developed that detect antitreponemal IgM and IgG antibodies, usually to recombinant T. pallidum proteins. The EIA/CIA tests can be automated, which has led some large laboratories in the United S ...
... using treponemal serologic tests. Rapid point-of-care tests (58), EIAs (59), and CIAs (60, 61) have been developed that detect antitreponemal IgM and IgG antibodies, usually to recombinant T. pallidum proteins. The EIA/CIA tests can be automated, which has led some large laboratories in the United S ...
Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diseases
... Recent research indicates that procalcitonin levels of > 0.25 μg/L are associated with bacterial infections, while lower levels are unlikely to be found if bacterial infection is present. COUGH is the presenting symptom in 6% of new episodes of illness in the UK and is responsible for 0.1% of ambula ...
... Recent research indicates that procalcitonin levels of > 0.25 μg/L are associated with bacterial infections, while lower levels are unlikely to be found if bacterial infection is present. COUGH is the presenting symptom in 6% of new episodes of illness in the UK and is responsible for 0.1% of ambula ...
infectious disease
... conditions, particularly in areas where practice has changed in recent years. As a result of the recent blueprint review by ABIM diplomates, future MOC exams will place less emphasis on rare conditions and focus more on situations in which physician intervention can have important consequences for p ...
... conditions, particularly in areas where practice has changed in recent years. As a result of the recent blueprint review by ABIM diplomates, future MOC exams will place less emphasis on rare conditions and focus more on situations in which physician intervention can have important consequences for p ...
HBV Training Workshop
... • Sexual exposure: ▫ Sexual contacts of HBV positive persons ▫ People who are sexually active with more than one sexual partner w/i the last 6 months ▫ People seeking STD services ▫ Men who have sex with men ...
... • Sexual exposure: ▫ Sexual contacts of HBV positive persons ▫ People who are sexually active with more than one sexual partner w/i the last 6 months ▫ People seeking STD services ▫ Men who have sex with men ...
Epidemiology and Public Health Significance of Rabies
... of the bite site), fever which at this time may be moderate and usually disappears as symptoms progress. This stage lasts a few hours to 36 hours. The animals then go into either furious or dumb rabies stages or may just drop dead 39. The furious stage is characterized by an increase in aggressivene ...
... of the bite site), fever which at this time may be moderate and usually disappears as symptoms progress. This stage lasts a few hours to 36 hours. The animals then go into either furious or dumb rabies stages or may just drop dead 39. The furious stage is characterized by an increase in aggressivene ...
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions
... Thyroid tumors are not commonly reported spontaneous lesions. In mice, follicular cysts, or follicular hyperplasia and tumors are more common than interstitial cell (C cell) proliferative lesions. Hypothyroidism and proliferative changes can be induced by treatment with the antibiotic trimethoprim-s ...
... Thyroid tumors are not commonly reported spontaneous lesions. In mice, follicular cysts, or follicular hyperplasia and tumors are more common than interstitial cell (C cell) proliferative lesions. Hypothyroidism and proliferative changes can be induced by treatment with the antibiotic trimethoprim-s ...
HPSC annual report 2010 - Health Protection Surveillance Centre
... disease. other European countries but the recently launched HSE initiative on reducing unnecessary antibiotic usage An outbreak of S. Typhimurium in 2010, associated should improve our ranking in Europe. with consumption of duck eggs, prompted excellent collaboration between the Department of Agricu ...
... disease. other European countries but the recently launched HSE initiative on reducing unnecessary antibiotic usage An outbreak of S. Typhimurium in 2010, associated should improve our ranking in Europe. with consumption of duck eggs, prompted excellent collaboration between the Department of Agricu ...
Toxoplasma gondii in wild boars and domestic pigs in Sweden
... Since the discovery of T. gondii, the presence of infectious tissue cysts has been demonstrated in a great variety of intermediate hosts (including humans), which is why it is believed that T. gondii is able to infect all warm-blooded animals (reviewed by Hill et al. in 2005). The life cycle of T. g ...
... Since the discovery of T. gondii, the presence of infectious tissue cysts has been demonstrated in a great variety of intermediate hosts (including humans), which is why it is believed that T. gondii is able to infect all warm-blooded animals (reviewed by Hill et al. in 2005). The life cycle of T. g ...
Guidelines on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Infective
... not a substitute for textbooks. The term ‘bacterial endocarditis’ has been replaced by ‘infective endocarditis’ (IE) since fungi are also involved as causative pathogens. If untreated, IE is a fatal disease. Major diagnostic (first of all echocardiography) and therapeutic progress (mainly surgery du ...
... not a substitute for textbooks. The term ‘bacterial endocarditis’ has been replaced by ‘infective endocarditis’ (IE) since fungi are also involved as causative pathogens. If untreated, IE is a fatal disease. Major diagnostic (first of all echocardiography) and therapeutic progress (mainly surgery du ...
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE THREATS in the United States, 2013
... Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem. New forms of antibiotic resistance can cross international boundaries and spread between continents with ease. Many forms of resistance spread with remarkable speed. World health leaders have described antibioticresistant microorganisms as “nightmare bac ...
... Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem. New forms of antibiotic resistance can cross international boundaries and spread between continents with ease. Many forms of resistance spread with remarkable speed. World health leaders have described antibioticresistant microorganisms as “nightmare bac ...
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains. This begins one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping. Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the fluid of a lymph node. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur. Treatment of the first stage is with the medications pentamidine or suramin. Treatment of the second stage involves: eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine for T.b.g. While melarsoprol works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990. An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.