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Endemic equine viral disease down under 1
Endemic equine viral disease down under 1

... the grey-headed flying fox (P. poliocephalus) from western Australia to Victoria and South Australia. ...
Health Trends of Communicable Diseases
Health Trends of Communicable Diseases

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... Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) An acute viral disease of cattle, deer, bison and buffalo characterized by inflammation of mucous membranes of the nose, eyes, corneal opacity, profuse nasal discharge and enlargement of lymph nodes. MCF is divided into peracute, intestinal, head-eye and mild forms ac ...
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... Associated with ANCA in three-fourths of all cases, usually anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies (MPO-ANCA) that cause a P-ANCA pattern on immuno-flourescence testing. ANCA directedf againsts proteinae-3 (PR3ANCA) can also be observed in microscopic polyangiitis ...
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African trypanosomiasis



African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains. This begins one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping. Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the fluid of a lymph node. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur. Treatment of the first stage is with the medications pentamidine or suramin. Treatment of the second stage involves: eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine for T.b.g. While melarsoprol works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990. An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.
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