Development of Vaccine and Diagnostics for Prevention and Control
... through alarm signals and then later participate in the effector phase which is called as “stress signals.” This will be nonspecific immune response nothing but innate immune response. Keratinocyte, epithelial cell, hepatocyte, glial cells and fibroblasts, are also involved in innate immunity. In re ...
... through alarm signals and then later participate in the effector phase which is called as “stress signals.” This will be nonspecific immune response nothing but innate immune response. Keratinocyte, epithelial cell, hepatocyte, glial cells and fibroblasts, are also involved in innate immunity. In re ...
Immunisation against whooping cough during pregnancy
... Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly infectious bacterial infection spread by coughing and sneezing. It causes severe bouts of coughing, which may be accompanied by vomiting and a whooping sound. Whooping cough can last up to three months and is sometimes referred to as the ‘100 day ...
... Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly infectious bacterial infection spread by coughing and sneezing. It causes severe bouts of coughing, which may be accompanied by vomiting and a whooping sound. Whooping cough can last up to three months and is sometimes referred to as the ‘100 day ...
How to Manage Parents Unsure About Immunization
... to the questions raised: 1. Patient: “Before vaccines were introduced, these diseases already had begun to disappear because of better hygiene and sanitation.” Physician: “The recent success with H. Flu type b-conjugate vaccines have virtually eliminated meningitis due to this pathogen at a time whe ...
... to the questions raised: 1. Patient: “Before vaccines were introduced, these diseases already had begun to disappear because of better hygiene and sanitation.” Physician: “The recent success with H. Flu type b-conjugate vaccines have virtually eliminated meningitis due to this pathogen at a time whe ...
Tetanus Factsheet
... Adults who have sustained tetanus prone wounds (e.g. open fractures, bite wounds, deep penetrating wounds, contaminated wounds or burns) should disinfect the wound and seek medical attention and receive a boosting dose of tetanus vaccine if more than 5 years have elapsed since their last dose. See I ...
... Adults who have sustained tetanus prone wounds (e.g. open fractures, bite wounds, deep penetrating wounds, contaminated wounds or burns) should disinfect the wound and seek medical attention and receive a boosting dose of tetanus vaccine if more than 5 years have elapsed since their last dose. See I ...
16. Typhoid/Paratyphoid - Health Protection Surveillance Centre
... typically one to three weeks (range 3‐60 days). The incubation period is dependent on the size of the inoculums. The incubation for paratyphoid is 1‐10 days. ...
... typically one to three weeks (range 3‐60 days). The incubation period is dependent on the size of the inoculums. The incubation for paratyphoid is 1‐10 days. ...
Bugs, Drugs, and Thugs
... It was almost 100 years after the world's first vaccine for humans (Jenner's smallpox vaccine) that Pasteur developed the second--rabies. ...
... It was almost 100 years after the world's first vaccine for humans (Jenner's smallpox vaccine) that Pasteur developed the second--rabies. ...
Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species1.14 MB
... • If untreated the infection usually resolves, but a substantial proportion of these infants develop chlamydial pneumonia about 6 weeks after birth ...
... • If untreated the infection usually resolves, but a substantial proportion of these infants develop chlamydial pneumonia about 6 weeks after birth ...
tortora • funke • case
... Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time. ...
... Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time. ...
Annotated Bibliography
... Keil and Fenwick discusses how the bacteria cause the symptoms of tracheobronchitis. Knowing how the bacteria function and attack the cells of the upper respiratory system aids in understanding the disease. It includes an in-depth look at the vaccines for tracheobronchitis including the different ty ...
... Keil and Fenwick discusses how the bacteria cause the symptoms of tracheobronchitis. Knowing how the bacteria function and attack the cells of the upper respiratory system aids in understanding the disease. It includes an in-depth look at the vaccines for tracheobronchitis including the different ty ...
Mathematical modelling of infectious disease transmission
... to become infected and less likely to infect others. Therefore, vaccines can protect vaccinated and unvaccinated people. • If some people are vaccinated, epidemics may be smaller. • If enough people are vaccinated, epidemics should not spread and there is “herd immunity”. ...
... to become infected and less likely to infect others. Therefore, vaccines can protect vaccinated and unvaccinated people. • If some people are vaccinated, epidemics may be smaller. • If enough people are vaccinated, epidemics should not spread and there is “herd immunity”. ...
Common Infections and Other Causes of Fever in School
... dsRNA virus distinct antigenic groups (A through G) Group A major cause of diarrhea Incubation period 1-3 days Symptomatic treatment ...
... dsRNA virus distinct antigenic groups (A through G) Group A major cause of diarrhea Incubation period 1-3 days Symptomatic treatment ...
Guidance on Infection Control and Sickness
... Treatment is recommended only in cases where live lice have been seen ...
... Treatment is recommended only in cases where live lice have been seen ...
Dynavax Enters Into Supply and Option Agreement for Development
... agreement with Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. for the supply and development, and possible commercialization, of Dynavax's novel Universal Influenza Vaccine in collaboration with Novartis. Under the agreement Novartis will provide Dynavax a supply of trivalent influenza vaccine, an essentia ...
... agreement with Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. for the supply and development, and possible commercialization, of Dynavax's novel Universal Influenza Vaccine in collaboration with Novartis. Under the agreement Novartis will provide Dynavax a supply of trivalent influenza vaccine, an essentia ...
This is what makes Lyme disease so dangerous. There may be
... explaining how Borrelia Burgdorferi (bb), the bacteria that causes Lyme, change its outer membrane from a spirochete, or cork screw to a hook shape or even to a line to evade the immune system. After year of treatment I responded well enough to discontinue medication. Within three months I was worse ...
... explaining how Borrelia Burgdorferi (bb), the bacteria that causes Lyme, change its outer membrane from a spirochete, or cork screw to a hook shape or even to a line to evade the immune system. After year of treatment I responded well enough to discontinue medication. Within three months I was worse ...
HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections Are Still Relevant in - IAS-USA
... treatment for individuals with antigenemia should consist of a relatively high dose of fluconazole, as would be used to treat meningitis, or an alternative such as amphotericin B. World Health Organization recommendations for resourcelimited settings with a high burden of cryptococcal disease are to ...
... treatment for individuals with antigenemia should consist of a relatively high dose of fluconazole, as would be used to treat meningitis, or an alternative such as amphotericin B. World Health Organization recommendations for resourcelimited settings with a high burden of cryptococcal disease are to ...
Chapter 8 - Webcourses
... persons to a noxious influence that is common to the individuals in the group.” ...
... persons to a noxious influence that is common to the individuals in the group.” ...
Immunity and how vaccines work
... Live attenuated vaccines Weakened viruses /bacteria – Achieved by growing numerous generations in laboratory – Produces long lasting immune response after one or two doses – Stimulates immune system to react as it does to natural infection – Can cause mild form of the disease (e.g. mini measles whi ...
... Live attenuated vaccines Weakened viruses /bacteria – Achieved by growing numerous generations in laboratory – Produces long lasting immune response after one or two doses – Stimulates immune system to react as it does to natural infection – Can cause mild form of the disease (e.g. mini measles whi ...
Vaccines for emerging infections
... floodwater Aedes spp. of mosquitoes which serve as the vector of Rift Valley fever virus to animals). International travel can transport infected animals, infected humans and vectors much farther and more quickly (e.g. this may be the explanation for the emergence of West Nile virus [WNV] in North A ...
... floodwater Aedes spp. of mosquitoes which serve as the vector of Rift Valley fever virus to animals). International travel can transport infected animals, infected humans and vectors much farther and more quickly (e.g. this may be the explanation for the emergence of West Nile virus [WNV] in North A ...
Infectious Laryngotrachitis Virus
... virus have been reported to be the five glycoproteins of ILTV. These stimulate both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses (Bagust, et al., 2000; Fenner, et al., 1974; Fuchs, et al., 2007; Hidalgo, 2003). Natural transmission occurs through the upper respiratory and ocular routes after comin ...
... virus have been reported to be the five glycoproteins of ILTV. These stimulate both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses (Bagust, et al., 2000; Fenner, et al., 1974; Fuchs, et al., 2007; Hidalgo, 2003). Natural transmission occurs through the upper respiratory and ocular routes after comin ...
Fever Management - Emergency Department Sickle Cell
... 72/min, RR=12/ min, BP= 104/68 mmHg. The immediate management of this patient should include: a. b. ...
... 72/min, RR=12/ min, BP= 104/68 mmHg. The immediate management of this patient should include: a. b. ...
- LSHTM Research Online
... sophisticated models can explicitly include spatial or contact network structure, so that each individual in the population can be infected only by a constrained set of other individuals. A number of studies have considered extensions of the simple SIR model in which the incidence rate is not biline ...
... sophisticated models can explicitly include spatial or contact network structure, so that each individual in the population can be infected only by a constrained set of other individuals. A number of studies have considered extensions of the simple SIR model in which the incidence rate is not biline ...
Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis
... occur in the so-called sub-Saharan “meningitis belt,” as well as among religious pilgrims traveling to Saudi Arabia for the Hajj. The incidence of neonatal bacterial meningitis is 0.25-1 case per 1000 live births. Approximately 30% of newborns with clinical sepsis have associated bacterial meningiti ...
... occur in the so-called sub-Saharan “meningitis belt,” as well as among religious pilgrims traveling to Saudi Arabia for the Hajj. The incidence of neonatal bacterial meningitis is 0.25-1 case per 1000 live births. Approximately 30% of newborns with clinical sepsis have associated bacterial meningiti ...
Chronic Kidney Disease - The Kidney Foundation of Canada
... • Help keep bones healthy (regulate levels of calcium and phosphorus) ...
... • Help keep bones healthy (regulate levels of calcium and phosphorus) ...
downloadable - Medical Research Council
... vaccines) suggests that bacterial infections represent ‘low-hanging fruit’ for vaccine development. Most excitingly, the same vaccine technology platforms are applicable to a range of bacterial pathogens, and there is huge potential for exploitation of this from encouraging the cross-fertilisation o ...
... vaccines) suggests that bacterial infections represent ‘low-hanging fruit’ for vaccine development. Most excitingly, the same vaccine technology platforms are applicable to a range of bacterial pathogens, and there is huge potential for exploitation of this from encouraging the cross-fertilisation o ...
Lyme Disease - Middlesex
... Lyme disease to try to determine where individuals may have come in contact with infected ticks. Encouraging the public to submit ticks that are found attached to themselves, or to family members, to their local health units is another form of tick surveillance. About half of the LD cases that are r ...
... Lyme disease to try to determine where individuals may have come in contact with infected ticks. Encouraging the public to submit ticks that are found attached to themselves, or to family members, to their local health units is another form of tick surveillance. About half of the LD cases that are r ...
Meningococcal disease
Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (also termed meningococcus). It carries a high mortality rate if untreated but is a vaccine-preventable disease. While best known as a cause of meningitis, widespread blood infection can result in sepsis, which is a more damaging and dangerous condition. Meningitis and meningococcemia are major causes of illness, death, and disability in both developed and under-developed countries.There are approximately 2,600 cases of bacterial meningitis per year in the United States, and on average 333,000 cases in developing countries. The case fatality rate ranges between 10 and 20 percent. The incidence of endemic meningococcal disease during the last 13 years ranges from 1 to 5 per 100,000 in developed countries, and from 10 to 25 per 100,000 in developing countries. During epidemics the incidence of meningococcal disease approaches 100 per 100,000. Meningococcal vaccines have sharply reduced the incidence of the disease in developed countries.The disease's pathogenesis is not fully understood. The pathogen colonises a large number of the general population harmlessly, but in some very small percentage of individuals it can invade the blood stream, and the entire body but notably limbs and brain, causing serious illness. Over the past few years, experts have made an intensive effort to understand specific aspects of meningococcal biology and host interactions, however the development of improved treatments and effective vaccines is expected to depend on novel efforts by workers in many different fields.While meningococcal disease is not as contagious as the common cold (which is spread through casual contact), it can be transmitted through saliva and occasionally through close, prolonged general contact with an infected person.