Role of Molecular Epidemiology in Infectious Disease Surveillance
... the distribution of diseases in populations. And molecular epidemiology provides new opportunities for epidemiologist for disease prevention and treatment in a better way and technological progress has continued to spark enthusiasm about future prospects. Traditional typing systems based on phenotyp ...
... the distribution of diseases in populations. And molecular epidemiology provides new opportunities for epidemiologist for disease prevention and treatment in a better way and technological progress has continued to spark enthusiasm about future prospects. Traditional typing systems based on phenotyp ...
Carrier Stage of Infection
... epidemiologists to take one sided view of disease causation. That is, they could not think beyond the germ theory of disease. It is now recognized that a disease is rarely caused by a single agent alone, but rather depends upon a no. of factors which contribute to its occurrence. Epidemiological TRI ...
... epidemiologists to take one sided view of disease causation. That is, they could not think beyond the germ theory of disease. It is now recognized that a disease is rarely caused by a single agent alone, but rather depends upon a no. of factors which contribute to its occurrence. Epidemiological TRI ...
Parasitic Skin Diseases Part 1
... Dracunculiasis is a skin disease that is caused by Dracunculus, a nematode that parasitizes subcutaneous tissues. Infection occurs when the mammalian host ingests an infected microscopic crustacean (intermediate host) while drinking contaminated water. Over the next 8 to 12 months, the larvae develo ...
... Dracunculiasis is a skin disease that is caused by Dracunculus, a nematode that parasitizes subcutaneous tissues. Infection occurs when the mammalian host ingests an infected microscopic crustacean (intermediate host) while drinking contaminated water. Over the next 8 to 12 months, the larvae develo ...
ITEM 12: Public health emergencies: From rapid response to
... China, mainland Taiwan South Korea Indonesia Singapore Thailand Malaysia Philippines ...
... China, mainland Taiwan South Korea Indonesia Singapore Thailand Malaysia Philippines ...
General Medical Conditions
... chills, enlarged lymph glands in the neck and jaw region, and extreme fatigue. – As disease progresses, it can involve the liver and spleen. – Transmission is typically by direct contact with discharge from an infected person’s mouth. ...
... chills, enlarged lymph glands in the neck and jaw region, and extreme fatigue. – As disease progresses, it can involve the liver and spleen. – Transmission is typically by direct contact with discharge from an infected person’s mouth. ...
pdf (open access article) - Bournemouth University Research Online
... immune. After the experiments were complete, hosts were dissected and tissue samples tested for S. destruens presence. However, it must be noted that it is impossible to differentiate between recovered hosts and naturally immune hosts at the end of the experiment. Spores released into the water from ...
... immune. After the experiments were complete, hosts were dissected and tissue samples tested for S. destruens presence. However, it must be noted that it is impossible to differentiate between recovered hosts and naturally immune hosts at the end of the experiment. Spores released into the water from ...
Healthcare associated infections and medical imaging
... Secondly, this case study highlights the issue of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs)3,4,5 and the Medical Imaging department. A HAI occurs when a patient acquires an infection as a result of receiving healthcare. HAIs acquired in the hospital setting are a major cause of death and increased mor ...
... Secondly, this case study highlights the issue of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs)3,4,5 and the Medical Imaging department. A HAI occurs when a patient acquires an infection as a result of receiving healthcare. HAIs acquired in the hospital setting are a major cause of death and increased mor ...
Microarray gene analysis induced by Leishmania infection
... with virulent L. donovani as these modulated genes are likely involved with parasite induced suppression of host response or host defense. Human peripheral blood derived macrophages will be infected with L. donovani lesion amastigotes, at various times will be RNA isolated (24, 48, 72 hr post infect ...
... with virulent L. donovani as these modulated genes are likely involved with parasite induced suppression of host response or host defense. Human peripheral blood derived macrophages will be infected with L. donovani lesion amastigotes, at various times will be RNA isolated (24, 48, 72 hr post infect ...
Hygiene Policy
... Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonorrhoea is spread through contact with the penis, vagina, anus or mouth. Some men have no symptoms of infection. However if symptoms occur they usually appear 2-5 days after exposure to the infection, muc ...
... Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonorrhoea is spread through contact with the penis, vagina, anus or mouth. Some men have no symptoms of infection. However if symptoms occur they usually appear 2-5 days after exposure to the infection, muc ...
NJNU Ebola Factsheet 1
... Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF)2 is a severe illness caused by Ebola Filovirus.3 It is highly infectious, rapidly fatal, with a death rate of up to 90%, but it can be prevented. It is spread through direct contact with body fluids (blood, saliva, urine, sperm, ...
... Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF)2 is a severe illness caused by Ebola Filovirus.3 It is highly infectious, rapidly fatal, with a death rate of up to 90%, but it can be prevented. It is spread through direct contact with body fluids (blood, saliva, urine, sperm, ...
Detection of West Nile virus sequences in cerebrospinal fluid
... reporting was complete. We could not assess, however, how many ADRs were not reported. This system, therefore, lacks specificity and reported ADRs should be checked to confirm the relation with drug administration. In paediatric wards, most drugs are prescribed off-label,4 but there are no data on w ...
... reporting was complete. We could not assess, however, how many ADRs were not reported. This system, therefore, lacks specificity and reported ADRs should be checked to confirm the relation with drug administration. In paediatric wards, most drugs are prescribed off-label,4 but there are no data on w ...
Livestock - diseases causing Abortion
... 5 months after initial infection. Orchitis and inflammation of the accessory sex glands can occur in males. Leptospirosis: The disease causes repeat breeders, low-grade uterine infections, abortions, mastitis and occasionally systemic infection. Cattle abortion may occur at any stage of gestation bu ...
... 5 months after initial infection. Orchitis and inflammation of the accessory sex glands can occur in males. Leptospirosis: The disease causes repeat breeders, low-grade uterine infections, abortions, mastitis and occasionally systemic infection. Cattle abortion may occur at any stage of gestation bu ...
Acariosis
... sterile compartments of 5 patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of infection. Given the fact that all patients were injection drug users, the mode of infection was thought to be intravenous administration of contaminated methadone, resulting in P. larvae bacteremia. Our hypothesis is suppor ...
... sterile compartments of 5 patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of infection. Given the fact that all patients were injection drug users, the mode of infection was thought to be intravenous administration of contaminated methadone, resulting in P. larvae bacteremia. Our hypothesis is suppor ...
1-month
... CNS toxoplasmosis (outside the neonatal period) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection • Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis including meningitis • Chronic Cryptosporidiosis, Isosporiasis ...
... CNS toxoplasmosis (outside the neonatal period) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection • Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis including meningitis • Chronic Cryptosporidiosis, Isosporiasis ...
Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella, and Gardnerella
... • Urogenital tract infection - serotypes D-K • Major cause of nongonococcal urethritis; ...
... • Urogenital tract infection - serotypes D-K • Major cause of nongonococcal urethritis; ...
Infection Control the Handouts OBJECTIVES
... TB Prevention • TB testing upon hire and every 12 months afterward • Employees who were born in other countries may have been given a BCG, a live TB vaccine, at birth, or when they began a career as in healthcare • If you are caring for a patient with TB, you must wear a NIOSH approved mask – You mu ...
... TB Prevention • TB testing upon hire and every 12 months afterward • Employees who were born in other countries may have been given a BCG, a live TB vaccine, at birth, or when they began a career as in healthcare • If you are caring for a patient with TB, you must wear a NIOSH approved mask – You mu ...
Mycobacterium arupense infection in HIV
... Due to the importance of isolation of M. arupense among HIV patients in our study, conventional culture and identification tests were performed and the antimycobacterial therapy was undertaken based on susceptibility testing results for better management of the infection. Conventional methods failed ...
... Due to the importance of isolation of M. arupense among HIV patients in our study, conventional culture and identification tests were performed and the antimycobacterial therapy was undertaken based on susceptibility testing results for better management of the infection. Conventional methods failed ...
Acute HIV Infection
... Symptoms can include fever, swollen glands, sore throat, rash, muscle and joint aches and pains, fatigue, and headache. This is called “acute retroviral syndrome” (ARS) or “primary HIV infection,” and it’s the body’s natural response to the HIV infection. • During this early period of infection, lar ...
... Symptoms can include fever, swollen glands, sore throat, rash, muscle and joint aches and pains, fatigue, and headache. This is called “acute retroviral syndrome” (ARS) or “primary HIV infection,” and it’s the body’s natural response to the HIV infection. • During this early period of infection, lar ...
PowerPoint
... culture; serological test (F1 specific antibody positive after 8-14 days) used for retrospective diagnosis • Treatment: streptomycin or gentamycin, (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin as alternatives) • Prognosis: 40-60% fatal without treatment (14% of U.S. cases fatal, 1970-present) because Y. pestis diss ...
... culture; serological test (F1 specific antibody positive after 8-14 days) used for retrospective diagnosis • Treatment: streptomycin or gentamycin, (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin as alternatives) • Prognosis: 40-60% fatal without treatment (14% of U.S. cases fatal, 1970-present) because Y. pestis diss ...
STD & HIV Presentation 52013
... Most people (3 out of 4) will have long-term symptoms that can lead to liver disease. #1 reason for liver transplants in U.S. Jaundice, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, dark urine, fever, & extreme tiredness. Blood. Needle sharing or equipment with blood on it. No vaccine, just some treatme ...
... Most people (3 out of 4) will have long-term symptoms that can lead to liver disease. #1 reason for liver transplants in U.S. Jaundice, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, dark urine, fever, & extreme tiredness. Blood. Needle sharing or equipment with blood on it. No vaccine, just some treatme ...
Acute HIV Infection
... Symptoms can include fever, swollen glands, sore throat, rash, muscle and joint aches and pains, fatigue, and headache. This is called “acute retroviral syndrome” (ARS) or “primary HIV infection,” and it’s the body’s natural response to the HIV infection. • During this early period of infection, lar ...
... Symptoms can include fever, swollen glands, sore throat, rash, muscle and joint aches and pains, fatigue, and headache. This is called “acute retroviral syndrome” (ARS) or “primary HIV infection,” and it’s the body’s natural response to the HIV infection. • During this early period of infection, lar ...
Biological Agent Reference Sheet (BARS)
... No specific treatment available. Take non-aspirin Treatment pain relievers and drink plenty of water. Monitor for symptoms and confirm by serological or Surveillance molecular tests. Emory Report all exposures. Requirements LABORATORY HAZARDS Up to 1988, 11 cases have been reported. One case resulte ...
... No specific treatment available. Take non-aspirin Treatment pain relievers and drink plenty of water. Monitor for symptoms and confirm by serological or Surveillance molecular tests. Emory Report all exposures. Requirements LABORATORY HAZARDS Up to 1988, 11 cases have been reported. One case resulte ...
fever of unknown origin
... Temperature > 38ºC (101ºF) recorded on several occasions occurring for more than three weeks in spite of investigations on three OPD visits or three days of stay in hospital or one week of invasive ambulatory investigations is called classic FUO ...
... Temperature > 38ºC (101ºF) recorded on several occasions occurring for more than three weeks in spite of investigations on three OPD visits or three days of stay in hospital or one week of invasive ambulatory investigations is called classic FUO ...
Oesophagostomum
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Oesophagostomum is a genus of free-living nematodes of the family Strongyloidae. These worms occur in Africa, Brazil, China, Indonesia and the Philippines. The majority of human infection with Oesophagostomum is localized to northern Togo and Ghana. Because the eggs may be indistinguishable from those of the hookworms (which are widely distributed and can also rarely cause helminthomas), the species causing human helminthomas are rarely identified with accuracy. Oesophagostomum, especially O. bifurcum, are common parasites of livestock and animals like goats, pigs and non-human primates, although it seems that humans are increasingly becoming favorable hosts as well. The disease they cause, oesophagostomiasis, is known for the nodule formation it causes in the intestines of its infected hosts, which can lead to more serious problems such as dysentery. Although the routes of human infection have yet to be elucidated sufficiently, it is believed that transmission occurs through oral-fecal means, with infected humans unknowingly ingesting soil containing the infectious filariform larvae.Oesophagostomum infection is largely localized to northern Togo and Ghana in western Africa where it is a serious public health problem. Because it is so localized, research on intervention measures and the implementation of effective public health interventions have been lacking. In recent years, however, there have been advances in the diagnosis of Oesophagostomum infection with PCR assays and ultrasound and recent interventions involving mass treatment with albendazole shows promise for controlling and possibly eliminating Oesophagostomum infection in northern Togo and Ghana.