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Peer-reviewed Article PDF - e
Peer-reviewed Article PDF - e

... loss of epithelium barrier function with a subsequent increase in permeability [16]. It is established that the increased intestinal permeability could also result from increased luminal antigens, this could provoke the appearance of allergic reactions–a complication, often observed in humans infect ...
Bloodborne Pathogens Annual Training Module
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... *HCV accounts for more liver transplants in the U.S. than any other condition. The incubation period ranges from 2-6 months, most commonly 2-3 months. The period of communicability ranges from one or more weeks before onset of symptoms to months / years. 85% persist indefinitely and are chronic carr ...
Onion Disorder: Purple Blotch (A3804)
Onion Disorder: Purple Blotch (A3804)

... stalks, and flowers of onions 1–4 days after infection occurs. As the spots enlarge, they assume a bull’seye appearance and become somewhat sunken and purplish in color. The border of the lesion is reddish or purple with a yellow halo that extends for some distance above and below the center of the ...
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Criteria for Parents to Determine Whether to Keep a Child Home

... Sometimes it can be difficult for a parent to decide whether to send children to school when they wake up with early symptoms of an illness or complaints that they do not feel well. In general, during cold and flu season, unless your child has a fever, diarrhea, or vomiting, the best place for them ...
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Chapter013 - Microbiology A Systems Approach Cowan 3E TB

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... In this portion of the test, the stool is cultured for 24 hours to determine which bacteria are present. The sample is then studied under a microscope and a bacterial count is taken. The lab reports on normal or abnormal bacteria and the amount present is quantified as mild, moderate or abundant. Th ...
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... urban settings. When we reviewed the exposure history with our patient’s parents, they mentioned the many raccoons on their property. On further investigation, extensive raccoon fecal contamination was discovered on their property. Raccoons typically defecate in common areas (latrines), which, in fo ...
a systematic review. Lancet Infectious Diseases
a systematic review. Lancet Infectious Diseases

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Schistosomiasis



Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, snail fever, and Katayama fever, is a disease caused by parasitic worms of the Schistosoma type. It may infect the urinary tract or the intestines. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, or blood in the urine. In those who have been infected for a long time, liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, or bladder cancer may occur. In children it may cause poor growth and learning difficulty.The disease is spread by contact with water contaminated with the parasites. These parasites are released from infected freshwater snails. The disease is especially common among children in developing countries as they are more likely to play in contaminated water. Other high risk groups include farmers, fishermen, and people using unclean water for their daily chores. It belongs to the group of helminth infections. Diagnosis is by finding the eggs of the parasite in a person's urine or stool. It can also be confirmed by finding antibodies against the disease in the blood.Methods to prevent the disease include improving access to clean water and reducing the number of snails. In areas where the disease is common entire groups may be treated all at once and yearly with the medication praziquantel. This is done to decrease the number of people infected and therefore decrease the spread of the disease. Praziquantel is also the treatment recommended by the World Health Organization for those who are known to be infected.Schistosomiasis affects almost 210 million people worldwide, and an estimated 12,000 to 200,000 people die from it a year. The disease is most commonly found in Africa, as well as Asia and South America. Around 700 million people, in more than 70 countries, live in areas where the disease is common. Schistosomiasis is second only to malaria, as a parasitic disease with the greatest economic impact. It is classified as a neglected tropical disease.
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