Toxoplasma gondii infection in meat animals from
... the meat production on the continent was estimated at 17352 thousands of tons in 2013 and increasing every year [18]. Food animals can be reservoirs for T. gondii and act as one of the sources for parasite transmission to humans. Many epidemiologic studies have found an association between consumpti ...
... the meat production on the continent was estimated at 17352 thousands of tons in 2013 and increasing every year [18]. Food animals can be reservoirs for T. gondii and act as one of the sources for parasite transmission to humans. Many epidemiologic studies have found an association between consumpti ...
PAHO/WHO Regional Research Agenda related to Zika
... area. Approximately 11% of the population was infected, and an estimated 28,000 people sought medical care. 5-6 ZIKV is transmitted primarily by the Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) mosquito. Experimental evidence suggests that Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) may also transmit the virus. Ae. aegypti an ...
... area. Approximately 11% of the population was infected, and an estimated 28,000 people sought medical care. 5-6 ZIKV is transmitted primarily by the Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) mosquito. Experimental evidence suggests that Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) may also transmit the virus. Ae. aegypti an ...
Research paper : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
... arrangements of MERS-CoV from camels' nasal swab, also rectal swab (WHO 2014b; Reusken et al. 2014a) were investigated and stated to be nearly identical with human MERS-CoV sequences. A few analysts showed that, horse DPP4 can competently enhance viral infection through expression into various human ...
... arrangements of MERS-CoV from camels' nasal swab, also rectal swab (WHO 2014b; Reusken et al. 2014a) were investigated and stated to be nearly identical with human MERS-CoV sequences. A few analysts showed that, horse DPP4 can competently enhance viral infection through expression into various human ...
Surveillance of low pathogenic avian influenza in layer chickens
... information of LPAIv introductions in the MS or establish freedom from infection. However, it does not consider the possibility of multiple introductions of LPAIv into poultry (i.e LPAI introduction in Italy in 2007 [21]) and the spread of infection following these introductions. Hence, the current ...
... information of LPAIv introductions in the MS or establish freedom from infection. However, it does not consider the possibility of multiple introductions of LPAIv into poultry (i.e LPAI introduction in Italy in 2007 [21]) and the spread of infection following these introductions. Hence, the current ...
Using diagnostic techniques in the operational setting - Hal-Riip
... MIT test results are available after an incubation period of up to 28 days. Some strains are associated with a longer incubation period. In laboratories with cell culture facilities and appropriate level of bio-containment, RTCT provides results within 24-48 hours, which is far ...
... MIT test results are available after an incubation period of up to 28 days. Some strains are associated with a longer incubation period. In laboratories with cell culture facilities and appropriate level of bio-containment, RTCT provides results within 24-48 hours, which is far ...
69879 - Radboud Repository
... In 42 patients suspected of chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible, sensitivity of FDG PET (64%) was lower than sensitivity of bone scintigraphy (84%), but specificity of FDG PET proved to be higher (78% vs 33%).23 During follow-up, specificity of FDG PET was still 63% while specificity of bone scint ...
... In 42 patients suspected of chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible, sensitivity of FDG PET (64%) was lower than sensitivity of bone scintigraphy (84%), but specificity of FDG PET proved to be higher (78% vs 33%).23 During follow-up, specificity of FDG PET was still 63% while specificity of bone scint ...
Guidance for the Prevention and Control of Hepatitis A Infection
... The average incubation period of hepatitis A is around 28 days (range 15–50 days). The course of hepatitis A infection is extremely variable. In children under 5 years of age 80-95% of infections are asymptomatic while in adults 70-95% of infections result in clinical illness5. Severity of symptoms ...
... The average incubation period of hepatitis A is around 28 days (range 15–50 days). The course of hepatitis A infection is extremely variable. In children under 5 years of age 80-95% of infections are asymptomatic while in adults 70-95% of infections result in clinical illness5. Severity of symptoms ...
8_HSV - bloodhounds Incorporated
... – Newly acquired HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection in an individual previously seropositive to the other virus – Symptoms usually milder than primary infection – Antibody to new infection may take several weeks to a few months to appear ...
... – Newly acquired HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection in an individual previously seropositive to the other virus – Symptoms usually milder than primary infection – Antibody to new infection may take several weeks to a few months to appear ...
Manual for the laboratory diagnosis of measles virus infection
... Measles is typically a febrile rash disease with an incubation period of 10 days (range 7–18 days) between infection by the respiratory route and the onset of fever. Virus replication initially takes place in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells, followed by invasion of local lymph nodes. The dis ...
... Measles is typically a febrile rash disease with an incubation period of 10 days (range 7–18 days) between infection by the respiratory route and the onset of fever. Virus replication initially takes place in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells, followed by invasion of local lymph nodes. The dis ...
Vaccine Preventable Diseases
... Stools are highly infectious, virus excretion starts to decline at onset of clinical illness but may continue for 3 weeks www.immunisation.ie ...
... Stools are highly infectious, virus excretion starts to decline at onset of clinical illness but may continue for 3 weeks www.immunisation.ie ...
Chapter 37 - INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOMYELITIS
... children younger than 5 years old, and 60% occur in children younger than 2 years old.26 In the neonate, S. aureus (40% to 50%) or group B Streptococcus (20% to 25%) are the most common causative organisms.5,9,27 Enterobacteriaceae, gonococcus, and Candida species are also significant pathogens in t ...
... children younger than 5 years old, and 60% occur in children younger than 2 years old.26 In the neonate, S. aureus (40% to 50%) or group B Streptococcus (20% to 25%) are the most common causative organisms.5,9,27 Enterobacteriaceae, gonococcus, and Candida species are also significant pathogens in t ...
Infectious Diseases in Finland 1995–2009
... In addition to commentary, the report includes figures and tables that are not employed in our regular reporting. Distributions by gender, age and region are available at our website. The figures for some of the diseases in the National Infectious Diseases Register (NIDR) will still be updated after ...
... In addition to commentary, the report includes figures and tables that are not employed in our regular reporting. Distributions by gender, age and region are available at our website. The figures for some of the diseases in the National Infectious Diseases Register (NIDR) will still be updated after ...
Chapter 2.2.3.
... Depending on the host species and the genotype of the virus, IHHN may take three distinct forms: in unselected P. stylirostris, infection by IHHNV results in an acute, usually catastrophic disease with mortalities approaching 100%. In contrast, in P. vannamei, some selected lines of P. stylirostris, ...
... Depending on the host species and the genotype of the virus, IHHN may take three distinct forms: in unselected P. stylirostris, infection by IHHNV results in an acute, usually catastrophic disease with mortalities approaching 100%. In contrast, in P. vannamei, some selected lines of P. stylirostris, ...
A Bayesian approach for inferring the dynamics of partially observed space-time-genetic data
... also be an indirect source of observed infections after its removal, as a consequence of unsampled intermediate hosts: case A (sampled) infects B (unsampled) which infects C (unsampled) which infects D (sampled). As these unsampled cases extend the influence of case A in both geographical and geneti ...
... also be an indirect source of observed infections after its removal, as a consequence of unsampled intermediate hosts: case A (sampled) infects B (unsampled) which infects C (unsampled) which infects D (sampled). As these unsampled cases extend the influence of case A in both geographical and geneti ...
Full text in pdf format
... 30°C and fed with Artemia nauplii twice daily. Artemia challenge experiments. Pathogenicity of Mr NV and XSV for different developmental stages of Artemia (nauplii, metanauplii, juveniles, sub-adults and adults) was tested by immersion or oral challenge. For immersion challenge, batches of healthy n ...
... 30°C and fed with Artemia nauplii twice daily. Artemia challenge experiments. Pathogenicity of Mr NV and XSV for different developmental stages of Artemia (nauplii, metanauplii, juveniles, sub-adults and adults) was tested by immersion or oral challenge. For immersion challenge, batches of healthy n ...
Q fever: current status and perspectives - ORBi
... not observed in acute infection (Koster et al., 1985b). In addition, Shannon et al. (2005) observed that ...
... not observed in acute infection (Koster et al., 1985b). In addition, Shannon et al. (2005) observed that ...
Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna
... the disease, including distribution, clinical signs, transmission, diagnosis and any available treatment, is considered. As a result of hazard identification, organisms are classified as either potential hazards in the commodity, or not. Organisms identified as potential hazards in the commodity are ...
... the disease, including distribution, clinical signs, transmission, diagnosis and any available treatment, is considered. As a result of hazard identification, organisms are classified as either potential hazards in the commodity, or not. Organisms identified as potential hazards in the commodity are ...
Update on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV
... Protease inhibitors (PI), although active against HIV-2, also show varying degrees of activity due to natural protease polymorphisms. Comparing the potency of different PIs against HIV-2 using kinetic inhibition assays, Brower et al [53] found that lopinavir, saquinavir, tipranavir, and darunavir we ...
... Protease inhibitors (PI), although active against HIV-2, also show varying degrees of activity due to natural protease polymorphisms. Comparing the potency of different PIs against HIV-2 using kinetic inhibition assays, Brower et al [53] found that lopinavir, saquinavir, tipranavir, and darunavir we ...
The prevention of transmission of blood
... is defined in this document. In general, hepatitis B prevention should be based on the screening and vaccination of health-care workers who are not already immune to the infection. Health-care workers who are infected with hepatitis B virus should submit to further testing to clarify their infectivi ...
... is defined in this document. In general, hepatitis B prevention should be based on the screening and vaccination of health-care workers who are not already immune to the infection. Health-care workers who are infected with hepatitis B virus should submit to further testing to clarify their infectivi ...
Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection in Children Younger Than
... The objectives of this technical report are to describe methods of diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in children younger than 18 months in the United States and to review important issues that must be considered by clinicians who care for infants and young children born to HIV-1–infected women. Appropria ...
... The objectives of this technical report are to describe methods of diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in children younger than 18 months in the United States and to review important issues that must be considered by clinicians who care for infants and young children born to HIV-1–infected women. Appropria ...
attachment 1
... Although a number of different pathogenic agents have been reported in the semen of bulls, most were found in the seminal fluid or leucocytes rather than within or attached to the spermatozoon. Some pathogens suspected of being within the sperm cell include: bovine herpesvirus, bovine pestivirus ...
... Although a number of different pathogenic agents have been reported in the semen of bulls, most were found in the seminal fluid or leucocytes rather than within or attached to the spermatozoon. Some pathogens suspected of being within the sperm cell include: bovine herpesvirus, bovine pestivirus ...
Synthetic Prions - Department Of Biological Sciences Hunter
... model was developed to calculate the -sheet content in PrP using these values (39). The concentration of PrP in the samples was calculated from calibration curves generated with the -rich recombinant MoPrP(89-231) for RO73 or with synthetic MoPrP(89-143,P101L) for 5449. The signal obtained from no ...
... model was developed to calculate the -sheet content in PrP using these values (39). The concentration of PrP in the samples was calculated from calibration curves generated with the -rich recombinant MoPrP(89-231) for RO73 or with synthetic MoPrP(89-143,P101L) for 5449. The signal obtained from no ...
Murine Typhus: An Unrecognized Suburban Vectorborne Disease
... then spreading peripherally, sparing the palms and soles; lasting 1–4 days; and occurring, on average, ∼1 week after the onset of fever [4, 35]. Flea bites are occasionally found during examination and were reported in 13.6% of cases in a study from the Canary Islands, Spain [30], and in 39% of case ...
... then spreading peripherally, sparing the palms and soles; lasting 1–4 days; and occurring, on average, ∼1 week after the onset of fever [4, 35]. Flea bites are occasionally found during examination and were reported in 13.6% of cases in a study from the Canary Islands, Spain [30], and in 39% of case ...
Importation of cooked turkey meat from the United States
... system. It enables the Australian Government to formally assess the risks associated with proposals to import new products into Australia. If the risks are found to exceed Australia’s ALOP, risk management measures are recommended to reduce the risks to an acceptable level. If it is not possible to ...
... system. It enables the Australian Government to formally assess the risks associated with proposals to import new products into Australia. If the risks are found to exceed Australia’s ALOP, risk management measures are recommended to reduce the risks to an acceptable level. If it is not possible to ...
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM), is a rodent-borne viral infectious disease that presents as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Its causative agent is the Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV), a member of the family Arenaviridae. The name was coined by Charles Armstrong in 1934.