Surveillance of work-related infectious diseases
... Every year, as commissioned by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (SZW), the Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb) at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) carries out an analysis of the work-related infectious diseases reported in the Netherlands. This ...
... Every year, as commissioned by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (SZW), the Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb) at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) carries out an analysis of the work-related infectious diseases reported in the Netherlands. This ...
Chapter 8 - Hepatitis A
... The risk of faecal-oral transmission is increased where there is close personto-person contact, e.g. among infants, young children and those with learning disability, especially in day-care and residential homes. The risk is also increased where there is overcrowding and where poor hygiene standards ...
... The risk of faecal-oral transmission is increased where there is close personto-person contact, e.g. among infants, young children and those with learning disability, especially in day-care and residential homes. The risk is also increased where there is overcrowding and where poor hygiene standards ...
Causes of proctocolitis
... cryptosporidial antigens that have high sensitivity are commercially available.26 (level Ib, grade A). Non-specific proctitis In some patients with symptoms and signs of a distal proctitis, a causative organism cannot be detected. These individuals are said to have non-specific proctitis. ...
... cryptosporidial antigens that have high sensitivity are commercially available.26 (level Ib, grade A). Non-specific proctitis In some patients with symptoms and signs of a distal proctitis, a causative organism cannot be detected. These individuals are said to have non-specific proctitis. ...
Special Issue on Syndromic Surveillance
... reporting of cases like dengue fever or malarial fever does not have the reliability of the diagnosis. In most developing countries malaria and other non-malarial diseases (such as dengue, leptospirosis, enteric fever, and Japanese encephalitis) present as acute undifferentiated fever and are major ...
... reporting of cases like dengue fever or malarial fever does not have the reliability of the diagnosis. In most developing countries malaria and other non-malarial diseases (such as dengue, leptospirosis, enteric fever, and Japanese encephalitis) present as acute undifferentiated fever and are major ...
Minimum Period of Exclusion from Primary
... Schedule 7 — Minimum Period of Exclusion from Primary Schools and Children's Services Centres for Infectious Diseases Cases and Contacts (Public Health and Wellbeing Regulations 2009) In this Schedule, medical certificate means a certificate of a registered medical practitioner. [1] Conditions ...
... Schedule 7 — Minimum Period of Exclusion from Primary Schools and Children's Services Centres for Infectious Diseases Cases and Contacts (Public Health and Wellbeing Regulations 2009) In this Schedule, medical certificate means a certificate of a registered medical practitioner. [1] Conditions ...
Section V Categories of waterborne disease organisms
... via water. The waterborne zoonotic bacteria are principally those shed in faeces by warm-blooded animals (birds and mammals), although some are also harboured by reptiles. Detection methods exist for the most important waterborne bacteria and are improving, but there is still good reason to use indi ...
... via water. The waterborne zoonotic bacteria are principally those shed in faeces by warm-blooded animals (birds and mammals), although some are also harboured by reptiles. Detection methods exist for the most important waterborne bacteria and are improving, but there is still good reason to use indi ...
1D Draft CSTE SARS Definition
... 1. A measured documented temperature of >100.4º F (>38º C) is expected. However, clinical judgment may allow a small proportion of patients without a documented fever to meet this criterion. Factors that might be considered include patient self-report of fever, use of antipyretics, presence of immun ...
... 1. A measured documented temperature of >100.4º F (>38º C) is expected. However, clinical judgment may allow a small proportion of patients without a documented fever to meet this criterion. Factors that might be considered include patient self-report of fever, use of antipyretics, presence of immun ...
H1N1 Influenza Fact Sheet
... No. H1N1 flu viruses are not transmitted by food. You cannot get H1N1 flu from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork and pork products is safe. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160°F kills all viruses and other food-borne pathogens. How serious is H1N1 flu i ...
... No. H1N1 flu viruses are not transmitted by food. You cannot get H1N1 flu from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork and pork products is safe. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160°F kills all viruses and other food-borne pathogens. How serious is H1N1 flu i ...
INFANRIX hexa
... and seem healthy for many years. However, after 30, 40 or 50 years they can become sick and develop symptoms. For all chronic hepatitis ...
... and seem healthy for many years. However, after 30, 40 or 50 years they can become sick and develop symptoms. For all chronic hepatitis ...
Overview of Gastric Pathology: Non
... • Eosinophilic gastritis is typically part of eosinophilic gastroenteritis, which may take one of three forms: ...
... • Eosinophilic gastritis is typically part of eosinophilic gastroenteritis, which may take one of three forms: ...
The Black Death: Plague in Medieval Europe
... Plague bacteria is carried inside fleas, who rode on camels & horses with merchants, then jumped on rats, who traveled on ships to the cities of Europe. ...
... Plague bacteria is carried inside fleas, who rode on camels & horses with merchants, then jumped on rats, who traveled on ships to the cities of Europe. ...
Australian Bat Lyssavirus Dec 2016
... lyssavirus-positive bats have been detected annually in Australia. Studies suggest that the prevalence of ABLV in Australian bat populations is low (Barrett 2004; Field 2005). A study of 475 wild-caught flying-foxes (Field 2005) found no evidence of current ABLV infection, and in another study there ...
... lyssavirus-positive bats have been detected annually in Australia. Studies suggest that the prevalence of ABLV in Australian bat populations is low (Barrett 2004; Field 2005). A study of 475 wild-caught flying-foxes (Field 2005) found no evidence of current ABLV infection, and in another study there ...
Pneumonic-type mucinous lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed by
... Rapidly progressive diffuse parenchymal lung disease not caused by an infectious organism represents a diagnostic challenge, particularly when severe hypoxemia ensues. The differential diagnosis is broad, and diagnostic tissue procurement is not always feasible. We report a case in which transbronch ...
... Rapidly progressive diffuse parenchymal lung disease not caused by an infectious organism represents a diagnostic challenge, particularly when severe hypoxemia ensues. The differential diagnosis is broad, and diagnostic tissue procurement is not always feasible. We report a case in which transbronch ...
Clostridium difficile (C. diff) Infection
... unnecessary (not needed).CDC Reducing this number could decrease the incidence of C. diff. • C. diff is a serious illness that requires coordinated treatment. C. diff can range from a mild, irritating illness to a prolonged, life-threatening infection. Appropriate treatment of C. diff, and the mana ...
... unnecessary (not needed).CDC Reducing this number could decrease the incidence of C. diff. • C. diff is a serious illness that requires coordinated treatment. C. diff can range from a mild, irritating illness to a prolonged, life-threatening infection. Appropriate treatment of C. diff, and the mana ...
Upper Respiratory Infection
... • Influenza vaccination for all persons >6 months of age, particularly older and younger patients and those with concomitant significant illnesses. • Pneumococcal vaccination for those with concomitant significant illnesses and all persons ≥65 years old without a pneumococcal vaccine history. Refe ...
... • Influenza vaccination for all persons >6 months of age, particularly older and younger patients and those with concomitant significant illnesses. • Pneumococcal vaccination for those with concomitant significant illnesses and all persons ≥65 years old without a pneumococcal vaccine history. Refe ...
Cavitated lung lesions. A diagnostic approach
... Pulmonary embolism; the pulmonary thromboembolism of vascular origin, due to the presence of a thrombus in the lumen of pulmonary arteries, may manifest as lung infarction that cavitates in 7% of cases more or less. These cavities can be present for a long time until their complete resolution and in ...
... Pulmonary embolism; the pulmonary thromboembolism of vascular origin, due to the presence of a thrombus in the lumen of pulmonary arteries, may manifest as lung infarction that cavitates in 7% of cases more or less. These cavities can be present for a long time until their complete resolution and in ...
Medical Virology - e
... Type of infection Virus replicates initially at the site of entry, but then enters the blood (viraemia) or lymphatics and spreads throughout the body .Other viruses may replicate locally initially, and then enter nerve endings and travel up the axon to infect the central nervous system. Time from ex ...
... Type of infection Virus replicates initially at the site of entry, but then enters the blood (viraemia) or lymphatics and spreads throughout the body .Other viruses may replicate locally initially, and then enter nerve endings and travel up the axon to infect the central nervous system. Time from ex ...
Ticks and tick-borne diseases: a One Health perspective
... Ticks may live in many types of environments. For instance, most bat-associated soft tick species are typically found in caves [26], whereas ticks of wild terrestrial mammals are commonly found in forested areas [41]. Domestic animals (e.g., cattle and dogs) may carry ticks infected by pathogens and ...
... Ticks may live in many types of environments. For instance, most bat-associated soft tick species are typically found in caves [26], whereas ticks of wild terrestrial mammals are commonly found in forested areas [41]. Domestic animals (e.g., cattle and dogs) may carry ticks infected by pathogens and ...
1 Chapter 5: Acute infection of the pharynx and tonsils
... anaerobic organisms most are sensitive to penicillin. In a patient with an early peritonsillar abscess which is really a peritonsillar cellulitis, incision and drainage are not to be recommended. It is difficult to be certain when a discrete abscess has formed, but marked bulging of the soft palate, ...
... anaerobic organisms most are sensitive to penicillin. In a patient with an early peritonsillar abscess which is really a peritonsillar cellulitis, incision and drainage are not to be recommended. It is difficult to be certain when a discrete abscess has formed, but marked bulging of the soft palate, ...
What is Hepatitis?
... • ‘Non-A non-B’ transfusion-related hepatitis • RNA virus that infects liver cells causing inflammation and, if untreated, liver scarring fibrosis • Since 1991 all UK blood transfusions have been screened ...
... • ‘Non-A non-B’ transfusion-related hepatitis • RNA virus that infects liver cells causing inflammation and, if untreated, liver scarring fibrosis • Since 1991 all UK blood transfusions have been screened ...
Immunodiagnosis of fasciolosis using recombinant
... as a fusion protein containing the proregion, supplied with six histidyl residues at the N-terminal end (rproCL1). In this study we tested its potential as antigen for the serologic diagnosis of F. hepatica infections by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The analyzed human sera included 16 ...
... as a fusion protein containing the proregion, supplied with six histidyl residues at the N-terminal end (rproCL1). In this study we tested its potential as antigen for the serologic diagnosis of F. hepatica infections by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The analyzed human sera included 16 ...
Question 9
... Option (A), lymphoma, is a plausible option, because lymphoma and sarcoidosis share similar symptoms such as insidious onset, fever, malaise, dyspnea, visceral involvement, and a widened mediastinum. However, the history of iritis and presence of erythema nodosum in a young African American woman ar ...
... Option (A), lymphoma, is a plausible option, because lymphoma and sarcoidosis share similar symptoms such as insidious onset, fever, malaise, dyspnea, visceral involvement, and a widened mediastinum. However, the history of iritis and presence of erythema nodosum in a young African American woman ar ...
Enzootic abortion of ewes (ovine chlamydiosis)
... abortus shares common antigens with C. pecorum and some Gram-negative bacteria, so that the CF test is not wholly specific, nor does it distinguish between responses to vaccination and to infection. Low CF titres need to be interpreted with caution, particularly if these are encountered in individua ...
... abortus shares common antigens with C. pecorum and some Gram-negative bacteria, so that the CF test is not wholly specific, nor does it distinguish between responses to vaccination and to infection. Low CF titres need to be interpreted with caution, particularly if these are encountered in individua ...
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.