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Examples of Spatial Diffusion: Disease Diffusion
Examples of Spatial Diffusion: Disease Diffusion

... infected with HIV moving into a new location. ...
Prions—Still a Mystery!
Prions—Still a Mystery!

... in January 1993 at almost 1,000 new cases per week. As of 2004, it was estimated that four million cattle were infected over the course of the BSE epidemic and there were 155 vCJD cases worldwide, all of whom have died. The only affected US resident, whose probable vCJD case was identified in 2002, ...
Bacterial Diseases of Banana
Bacterial Diseases of Banana

Pertussis - Jay School Corporation
Pertussis - Jay School Corporation

... Pertussis (whooping cough) and the vaccines available to prevent this serious illness. Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis is spread by infectious airborne droplets created when a person who is infected coughs or sneezes. Inf ...
here - Grant Wood AEA
here - Grant Wood AEA

... Body fluids are the source of contamination for most communicable diseases. The body fluids of all persons should be considered to contain potentially infectious agents. The term “body fluids” includes: blood; discharge from scrapes, cuts, and open wounds; semen, vaginal secretions; urine; feces; v ...
dvmzoo0602_036-39 Bart.r
dvmzoo0602_036-39 Bart.r

... most well-known form of bartonellosis, it represents only one of five distinct clinical syndromes associated with Bartonella spp. infection. (The other forms have been previously listed.) The number of reported cases of CSD reported each year varies between resources, ranging from 6,000 to 22,000 ne ...
Case # 1: Lumps and Bumps in the Spleen A: Splenic Infarcts 1 year
Case # 1: Lumps and Bumps in the Spleen A: Splenic Infarcts 1 year

... a. Moderate, multifocal, chronic, suppurative lymphadenitis 3. What is the common name for this condition? a. Caseous lymphadenitis 4. What is the most likely infectious agent that would produce this type of lesion? a. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis i. A small gram-positive rod and facultative i ...
Bovine Rhinotracheitis- Virus Diarrhea- Parainfluenza3
Bovine Rhinotracheitis- Virus Diarrhea- Parainfluenza3

... occur and have been shown to predispose cattle to secondary bacterial infections. Based on antibody prevalence, approxi­mately 2/3 of all herds, both beef and dairy, have been exposed. Exacerbation of clinical signs has been documented when concurrent BRSV and BVD or IBR infection exists. Diseases a ...
Quick Access Info Folder for Major Infectious Disease Emergencies
Quick Access Info Folder for Major Infectious Disease Emergencies

... Any unusual increase or clustering of patients presenting with clinical symptoms that suggest an infectious disease outbreak (e.g., greater than two patients presenting with an unexplained febrile illness associated with sepsis, pneumonia, adult respiratory distress, mediastinitis, rash or a botulis ...
Rat Bite Fever - Clinician`s Brief
Rat Bite Fever - Clinician`s Brief

... longer incubation periods (>3 weeks) have been reported.6 There is usually an abrupt onset of a high fever with headache, chills, vomiting, severe arthralgia, and myalgia. Fever may be relapsing and a rash typically develops, but there is usually no obvious abnormality at the site of the bite. Polya ...
Title Goes Here
Title Goes Here

... • Lives on objects for up to 2 days (most infectious – 8 hours) ...
Vaccines - e-Bug
Vaccines - e-Bug

... microbes that make us ill. In some cases, the vaccines are made from cells which are similar to, but not exact copies of, the microbe cells that make us ill. When the vaccine is injected into the body the immune system attacks it as if harmful microbes were attacking the body. The white blood cells ...
Measles information leaflet
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... NOT USE ASPIRIN IN CHILDREN UNDER 16 YEARS OF AGE. If a secondary infection develops then the doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat this e.g. an ear or chest infection. 2 – 6 weeks after the illness, a swab may be taken from the mouth of the infected person. This is to confirm if it was a defini ...
Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases department
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... Ebola Virus Disease Outbreaks • Prevent outbreaks in countries currently unaffected – Multi-faceted approach to strengthen preparedness of all countries for rapidly detect and response to an Ebola exposure, especially those sharing land borders with areas of active transmission and those with intern ...
Infection Control, Medical Asepsis, and Sterilization[1].
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... 2. The prodromal stage – itchy, runny nose, dry eyes, etc. 3. The peak stage – (clinical stage) the disease reaches its highest point of development. Ex. Severe aches, chills, vomiting, etc. 4. The recovery stage – symptoms have all but completely vanished; pathogen has been mostly eliminated. ...
Types of Blood Borne Pathogens
Types of Blood Borne Pathogens

... HIV attacks the body’s immune system weakening it so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases. AIDS is a fatal disease, and while treatment for it is improving, there is no known cure The HIV virus is very fragile and will not survive very long outside of the human body. It is primarily of concern ...
Pepino Mosaic Virus of Greenhouse Tomatoes
Pepino Mosaic Virus of Greenhouse Tomatoes

... Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a member of genus Potexvirus which infects mainly solanaceous plants, including tomato, potato and tobacco. It was originally detected on pepino plants (Solanum muricatum) in Peru in 1974. Since then, the virus was first reported on greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon escu ...
Volume 26 - No 9: Histoplasma capsulatum
Volume 26 - No 9: Histoplasma capsulatum

... can be blunted. Additionally, the organisms are often difficult to appreciate on routine hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue. Therefore, in cases where there is a high clinical suspicion of an infectious etiology, tissue sections should be silver stained (Gomori methenamine silver, GMS) to highligh ...
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... Because in its early stages Ebola can be confused with Malaria or Yellow Fever, many health care workers unwittingly caught the disease when treating patients. The severe impact on the region’s fragile health care caused an increase in deaths from preventable diseases have risen. In the recent outbr ...
HLA Disease Associations
HLA Disease Associations

... Celiac disease is an autoimmune reaction against gluten which is an ingredient of different cereals. If not diagnosed early this leads to chronic inflammation and destruction of the small intestine. Celiac disease is strongly associated with the DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 and DQA1*03-DQB1*0302 haplotype. A ...
The Diocesan Harvest Appeal for 2015/16 MLN (Maize Lethal
The Diocesan Harvest Appeal for 2015/16 MLN (Maize Lethal

... schemes is one way in which the Church is playing its part in rebuilding communities, local economies and preventing hunger, which are recovering from the Ebola outbreak. Ebola came as Sierra Leone and Liberia were struggling to recover from civil wars. Frightened farmers stopped growing crops, mark ...
Opportunistic Infections in HIV Disease
Opportunistic Infections in HIV Disease

... In good health all his life MSM; sexually active without protection Abruptly develops fever, chills, a reddish rash on the skin, a very sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in his neck, intense headache made worse by light, nausea and vomiting ...
How to Investigate a Disease Outbreak
How to Investigate a Disease Outbreak

... Solving a disease outbreak can be a difficult challenge. With serious illnesses or widespread disease, emotions run high because of the personal and financial commitments most owners have to their horses. The systematic approach described here brings order to a potentially chaotic situation, decreas ...
Biological Clinical Guidelines
Biological Clinical Guidelines

... need to open their fixed decontamination room if there is a concern that the biological agent may still be on the victims’ clothing or skin. Since the victims are not suffering further injuries as they would be in the event of a caustic chemical, there is no immediate urgency in completing the decon ...
poliomyelitis - scienceandindustrie
poliomyelitis - scienceandindustrie

... Types of paralysis Different types of paralysis can occur depending on the part of the body they affect.  Spinal polio: causes asimetric paralysis and mainly ...
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Leptospirosis



Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.
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