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OUTBREAKS-What’s next, what’s now.
OUTBREAKS-What’s next, what’s now.

6512 Page 1 of 2
6512 Page 1 of 2

... infectious material. The District shall maintain a list of job descriptions in which employees have reasonably anticipated exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material. * Potentially infectious human body fluids are blood, semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, ...
4. - Tufts
4. - Tufts

... next unit. For example the deer tick that causes Lyme disease in humans has no effects on the deer or the ticks. ■■ The major treatment for cholera is oral rehydration with a solution of salt, sugar and water to replace the electrolytes lost. This relatively simple treatment could potentially save m ...
Prions and the like
Prions and the like

... the food chain. A more complete understanding of the species barrier might have been able to prevent variant CreutzfeldtJakob disease. Differences in incubation time and neuropathology can also occur when PrPSc in the inoculum and host PrPC have identical amino acid sequences. They result from the e ...
Viral meningitis
Viral meningitis

... variety of different viruses. It is a complication of having another viral illness – most commonly, the result of a viral gastrointestinal infection. Viral meningitis is fairly common, and is different to bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is uncommon but is very serious and requires prompt ...
this PDF file - The Southwest Respiratory and Critical
this PDF file - The Southwest Respiratory and Critical

... as a leading cause is even more significant in nonWestern nations, where tuberculosis accounts for up to 50% of cases in some countries.2 In some cases nosocomial fever occurs in postoperative patients after the release of cytokines and interleukins from tissue injury and not infection.6 In a prospe ...
Fax: (760) 750-3208
Fax: (760) 750-3208

... fluids poses a significant health risk because these may contain bloodborne pathogens such as: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Bloodborne Hepatitis Viruses Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses (Ebola, Marburg, etc.) The greatest occupational exposure potential for the laboratory worker is a puncture wound from a ...
Unit E Master Outline
Unit E Master Outline

... Transmission by: 1. Sex with someone who is HIV positive 2. Sharing needles with infected IV drug users 3. At birth from infected mother Cannot be spread by: 1. Casual contact 2. Through air, feces, food, urine or water 3. Coughing, sneezing, embracing, shaking hands and sharing eating utensils Prev ...
Subject 1
Subject 1

... Laos, National Veterinary Research Institute (NaVRI) Background Anthropogenic activities, such as wildlife trade and land conversion for agriculture, are recognized as drivers of zoonotic disease emergence. Cambodia is a key source, conduit, and consumer of wildlife. In the past decade, the country ...
Beyond Malaria — Causes of Fever in Outpatient Tanzanian Children
Beyond Malaria — Causes of Fever in Outpatient Tanzanian Children

... or higher were screened for study inclusion; those who had severe malnutrition or were categorized as having emergency signs (requiring immediate livesaving procedures) according to the WHO Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment criteria20 were excluded. Infants younger than 2 months of age were ...
Quantification of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Transmission Rates
Quantification of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Transmission Rates

... the origin of some of the observed variation. It is, therefore, strongly advised to design animal transmission experiments that mimic natural in-field conditions as closely as possible. For instance, in this communication the experimentally infected sheep were most likely over-challenged resulting i ...
Simulation modeling as an exotic livestock disease disaster
Simulation modeling as an exotic livestock disease disaster

... Simulation modeling . . . per hour. In a 24-h day we’ve got about 20 to 24 animals that can be infected by one infectious individual. It’s not really that far off on an assumption for foot-and-mouth disease because it’s the most contagious disease there is. But what does this mean as far as the her ...
common disease conditions diagnosed in smallholder and pet pigs
common disease conditions diagnosed in smallholder and pet pigs

... seen much earlier (especially 1-3 weeks-old) than in other species. Weaning later on smallholder units can help reduce the risk of periweaning colibacillosis. Laboratory diagnosis of enteric disease is useful to determine treatment and prevention measures. Respiratory disease: Respiratory diseases a ...
Lesson Plan CH22
Lesson Plan CH22

... patients, health care professionals, and visitors in an ambulatory care setting. Medical assistants who are in contact with patients and participate in medical and surgical procedures in the course of their workday must observe infection control techniques to achieve medical and surgical asepsis. Me ...
Disease name
Disease name

... Name of disease (or topic) for which you are a designated OIE Reference Laboratory: Address of laboratory: ...
Tick bites: First aid
Tick bites: First aid

20. Blood-borne Pathogens Control Plan
20. Blood-borne Pathogens Control Plan

... membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee’s duties. mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an empl ...
Pneumonic Plague
Pneumonic Plague

... developing pneumonia with shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, and sometimes bloody or watery sputum. The pneumonia progresses for 2 to 4 days and may cause respiratory failure and shock. Without early treatment, patients may die. Treatment Early treatment of pneumonic plague is essential. To red ...
Fact sheet West Nile virus (Eng)
Fact sheet West Nile virus (Eng)

... Recovery - rapid in children but slow in adults - is complete but it is often accompanied by long-term muscle pain and weakness. Less than 1% of infected persons present with severe symptoms, such as meningitis or encephalitis. The case- ...
EBV Disease Post-Renal Transplant and PTLD
EBV Disease Post-Renal Transplant and PTLD

... • CMV post-transplant infection: evidence of CMV replication regardless of symptoms. • CMV post-transplant disease: evidence of CMV infection with attributable symptoms. Can be further characterized as either a viral syndrome with fever and/or malaise, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia or as tissue invas ...
Session 16 - Teaching Slides
Session 16 - Teaching Slides

... • Abnormal CSF: IV or IM benzyl penicillin 50,000 U/kg/ day divided twice per day x 10 days, or procaine penicillin G 50.000 U/kg/day x 10 days ...
Veterinarians In Biomedical Research
Veterinarians In Biomedical Research

... What contributions do these veterinarians make to animal and human health? Veterinarians in research seek better ways to prevent, diagnose and treat animal and human health problems. They study many diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease using laboratory animals that are carefully bred, ...
Fact Sheet: Trichinosis - Southern Nevada Health District
Fact Sheet: Trichinosis - Southern Nevada Health District

... Who gets trichinosis? Anyone can get trichinosis if they eat raw or undercooked pork and wild game products infected with Trichinella. Infection occurs worldwide, but is most common in areas where raw or undercooked pork, such as ham or sausage, is eaten. How is trichinosis spread? You get trichinos ...
Biosecurity – Preventing disease in poultry
Biosecurity – Preventing disease in poultry

... To the poultry industry…. protecting poultry flocks from any type of infectious agent - viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic ...
OSTRICH VIRAL DISEASES 2000-2004 References from the
OSTRICH VIRAL DISEASES 2000-2004 References from the

... poultry vaccines can stimulate protective immunity lasting over six months. The viraemic period in vaccinated slaughter ostriches is between nine and eleven days and there are no indications of a carrier state or presence of the virus in the meat or any other tissues after this period, with peak imm ...
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Leptospirosis



Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.
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