Epidemiologic concepts for the prevention and control
... 6. Reduce prevalence of infectious sources (identify and control infectious sources) 7. Reduce duration of infectiousness (treatment, vaccination) 8. Increase herd immunity (vaccination) Center for Infectious Disease Preparedness UC Berkeley School of Public Health www.idready.org ...
... 6. Reduce prevalence of infectious sources (identify and control infectious sources) 7. Reduce duration of infectiousness (treatment, vaccination) 8. Increase herd immunity (vaccination) Center for Infectious Disease Preparedness UC Berkeley School of Public Health www.idready.org ...
Prions (bovine spongiform encephalopathy)
... brain via both the sympathetic (e.g. splanchnic nerve) and parasympathetic (e.g. vagus nerve) nervous systems (Cobb and Surewicz 2009). Involvement of GALT is less extensive in BSE than in ovine scrapie (van Keulen et al. 2008). It has been proposed that orally acquired prion diseases can also reach ...
... brain via both the sympathetic (e.g. splanchnic nerve) and parasympathetic (e.g. vagus nerve) nervous systems (Cobb and Surewicz 2009). Involvement of GALT is less extensive in BSE than in ovine scrapie (van Keulen et al. 2008). It has been proposed that orally acquired prion diseases can also reach ...
bovine spongiform encephalopathy - Food Standards Australia New
... brain via both the sympathetic (e.g. splanchnic nerve) and parasympathetic (e.g. vagus nerve) nervous systems (Cobb and Surewicz 2009). Involvement of GALT is less extensive in BSE than in ovine scrapie (van Keulen et al. 2008). It has been proposed that orally acquired prion diseases can also reach ...
... brain via both the sympathetic (e.g. splanchnic nerve) and parasympathetic (e.g. vagus nerve) nervous systems (Cobb and Surewicz 2009). Involvement of GALT is less extensive in BSE than in ovine scrapie (van Keulen et al. 2008). It has been proposed that orally acquired prion diseases can also reach ...
Care Certificate workbook
... can cause infection, illness and disease. Examples include bacteria and viruses. The second link is the reservoir or source. This is where pathogens live and multiply. Remember, that could be in or on a person or animal (host), or in soil or water or food. The third link is the means of exit. This i ...
... can cause infection, illness and disease. Examples include bacteria and viruses. The second link is the reservoir or source. This is where pathogens live and multiply. Remember, that could be in or on a person or animal (host), or in soil or water or food. The third link is the means of exit. This i ...
ENA Topic Brief: Ebola Virus Disease
... monkeys and other nonhuman primates, causing them to serve as hosts. It is believed that humans become infected either by direct contact with infected bats or through the handling of live or dead infected animals.10 In regions of Africa, increasing human-to-animal contact such as through the consump ...
... monkeys and other nonhuman primates, causing them to serve as hosts. It is believed that humans become infected either by direct contact with infected bats or through the handling of live or dead infected animals.10 In regions of Africa, increasing human-to-animal contact such as through the consump ...
Mycoplasma Species Information Sheet
... microorganisms that lack a bacterial cell wall and can be cultured from various locations on both sick and healthy cattle. Several species can cause mastitis, including M. bovis (most common species cultured from the udder; commensal of the respiratory tract), M. alkalescens (commonly cultured from ...
... microorganisms that lack a bacterial cell wall and can be cultured from various locations on both sick and healthy cattle. Several species can cause mastitis, including M. bovis (most common species cultured from the udder; commensal of the respiratory tract), M. alkalescens (commonly cultured from ...
Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings
... other health care safety issues. In addition to issuing recommendations and regulations some have regulatory roles and others are advisory. These agencies can serve as an excellent resource for information and educational materials. ...
... other health care safety issues. In addition to issuing recommendations and regulations some have regulatory roles and others are advisory. These agencies can serve as an excellent resource for information and educational materials. ...
Journal of Epidemiology
... frustration of finding such low order associations with individual factors. However, it is quite conceivable that these may still be important when considered together with other possible etiological factors. Of course, such a possibility makes investigative life a bit more difficult. As many of you ...
... frustration of finding such low order associations with individual factors. However, it is quite conceivable that these may still be important when considered together with other possible etiological factors. Of course, such a possibility makes investigative life a bit more difficult. As many of you ...
Infectious Disease and Personal Protection Techniques for Infection
... updated regularly. On the form, inclusion of patient views about the place cleanliness where they had received medical and dental treatment is useful. The history and examination may not reveal asymptomatic infectious disease. This means operator must obey the same infection control rules for all pa ...
... updated regularly. On the form, inclusion of patient views about the place cleanliness where they had received medical and dental treatment is useful. The history and examination may not reveal asymptomatic infectious disease. This means operator must obey the same infection control rules for all pa ...
Infections in Diabetics
... • Certain infections in Diabetics require more Hospitalisation days than other Diabetic complications • In U.S.A. > 60% Major Amputations as complication of D.M. ...
... • Certain infections in Diabetics require more Hospitalisation days than other Diabetic complications • In U.S.A. > 60% Major Amputations as complication of D.M. ...
Dysuria, frequency
... • 37-year-old female patient • Experienced vesical irritability for 5 yrs. Five years ago she had the symptom every 3 to 4 months, which was released by the antibiotics every time. • In recent 2 years, vescial irritability did not disturb her any more, but she felt mild dull pain on her left lumbar ...
... • 37-year-old female patient • Experienced vesical irritability for 5 yrs. Five years ago she had the symptom every 3 to 4 months, which was released by the antibiotics every time. • In recent 2 years, vescial irritability did not disturb her any more, but she felt mild dull pain on her left lumbar ...
Biosecurity (Prohibited and Conditionally Non
... It is important that the subordinate legislation, which is currently focussed on trade risks, captures the gamut of biosecurity risks which affect a jurisdiction. When does an Appropriate Level of Protection (ALOP) take into consideration brand image, tourism, hospitality or regional economies of sc ...
... It is important that the subordinate legislation, which is currently focussed on trade risks, captures the gamut of biosecurity risks which affect a jurisdiction. When does an Appropriate Level of Protection (ALOP) take into consideration brand image, tourism, hospitality or regional economies of sc ...
The Respiratory System
... When you inhale: your rib muscles and diaphragm contract. The diaphragm moves downward, and the ribs are pulled upward and outward. This action enlarges the chest cavity, creating lower pressure in the lungs. Air rushes into the lungs to equalize the pressure between the lungs and the outside enviro ...
... When you inhale: your rib muscles and diaphragm contract. The diaphragm moves downward, and the ribs are pulled upward and outward. This action enlarges the chest cavity, creating lower pressure in the lungs. Air rushes into the lungs to equalize the pressure between the lungs and the outside enviro ...
Diseases of the Urinary Tract
... B) Gonorrhea (“clap”) 1) Caused by Neisseria gonorrheae – also known as the gonococcus 2) Number of reported cases has greatly reduced since the 1970s (more than 1 million down to less than 350,000) ...
... B) Gonorrhea (“clap”) 1) Caused by Neisseria gonorrheae – also known as the gonococcus 2) Number of reported cases has greatly reduced since the 1970s (more than 1 million down to less than 350,000) ...
Respiratory Disease and Types of Pneumonia
... the same micro-organism that is causing the pulmonary pathology. Inflammation and damage to the pleural surface will result in accumulation of excessive amounts of exudative pleural fluid (pleural effusion), and the deposition of variable amounts of fibrin on pleural surfaces. Often large masses or ...
... the same micro-organism that is causing the pulmonary pathology. Inflammation and damage to the pleural surface will result in accumulation of excessive amounts of exudative pleural fluid (pleural effusion), and the deposition of variable amounts of fibrin on pleural surfaces. Often large masses or ...
Immunology - FeLV - Prestige Animal Hospital
... infectious agents that can be spread to humans with weakened immune systems (such as individuals with HIV/AIDS, people undergoing chemotherapy treatments, etc.). Therefore, cats with feline leukemia infection should be monitored closely for any symptoms of illness and should be evaluated promptly if ...
... infectious agents that can be spread to humans with weakened immune systems (such as individuals with HIV/AIDS, people undergoing chemotherapy treatments, etc.). Therefore, cats with feline leukemia infection should be monitored closely for any symptoms of illness and should be evaluated promptly if ...
Disulfiram-induced Acute Liver Failure
... • Review of systems without chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, or abdominal pain. • Last drink was the evening prior to presentation • No acetaminophen use • Disulfiram 500mg daily started 10 days prior to presentation as an alcohol cessation tool ...
... • Review of systems without chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, or abdominal pain. • Last drink was the evening prior to presentation • No acetaminophen use • Disulfiram 500mg daily started 10 days prior to presentation as an alcohol cessation tool ...
the spotty book - Pinhoe Pre
... when visibly dirty. Standard detergent and warm water is ideal for cleaning. During outbreaks disinfection after and in addition to cleaning should be considered using a hypochlorite disinfectant such as Milton (follow instructions on the bottle). Nappy changing: The nappy changing area should be cl ...
... when visibly dirty. Standard detergent and warm water is ideal for cleaning. During outbreaks disinfection after and in addition to cleaning should be considered using a hypochlorite disinfectant such as Milton (follow instructions on the bottle). Nappy changing: The nappy changing area should be cl ...
Tularaemia and Australian Wildlife May 2017
... disease is two to ten days in sensitive species ((Mörner and Addison 2001). Mass mortalities may be seen. ...
... disease is two to ten days in sensitive species ((Mörner and Addison 2001). Mass mortalities may be seen. ...
3rd-symposium
... • Neighboring of Nigeria were LF is endemic • Migration : human • Movement : animals ...
... • Neighboring of Nigeria were LF is endemic • Migration : human • Movement : animals ...
Environmental Infectious Disease Management in
... Dr. Andrew Streifel, University of Minnesota A Webber Training Teleclass Refinements of Environmental Assessment During an Outbreak Investigation of ...
... Dr. Andrew Streifel, University of Minnesota A Webber Training Teleclass Refinements of Environmental Assessment During an Outbreak Investigation of ...
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.