MR Imaging of the Cranial Meninges with Emphasis on Contrast
... MR imaging was used to investigate normal and abnormal meningeal enhancement, with an emphasis on meningeal carcinomatosis. Three groups of patients were studied on a 1.5-T system. In group 1, the normal meninges were examined in 20 patients and were found to show fine linear enhancement in short se ...
... MR imaging was used to investigate normal and abnormal meningeal enhancement, with an emphasis on meningeal carcinomatosis. Three groups of patients were studied on a 1.5-T system. In group 1, the normal meninges were examined in 20 patients and were found to show fine linear enhancement in short se ...
Unusual Arachnoid Cyst of the Quadrigeminal Cistern in an Adult
... Carotid angiography may confirm the extent of the hydrocephalus. The perimesencephalic segments of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and cisternal segments of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) are splayed out, and the PCA is displaced upward and the SCA downward. The choroidal loop of the poste ...
... Carotid angiography may confirm the extent of the hydrocephalus. The perimesencephalic segments of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and cisternal segments of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) are splayed out, and the PCA is displaced upward and the SCA downward. The choroidal loop of the poste ...
Locomotion Evoked by Stimulation of the Brain Stem in the Atlantic
... volume of Fast green (10% w/v) was injected into the opposite side of the brain.The maximalspreadof Fast green detectable was determined during subsequent histological processing. Typically, chemical stimulation was attempted at a maximum of8-I 2 sites per animal to minimize tissue damage due to the ...
... volume of Fast green (10% w/v) was injected into the opposite side of the brain.The maximalspreadof Fast green detectable was determined during subsequent histological processing. Typically, chemical stimulation was attempted at a maximum of8-I 2 sites per animal to minimize tissue damage due to the ...
Limit of Imaging
... presents to the Surgery C/O headache for the past few months. She describes the headache as the band like around her head. The headache increase in intensity towards the evening times. It relieved by taking Paracetamol for some times but it recurs .She mentioned that the headache is progressive thro ...
... presents to the Surgery C/O headache for the past few months. She describes the headache as the band like around her head. The headache increase in intensity towards the evening times. It relieved by taking Paracetamol for some times but it recurs .She mentioned that the headache is progressive thro ...
Journal of Child Neurology
... present with later onset, and the course is more insidious. Some children sit but never walk, whereas others show delayed walking but may be able to maintain walking until adult years. For the purpose of clinical care and discussion, individuals manifesting different levels of weakness due to spinal ...
... present with later onset, and the course is more insidious. Some children sit but never walk, whereas others show delayed walking but may be able to maintain walking until adult years. For the purpose of clinical care and discussion, individuals manifesting different levels of weakness due to spinal ...
1 Chiari Malformation: A Literature Review Jessica Heithoff
... Chiari Malformation treatment is dependent upon the individual’s symptoms. Patients with Chiari Malformation that do not experience symptoms are often not treated at all. Conservative treatments such as pain medications, massage therapy or activity reduction are usually suffice in individuals with m ...
... Chiari Malformation treatment is dependent upon the individual’s symptoms. Patients with Chiari Malformation that do not experience symptoms are often not treated at all. Conservative treatments such as pain medications, massage therapy or activity reduction are usually suffice in individuals with m ...
1 Chiari Malformation: A Literature Review Jessica Heithoff
... Chiari Malformation treatment is dependent upon the individual’s symptoms. Patients with Chiari Malformation that do not experience symptoms are often not treated at all. Conservative treatments such as pain medications, massage therapy or activity reduction are usually suffice in individuals with m ...
... Chiari Malformation treatment is dependent upon the individual’s symptoms. Patients with Chiari Malformation that do not experience symptoms are often not treated at all. Conservative treatments such as pain medications, massage therapy or activity reduction are usually suffice in individuals with m ...
NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS TECHNICAL
... contouring can be difficult.9 The technique lowers the pseudarthrosis rate of long fusions to the sacrum10 but it is also associated with a moderate incidence of loosening secondary to micromotion at the rod tips within the ilium, despite lumbosacral fusion.11 Radiographically, this is described as ...
... contouring can be difficult.9 The technique lowers the pseudarthrosis rate of long fusions to the sacrum10 but it is also associated with a moderate incidence of loosening secondary to micromotion at the rod tips within the ilium, despite lumbosacral fusion.11 Radiographically, this is described as ...
CEREBRAL HERNIATION
... In uncal herniation, a common subtype of transtentorial herniation, the innermost part of the temporal lobe, the uncus, can be squeezed so much that it moves towards the tentorium and puts pressure on the brainstem, most notably the midbrain.The tentorium is a structure within the skull formed by th ...
... In uncal herniation, a common subtype of transtentorial herniation, the innermost part of the temporal lobe, the uncus, can be squeezed so much that it moves towards the tentorium and puts pressure on the brainstem, most notably the midbrain.The tentorium is a structure within the skull formed by th ...
- Clinical Microbiology and Infection
... throughout the world. In the past decades the epidemiology and treatment strategies for community-acquired bacterial meningitis have significantly changed [1–3]. First, the introduction of conjugate vaccines in Europe resulted in the virtual disappearance of Haemophilus influenzae type b, while conjug ...
... throughout the world. In the past decades the epidemiology and treatment strategies for community-acquired bacterial meningitis have significantly changed [1–3]. First, the introduction of conjugate vaccines in Europe resulted in the virtual disappearance of Haemophilus influenzae type b, while conjug ...
HEADACHE - SBH Peds Res
... Personality change: crying, rocking, holding head, decreased activity/eating in younger children; withdrawal in older children What does the child/adolescent think is causing the headache? Prior treatment: response to past treatment, frequency of use of over-the-counter or prescription medications, ...
... Personality change: crying, rocking, holding head, decreased activity/eating in younger children; withdrawal in older children What does the child/adolescent think is causing the headache? Prior treatment: response to past treatment, frequency of use of over-the-counter or prescription medications, ...
New trends in glaucoma risk, diagnosis & management Review Article
... age group, CSF pressure in 80-84 yr olds was reduced by 20.4 per cent and 33.5 per cent in 85-89 yr olds5. The decline in CSF pressure observed from 50 years onwards appears to mirror increasing glaucoma risk beyond this age. The same group also reported that CSF pressure increases proportionate t ...
... age group, CSF pressure in 80-84 yr olds was reduced by 20.4 per cent and 33.5 per cent in 85-89 yr olds5. The decline in CSF pressure observed from 50 years onwards appears to mirror increasing glaucoma risk beyond this age. The same group also reported that CSF pressure increases proportionate t ...
imaging in multiple sclerosis
... certainly had posterior hemispheric white matter demyelination caused by MS or adrenoleucodystrophy. Monophasic ADEM is not uncommon in children, and occasionally occurs in adults although much less frequently than MS. We doubt that recurrent ADEM exists in adults as an entity separate from MS and a ...
... certainly had posterior hemispheric white matter demyelination caused by MS or adrenoleucodystrophy. Monophasic ADEM is not uncommon in children, and occasionally occurs in adults although much less frequently than MS. We doubt that recurrent ADEM exists in adults as an entity separate from MS and a ...
ICP management - Boston Medical Center
... Hyperventilation should be limited to life threatening situations (herniation) for preferably less than 20 minutes as a temporizing measure only. Recommendation: A. Maintain SaO2 > 94%, PaO2 > 60 mm Hg B. Maintain PaCO2 35-40 mmHg SECTION E. CORRECT ARTERIAL HYPOTENSION Rationale: Hypotension is one ...
... Hyperventilation should be limited to life threatening situations (herniation) for preferably less than 20 minutes as a temporizing measure only. Recommendation: A. Maintain SaO2 > 94%, PaO2 > 60 mm Hg B. Maintain PaCO2 35-40 mmHg SECTION E. CORRECT ARTERIAL HYPOTENSION Rationale: Hypotension is one ...
Spinal Cord Injury
... Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix ...
... Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix ...
Drug Update Management of Intracranial Hypertension: Focus on Pharmacologic Strategies
... For many years, the mainstay of hyperosmotic therapy for elevated ICP was mannitol, with the use of hypertonic saline becoming more prevalent recently. Several comparative studies have been done with these 2 agents with inconclusive results; no evidence supports one therapy over the other.5–9 Each p ...
... For many years, the mainstay of hyperosmotic therapy for elevated ICP was mannitol, with the use of hypertonic saline becoming more prevalent recently. Several comparative studies have been done with these 2 agents with inconclusive results; no evidence supports one therapy over the other.5–9 Each p ...
Granulomatous Meningoencephalomyelitis in Dogs
... with accumulation of pigment and adhesions to the underlying choroid may also occur.13,14 Occasionally, classic perivascular lesions may extend into the sclera.15,17 The origin of inflammatory cells in GME is controversial. These cells may result from the migration of blood-derived inflammatory cell ...
... with accumulation of pigment and adhesions to the underlying choroid may also occur.13,14 Occasionally, classic perivascular lesions may extend into the sclera.15,17 The origin of inflammatory cells in GME is controversial. These cells may result from the migration of blood-derived inflammatory cell ...
Neurology Fact Sheet ACVIM Fact Sheet: Encephalitis Overview
... Even though any form of encephalitis can be rapidly life threatening, the prognosis is often good if identified early and treated aggressively. Overall, prognosis for encephalitis is variable, and depends on the underlying cause of the inflammation. “GME” stands for granulomatous meningoencephalomye ...
... Even though any form of encephalitis can be rapidly life threatening, the prognosis is often good if identified early and treated aggressively. Overall, prognosis for encephalitis is variable, and depends on the underlying cause of the inflammation. “GME” stands for granulomatous meningoencephalomye ...
"Time out" immediately before starting the procedure JCAHO
... Ask: “How much fluid is collected?” Answer: “3 – 4 ml” 16. If no fluid seen, examinee states they would back needle out to the subcutaneous tissue, changed angle and re-advanced the needle. 17. Stylette placed into needle. Placed gauze over puncture site and removed needle. (Must use gauze every tim ...
... Ask: “How much fluid is collected?” Answer: “3 – 4 ml” 16. If no fluid seen, examinee states they would back needle out to the subcutaneous tissue, changed angle and re-advanced the needle. 17. Stylette placed into needle. Placed gauze over puncture site and removed needle. (Must use gauze every tim ...
spinal injury assessment
... The use of spinal immobilisation devices may be difficult (for example in people with short or wide necks, or people with a pre-existing deformity) and could be counterproductive (for example increasing pain, worsening neurological signs and symptoms). In uncooperative, agitated or distressed people ...
... The use of spinal immobilisation devices may be difficult (for example in people with short or wide necks, or people with a pre-existing deformity) and could be counterproductive (for example increasing pain, worsening neurological signs and symptoms). In uncooperative, agitated or distressed people ...
Endovascular Treatment of Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous
... of the facial vein at the base of the mandible bone has also been used to reach the cavernous sinus [12]. In our case, transarterial embolization and transfemoral transvenous approaches had failed. After analysis of the venous drainage of the fistulas, the left facial vein was the major drainage vei ...
... of the facial vein at the base of the mandible bone has also been used to reach the cavernous sinus [12]. In our case, transarterial embolization and transfemoral transvenous approaches had failed. After analysis of the venous drainage of the fistulas, the left facial vein was the major drainage vei ...
What the pediatric lateral ventricles tell us.
... The posterior horn of lateral ventricle or occipital horn, passes into the occipital lobe. Its direction is backward and lateral, and then medial ward. Its roof is formed by the fibers of the corpus callosum passing to the temporal and occipital lobes. On its medial wall is a longitudinal eminence, ...
... The posterior horn of lateral ventricle or occipital horn, passes into the occipital lobe. Its direction is backward and lateral, and then medial ward. Its roof is formed by the fibers of the corpus callosum passing to the temporal and occipital lobes. On its medial wall is a longitudinal eminence, ...
Acute Management of Autonomic Dysreflexia
... utonomic dysreflexia (AD), with its sudden and severe rise in blood pressure, is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur in anyone with a spinal cord injury (SCI) at or above thoracic level six (T6). The resolution of AD requires quick and decisive treatment. Spinal cord medicine hea ...
... utonomic dysreflexia (AD), with its sudden and severe rise in blood pressure, is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur in anyone with a spinal cord injury (SCI) at or above thoracic level six (T6). The resolution of AD requires quick and decisive treatment. Spinal cord medicine hea ...
The UK joint specialist societies guideline on
... viral meningitis, are written in accordance with the AGREE 2 tool and recommendations graded according to the GRADE system. Main changes from the original statement include the indications for pre-hospital antibiotics, timing of the lumbar puncture and the indications for neuroimaging. The list of i ...
... viral meningitis, are written in accordance with the AGREE 2 tool and recommendations graded according to the GRADE system. Main changes from the original statement include the indications for pre-hospital antibiotics, timing of the lumbar puncture and the indications for neuroimaging. The list of i ...
Lumbar puncture
A lumbar puncture (or LP, and colloquially known as a spinal tap) is a diagnostic and at times therapeutic medical procedure. Diagnostically it is used to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to confirm or exclude conditions such as meningitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage and it may be used in diagnosis of other conditions. Increased intracranial pressure is a contraindication, due to risk of cerebellar tonsils herniation. Under some circumstances, lumbar puncture cannot be performed safely (e.g. a severe bleeding tendency). It is regarded as a safe procedure, but post-dural-puncture headache is common.The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia and aseptic technique. A needle is used to access the subarachnoid space and fluid collected. Fluid may be sent for biochemical, microbiological, and cytological analysis.Lumbar puncture was first introduced in 1891 by the German physician Heinrich Quincke.