feb 116: fundamentals of computing assignment
... define the problem and constraints that need to be satisfied. Fourth generation are mainly used in data processing and database handling applications, while fifth generation are mostly used for problem solving in AI field. ...
... define the problem and constraints that need to be satisfied. Fourth generation are mainly used in data processing and database handling applications, while fifth generation are mostly used for problem solving in AI field. ...
pptx
... ASIC, off-the-shelf processor, FPGA • These three categories are pretty straightforward and mostly non-overlapping. – An ASIC is an Application Specific Integrated Circuit. • You are “spinning” a chip designed specifically for your application. • Manufacturing costs are a bit difficult to figure out ...
... ASIC, off-the-shelf processor, FPGA • These three categories are pretty straightforward and mostly non-overlapping. – An ASIC is an Application Specific Integrated Circuit. • You are “spinning” a chip designed specifically for your application. • Manufacturing costs are a bit difficult to figure out ...
Storage Devices and Media – Part 1
... Types of Memory There are two main types of memory. These are: o RAM (Random Access Memory); o ROM (Read Only Memory). Random Access Memory Random Access Memory is the part of the computer’s memory where programs and data are stored when they are being used. When the computer is switched on, ...
... Types of Memory There are two main types of memory. These are: o RAM (Random Access Memory); o ROM (Read Only Memory). Random Access Memory Random Access Memory is the part of the computer’s memory where programs and data are stored when they are being used. When the computer is switched on, ...
Overview - Computing Science
... Power on, then? -> Electric signal -> CPU will start executing instructions from a particularly fixed address. ...
... Power on, then? -> Electric signal -> CPU will start executing instructions from a particularly fixed address. ...
Computer Science I CS 1621
... – magnetic/optical disks or tapes permanently store programs in “files” ...
... – magnetic/optical disks or tapes permanently store programs in “files” ...
PPT - School of Computer Science
... These slides constitute the lecture notes that I (Rob Dempster) prepared to deliver for the COMP718 module (Special Topics ~ Concurrent Programming) at UKZN (PMB Campus) during semester 1, 2010. The presentation of the module is based on the prescribed text: Concurrent Programming in Java ~ Design P ...
... These slides constitute the lecture notes that I (Rob Dempster) prepared to deliver for the COMP718 module (Special Topics ~ Concurrent Programming) at UKZN (PMB Campus) during semester 1, 2010. The presentation of the module is based on the prescribed text: Concurrent Programming in Java ~ Design P ...
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Computers and C++
... 1.7 History of C • C – Evolved by Ritchie from two previous programming languages, BCPL and B – Used to develop UNIX – Used to write modern operating systems – Hardware independent (portable) – By late 1970's C had evolved to "Traditional C" ...
... 1.7 History of C • C – Evolved by Ritchie from two previous programming languages, BCPL and B – Used to develop UNIX – Used to write modern operating systems – Hardware independent (portable) – By late 1970's C had evolved to "Traditional C" ...
Introduction
... translation is not a separate user step from execution translation and execution occur “line at a time” sometimes said to be “on-line,” i.e. at run time The difference between compiling (or assembling) and interpreting a ...
... translation is not a separate user step from execution translation and execution occur “line at a time” sometimes said to be “on-line,” i.e. at run time The difference between compiling (or assembling) and interpreting a ...
feb 116: fundamentals of computing.
... Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. ...
... Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. ...
1-Introduction. Computing machines have been around for a long
... work. Companies such as IBM®, Burroughs® and Univac® built large mainframe computers. The IBM 360 family is a representative example of the mainframe computer of the day. Also at this time, Xerox® was carrying out some pioneering work on the human/computer interface at their Palo Alto Research Cente ...
... work. Companies such as IBM®, Burroughs® and Univac® built large mainframe computers. The IBM 360 family is a representative example of the mainframe computer of the day. Also at this time, Xerox® was carrying out some pioneering work on the human/computer interface at their Palo Alto Research Cente ...
Concurrent Programming
... Can be used for mutual exclusion • Two threads may share an object. • If one calls a synchronized method, this locks object. • If the other calls a synchronized method on same object, this thread blocks until object is unlocked. ...
... Can be used for mutual exclusion • Two threads may share an object. • If one calls a synchronized method, this locks object. • If the other calls a synchronized method on same object, this thread blocks until object is unlocked. ...
The Five Generations of Computers
... Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. ...
... Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. ...
Slide 1
... main: a special name that indicates where the program must begin execution. It is a special function. first statement: calls a routine named printf, with argument the string of characters “Programming is fun \n” last statement: finishes execution of main and returns to the system a status value of 0 ...
... main: a special name that indicates where the program must begin execution. It is a special function. first statement: calls a routine named printf, with argument the string of characters “Programming is fun \n” last statement: finishes execution of main and returns to the system a status value of 0 ...
b.sc computer science honours syllabus under
... Thumb Instruction Set: The Thumb bit in the CPSR, The thumb programmer’s model, thumb branch instructions, thumb software interrupt instructions, thumb data processing instructions, thumb single register data transfer instruction, thumb multiple register data transfer instructions, thumb breakpoint ...
... Thumb Instruction Set: The Thumb bit in the CPSR, The thumb programmer’s model, thumb branch instructions, thumb software interrupt instructions, thumb data processing instructions, thumb single register data transfer instruction, thumb multiple register data transfer instructions, thumb breakpoint ...
C Program - UniMAP Portal
... Application software : performs specific tasks There are two types: ...
... Application software : performs specific tasks There are two types: ...
Programming Languages Lecture 3: Functional
... • Changing values makes reasoning about variables difficult ...
... • Changing values makes reasoning about variables difficult ...
Computers: Inside and Out Questions Computer Components
... Pentium 4 processor has a 20-stage pipeline Long pipelines allow many instructions to be executed simultaneously Downside of long pipeline – program branches ...
... Pentium 4 processor has a 20-stage pipeline Long pipelines allow many instructions to be executed simultaneously Downside of long pipeline – program branches ...
Document
... von Neumann model. The computers has become faster, smaller, and cheaper, but the principle is almost the same. Each generation witnesses some major change in hardware or software (but not the model). ...
... von Neumann model. The computers has become faster, smaller, and cheaper, but the principle is almost the same. Each generation witnesses some major change in hardware or software (but not the model). ...
COMPUTATION
... Next: 3 fundamental issues for shared memory multiprocessors • Coherence, about: Do I see the most recent data? • Consistency, about: When do I see a written value? ...
... Next: 3 fundamental issues for shared memory multiprocessors • Coherence, about: Do I see the most recent data? • Consistency, about: When do I see a written value? ...
Word
... –Parallel algorithms allow different sequence of steps to be executed simultaneously on different processors. •Non-Terminating Sequence: –Make a list of positive integers. –The above requirement could not be performed in an algorithm, because it does not terminate (it is infinite). •Unambiguous –The ...
... –Parallel algorithms allow different sequence of steps to be executed simultaneously on different processors. •Non-Terminating Sequence: –Make a list of positive integers. –The above requirement could not be performed in an algorithm, because it does not terminate (it is infinite). •Unambiguous –The ...
Software Fundamentals
... There are a number of operating systems available to computer users. One of the first operating systems for personal computers was Microsoft DOS. Currently, the most popular family of operating systems is the Windows family: Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT. Other popular operating systems incl ...
... There are a number of operating systems available to computer users. One of the first operating systems for personal computers was Microsoft DOS. Currently, the most popular family of operating systems is the Windows family: Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT. Other popular operating systems incl ...
Overview and History
... recall: an operating system is a collection of programs that manage peripheral devices and other resources in the 60's, operating systems enabled time-sharing, where users share a computer by swapping jobs in and out as computers became affordable to small businesses, specialized programming languag ...
... recall: an operating system is a collection of programs that manage peripheral devices and other resources in the 60's, operating systems enabled time-sharing, where users share a computer by swapping jobs in and out as computers became affordable to small businesses, specialized programming languag ...
AWINO ODIWUOR FREDRICK REG NO: F21/0812/2012
... This is because the third generation computers made use of integrated circuits and semiconductors which was incorporated within a single piece of silicon material resulting to efficiency and portability. 5. Give short notes on the following: Versatility:-Having varied uses or serving many functions. ...
... This is because the third generation computers made use of integrated circuits and semiconductors which was incorporated within a single piece of silicon material resulting to efficiency and portability. 5. Give short notes on the following: Versatility:-Having varied uses or serving many functions. ...
Parallel computing
Parallel computing is a form/type of computation in which many calculations are carried out simultaneously, operating on the principle that large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which are then solved at the same time. There are several different forms of parallel computing: bit-level, instruction level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has been employed for many years, mainly in high-performance computing, but interest in it has grown lately due to the physical constraints preventing frequency scaling. As power consumption (and consequently heat generation) by computers has become a concern in recent years, parallel computing has become the dominant paradigm in computer architecture, mainly in the form of multi-core processors.Parallel computing is closely related to concurrent computing – they are frequently used together, and often conflated, though the two are distinct: it is possible to have parallelism without concurrency (such as bit-level parallelism), and concurrency without parallelism (such as multitasking by time-sharing on a single-core CPU).In parallel computing, a computational task is typically broken down in several, often many, very similar subtasks that can be processed independently and whose results are combined afterwards, upon completion. In contrast, in concurrent computing, the various processes often do not address related tasks; when they do, as is typical in distributed computing, the separate tasks may have a varied nature and often require some inter-process communication during execution.Parallel computers can be roughly classified according to the level at which the hardware supports parallelism, with multi-core and multi-processor computers having multiple processing elements within a single machine, while clusters, MPPs, and grids use multiple computers to work on the same task. Specialized parallel computer architectures are sometimes used alongside traditional processors, for accelerating specific tasks.In some cases parallelism is transparent to the programmer, such as in bit-level or instruction-level parallelism, but explicitly parallel algorithms, particularly those that use concurrency, are more difficult to write than sequential ones, because concurrency introduces several new classes of potential software bugs, of which race conditions are the most common. Communication and synchronization between the different subtasks are typically some of the greatest obstacles to getting good parallel program performance.A theoretical upper bound on the speed-up of a single program as a result of parallelization is given by Amdahl's law.