Determinants of Inflation in Selected Caribbean Countries by Kevin
... studies, paying special attention to the ones conducted on Caribbean economies. The review should provide additional information for proper decision making in choosing explanatory variables for the inflationary process in Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. One of the earlier studies ...
... studies, paying special attention to the ones conducted on Caribbean economies. The review should provide additional information for proper decision making in choosing explanatory variables for the inflationary process in Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. One of the earlier studies ...
The Costs of Inflation
... • Governments that print money to pay their bills are using this type of tax. Inflation redistributes wealth among the public. • The real rate of return for a lender is given ...
... • Governments that print money to pay their bills are using this type of tax. Inflation redistributes wealth among the public. • The real rate of return for a lender is given ...
AS-Economics
... The Theory of Demand................................................................................... 47 The Theory of Supply..................................................................................... 53 Price Elasticity of Demand.......................................................... ...
... The Theory of Demand................................................................................... 47 The Theory of Supply..................................................................................... 53 Price Elasticity of Demand.......................................................... ...
CD1. European Economy. Basic editions. 44/1990. One market, one
... those experienced in the 1970s. How does this affect the EMU project? The present study has much to say on this. While it makes no attempt to discuss short-run questions, a pervasive theme is how best the European economy may be equipped to absorb major external economic shocks in order to minimize ...
... those experienced in the 1970s. How does this affect the EMU project? The present study has much to say on this. While it makes no attempt to discuss short-run questions, a pervasive theme is how best the European economy may be equipped to absorb major external economic shocks in order to minimize ...
What Drives the German Current Account? And How Does it Affect
... In terms of related academic literature, it can be noted that several papers have analyzed the dynamics of the current account using two-country DSGE models (e.g., Kollmann (1998), Erceg et al. (2006)); by contrast to the paper here, that literature has typically used calibrated (not estimated) mode ...
... In terms of related academic literature, it can be noted that several papers have analyzed the dynamics of the current account using two-country DSGE models (e.g., Kollmann (1998), Erceg et al. (2006)); by contrast to the paper here, that literature has typically used calibrated (not estimated) mode ...
- TestbankU
... 25) What is the main conceptual difference between GDP and GNP? How different are GDP and GNP for the United States? For countries with many citizens who work abroad? Answer: GDP represents output produced within a country, while GNP represents output produced by a country's factors of production; t ...
... 25) What is the main conceptual difference between GDP and GNP? How different are GDP and GNP for the United States? For countries with many citizens who work abroad? Answer: GDP represents output produced within a country, while GNP represents output produced by a country's factors of production; t ...
The Current Account and Macroeconomic Adjustment in the 1970s
... affected by aggregate demand; real interest rates are tied to the marginal productivity of capital and are not influenced by monetary policies, and frictions in adjusting to shocks are unimportant. These presumptions still permit a variety of responses, depending on the nature of shocks to the syste ...
... affected by aggregate demand; real interest rates are tied to the marginal productivity of capital and are not influenced by monetary policies, and frictions in adjusting to shocks are unimportant. These presumptions still permit a variety of responses, depending on the nature of shocks to the syste ...
CHAP1.WP (Word5)
... single increase. Inflation is measured by the (percentage) rate of change of the GDP deflator, and Section 8-1 explains with numerical example how sustaining inflation may erode the purchasing power of the economic agents and its adverse effect on the economy. Gordon explains that a central objectiv ...
... single increase. Inflation is measured by the (percentage) rate of change of the GDP deflator, and Section 8-1 explains with numerical example how sustaining inflation may erode the purchasing power of the economic agents and its adverse effect on the economy. Gordon explains that a central objectiv ...
Macroeconomic and Monetary Determinants in Analyzing
... In macroeconomic policies of a country, controlled inflation at low level is always considered carefully and become an important goal. The stability in price is a main factor in determining the growth rate in economy; therefore fiscal policy and monetary policy will be considered strictly to maintai ...
... In macroeconomic policies of a country, controlled inflation at low level is always considered carefully and become an important goal. The stability in price is a main factor in determining the growth rate in economy; therefore fiscal policy and monetary policy will be considered strictly to maintai ...
Equilibrium Risk Shifting and Interest Rate in an
... The 2007-2010 …nancial crisis has rejuvenated the interest in systemic risk in the …nancial system, its dramatic spill over to the real economy and whether and how it should be adressed by public policies. We contribute to this debate with an analysis of the risk taking behaviour of …nancial interem ...
... The 2007-2010 …nancial crisis has rejuvenated the interest in systemic risk in the …nancial system, its dramatic spill over to the real economy and whether and how it should be adressed by public policies. We contribute to this debate with an analysis of the risk taking behaviour of …nancial interem ...
What drives the German current account?
... external surplus: (i) In the run-up to the Euro (1995-1998), REA interest rates converged to German rates, an indication that the Euro led to greater financial integration in Europe; it has frequently been argued (e.g., Sinn (2010) and Hale and Obstfeld (2013)) that greater financial integration tri ...
... external surplus: (i) In the run-up to the Euro (1995-1998), REA interest rates converged to German rates, an indication that the Euro led to greater financial integration in Europe; it has frequently been argued (e.g., Sinn (2010) and Hale and Obstfeld (2013)) that greater financial integration tri ...
Monetary and Fiscal Policies in a Sudden Stop: Is tighter brigther
... confidence is restored, interest rates can return to more normal levels. … Indeed, the reluctance to tighten interest rates forcefully at the beginning has been an important factor in perpetuating the crisis…. At the outset of the crisis, countries needed to firm their fiscal positions, both to make ...
... confidence is restored, interest rates can return to more normal levels. … Indeed, the reluctance to tighten interest rates forcefully at the beginning has been an important factor in perpetuating the crisis…. At the outset of the crisis, countries needed to firm their fiscal positions, both to make ...
Measuring the Stance of Monetary Policy in Vietnam: A Structural
... According to the article 1 of the “law on the state bank of Vietnam”, the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) is a body of the Vietnamese government and is directly governed by this law. The SBV is mainly responsible for issuing currency, managing monetary policy and giving some related advice for the Vietn ...
... According to the article 1 of the “law on the state bank of Vietnam”, the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) is a body of the Vietnamese government and is directly governed by this law. The SBV is mainly responsible for issuing currency, managing monetary policy and giving some related advice for the Vietn ...
Post keynesian monetary theory and its implications
... how the money supply process takes place in the endogenous money view. This is taken up in Chapter 3. Underlying the Post Keynesian view is the notion introduced by Keynes that investment activity, funded by bank credit, is causally prior to saving. Credit advanced for investment is expended by entr ...
... how the money supply process takes place in the endogenous money view. This is taken up in Chapter 3. Underlying the Post Keynesian view is the notion introduced by Keynes that investment activity, funded by bank credit, is causally prior to saving. Credit advanced for investment is expended by entr ...
Macroeconomics, 7e (Abel/Bernanke/Croushore)
... 25) What is the main conceptual difference between GDP and GNP? How different are GDP and GNP for the United States? For countries with many citizens who work abroad? Answer: GDP represents output produced within a country, while GNP represents output produced by a country's factors of production; t ...
... 25) What is the main conceptual difference between GDP and GNP? How different are GDP and GNP for the United States? For countries with many citizens who work abroad? Answer: GDP represents output produced within a country, while GNP represents output produced by a country's factors of production; t ...
Sample
... 25) What is the main conceptual difference between GDP and GNP? How different are GDP and GNP for the United States? For countries with many citizens who work abroad? Answer: GDP represents output produced within a country, while GNP represents output produced by a country's factors of production; t ...
... 25) What is the main conceptual difference between GDP and GNP? How different are GDP and GNP for the United States? For countries with many citizens who work abroad? Answer: GDP represents output produced within a country, while GNP represents output produced by a country's factors of production; t ...
Ch.2 (TB) Abel 7e
... 25) What is the main conceptual difference between GDP and GNP? How different are GDP and GNP for the United States? For countries with many citizens who work abroad? Answer: GDP represents output produced within a country, while GNP represents output produced by a country's factors of production; t ...
... 25) What is the main conceptual difference between GDP and GNP? How different are GDP and GNP for the United States? For countries with many citizens who work abroad? Answer: GDP represents output produced within a country, while GNP represents output produced by a country's factors of production; t ...
Monetary Issues in the Middle East and North Africa Region
... held jointly between the IMF Middle East Center for Economics and Finance (CEF) and the IMF Monetary and Capital Markets Department (MCM) in Kuwait during the fall of 2011 and 2012. It embodies the seminar proceedings in its main, but the structure which draws on numerous practical applications in t ...
... held jointly between the IMF Middle East Center for Economics and Finance (CEF) and the IMF Monetary and Capital Markets Department (MCM) in Kuwait during the fall of 2011 and 2012. It embodies the seminar proceedings in its main, but the structure which draws on numerous practical applications in t ...
Lecture Notes - Wiwi Uni
... over time. We are interested in why total production (real GDP) grows over time on average and why it shows sizeable ‡uctuations around its long-run growth trend. We want to understand what causes unemployment and in‡ation, how interest rates behave and what causes a trade de…cit. In contrast to mic ...
... over time. We are interested in why total production (real GDP) grows over time on average and why it shows sizeable ‡uctuations around its long-run growth trend. We want to understand what causes unemployment and in‡ation, how interest rates behave and what causes a trade de…cit. In contrast to mic ...
What Has Government Done to Our Money?
... beginning with a useful commodity under barter, and then adding demand for a medium for exchange to the previous demand for direct use (e.g., for ornaments, in the case of gold).1 Thus, government is powerless to create money for the economy; it can only be developed by the processes of the free mar ...
... beginning with a useful commodity under barter, and then adding demand for a medium for exchange to the previous demand for direct use (e.g., for ornaments, in the case of gold).1 Thus, government is powerless to create money for the economy; it can only be developed by the processes of the free mar ...
The U.S. current account deficit: Gradual correction or abrupt adjustment? Sebastian Edwards ∗
... excess of 5% of GDP: Australia, Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Malta, New Zealand, Norway and Portugal. What is even more striking is that very few countries – either industrial or emerging – have had persistently high current account deficits for more than 5 years ...
... excess of 5% of GDP: Australia, Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Malta, New Zealand, Norway and Portugal. What is even more striking is that very few countries – either industrial or emerging – have had persistently high current account deficits for more than 5 years ...
The ruble between the hammer and the anvil: The impact of
... about 33 rubles for 1 US dollar to its lowest value of nearly 70 rubles at the end of January, and it did not appreciate below 50 rubles for 1 US dollar so far. Thus, the ruble lost 50% or more of its value against the US dollar. The evolution of the ruble exchange rate with respect to the euro is s ...
... about 33 rubles for 1 US dollar to its lowest value of nearly 70 rubles at the end of January, and it did not appreciate below 50 rubles for 1 US dollar so far. Thus, the ruble lost 50% or more of its value against the US dollar. The evolution of the ruble exchange rate with respect to the euro is s ...
Exchange Rate Predictability in a Changing World
... The Taylor (1993) rule postulates that monetary authorities should set the target for the policy interest rate considering the recent inflation path, inflation deviation from its target, output deviation from its potential level, and the equilibrium real interest rate. Then, it follows that they inc ...
... The Taylor (1993) rule postulates that monetary authorities should set the target for the policy interest rate considering the recent inflation path, inflation deviation from its target, output deviation from its potential level, and the equilibrium real interest rate. Then, it follows that they inc ...
A simple method to switch endogenous and exogenous
... More investment, even more FDI (UR), more factor productivity : more capacities More factor productivity, more capacities : lower prices More demand (investment, exports) but lower UR. Capital more than employment : direct effect, substitution favors capital More cyclic : the higher speed of ...
... More investment, even more FDI (UR), more factor productivity : more capacities More factor productivity, more capacities : lower prices More demand (investment, exports) but lower UR. Capital more than employment : direct effect, substitution favors capital More cyclic : the higher speed of ...
Exchange rate
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In finance, an exchange rate (also known as a foreign-exchange rate, forex rate, FX rate or Agio) between two currencies is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another. It is also regarded as the value of one country’s currency in terms of another currency. For example, an interbank exchange rate of 119 Japanese yen (JPY, ¥) to the United States dollar (US$) means that ¥119 will be exchanged for each US$1 or that US$1 will be exchanged for each ¥119. In this case it is said that the price of a dollar in terms of yen is ¥119, or equivalently that the price of a yen in terms of dollars is $1/119.Exchange rates are determined in the foreign exchange market, which is open to a wide range of different types of buyers and sellers where currency trading is continuous: 24 hours a day except weekends, i.e. trading from 20:15 GMT on Sunday until 22:00 GMT Friday. The spot exchange rate refers to the current exchange rate. The forward exchange rate refers to an exchange rate that is quoted and traded today but for delivery and payment on a specific future date.In the retail currency exchange market, a different buying rate and selling rate will be quoted by money dealers. Most trades are to or from the local currency. The buying rate is the rate at which money dealers will buy foreign currency, and the selling rate is the rate at which they will sell the currency. The quoted rates will incorporate an allowance for a dealer's margin (or profit) in trading, or else the margin may be recovered in the form of a commission or in some other way. Different rates may also be quoted for cash (usually notes only), a documentary form (such as traveler's cheques) or electronically (such as a credit card purchase). The higher rate on documentary transactions has been justified to compensate for the additional time and cost of clearing the document, while the cash is available for resale immediately. Some dealers on the other hand prefer documentary transactions because of the security concerns with cash.