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Single defect centres in diamond: A review
Single defect centres in diamond: A review

... be an electron paramagnetic system with S = 1/2 ground state [17]. Nitrogen aggregates are, most commonly, pairs of neighbouring substitutional atoms, the A aggregates, and groups of four around a vacancy, the B aggregate. All three forms of nitrogen impurities have distinct infrared spectra. Anothe ...
A Formal Cause Beyond Space and Time
A Formal Cause Beyond Space and Time

Physics at the FQMT`04 conference
Physics at the FQMT`04 conference

... understand many essential concepts of the quantum theory, thermodynamics and statistical physics in this new context. It is not a trivial task at all to decide what characterizes such small systems and what information we can gain from our measurements. The characteristic phenomena for these ‘‘mesos ...
(Haroche) File
(Haroche) File

... and observing the emission of isolated atoms or molecules near surfaces. In the early 1970s Karl H. Drexhage at the University of Marburg, Germany, carried out pioneering work on the fluorescence of organic dyes deposited on dielectric films over a metallic mirror.3 He observed alterations in the ra ...
Quantum Error Correction
Quantum Error Correction

Quantum Physics and the Holy Grail BRIAN JOHN PICCOLO
Quantum Physics and the Holy Grail BRIAN JOHN PICCOLO

... planet earth is necessarily living in the same century, mentally speaking. Even within our four types of consciousness we are not all equally developed. ...
Quantum Query Algorithms - Baltic Journal of Modern Computing
Quantum Query Algorithms - Baltic Journal of Modern Computing

Computational power of quantum many
Computational power of quantum many

Quantum defect theory description of weakly bound levels and Feshbach...
Quantum defect theory description of weakly bound levels and Feshbach...

... scattering wave function requires propagation out to such long distances. In this respect, multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) can be an efficient alternative. MQDT was born in atomic physics long ago, as a highly successful theory to explain the spectra of autoionizing states in complex atoms ...
Computational Methods for Simulating Quantum Computers
Computational Methods for Simulating Quantum Computers

Quantum phenomena in gravitational field - AEgIS
Quantum phenomena in gravitational field - AEgIS

Electronic transport in graphene nanostructures on SiO
Electronic transport in graphene nanostructures on SiO

... Coulomb blockade [45,46]. The nature of electronic transport in this system can be inferred from the temperature dependence of the conductance in the linear response regime, where the source–drain voltage 9eV SD 9 is smaller than the temperature kB T. The result of such a measurement is shown in the ...
pptx - Departamento de Matemáticas
pptx - Departamento de Matemáticas

Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

Information Geometric Superactivation of Asymptotic Quantum
Information Geometric Superactivation of Asymptotic Quantum

... problems, which makes it possible to break some—but not just those which are RSA based— very strong cryptosystems. Notably, these hard mathematical problems can now be solved by polynomial-time quantum algorithms. Later, these results have been extended to other number theoretic problems, and the re ...
Quantum Energy Teleportation - UWSpace
Quantum Energy Teleportation - UWSpace

... In some sense the entropy is a measure of uncertainty in a random variable. Here is a rough sketch of how this concept applies to certain situations: say we have an alphabet X and for any given message there is a probability p(x) that a given letter X is x. Then, if we consider how one could optimal ...
Classical Communication in the Presence of Quantum Gaussian Noise
Classical Communication in the Presence of Quantum Gaussian Noise

... A principal goal of quantum information theory is evaluating the information capacities of important communication channels. To date, such capacities have only been found for a limited class of channels. In previous work we have found the classical capacity of the pure-loss Bosonic channel,1 and sho ...
Dirac multimode ket-bra operators` [equation]
Dirac multimode ket-bra operators` [equation]

Atom cooling, trapping, and quantum manipulation
Atom cooling, trapping, and quantum manipulation

Fractional quantum Hall effect in suspended graphene probed with
Fractional quantum Hall effect in suspended graphene probed with

Quantum Designs - Gerhard Zauner
Quantum Designs - Gerhard Zauner

... the theory which will be proposed here can be considered a non-commutative generalization of classical, combinatorial design theory. Besides we will also generalize concepts from the theory of spherical designs. Let V be a finite-dimensional complex (or real) vector space with an inner product. In t ...
Controlling the speed of light pulses
Controlling the speed of light pulses

Information and Entropy in Neural Networks and Interacting Systems
Information and Entropy in Neural Networks and Interacting Systems

... α, β, γ and δ waves can indicate the overall state of alertness of a human being. Artificial neural networks (ANN) may also try to mimic these features, as in many cases it may be more convenient than a simple sequential set of one-time transformations. Short-term memory, in particular is refreshed ...
A categorification of a quantum Frobenius map
A categorification of a quantum Frobenius map

Thermal and Quantum Phase Transitions
Thermal and Quantum Phase Transitions

... Experimentally, zero temperature cannot be accessed. Why are QPT interesting (and more than just an academic curiosity)? To understand this, we have to consider the generic “quantum critical” phase diagram as function of both the non-thermal control parameter and temperature, Fig. 1.1. For a continu ...
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Quantum key distribution



Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.
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