What Makes a Classical Concept Classical? Toward a
... that the putative objects of scientific description and explanation belong to a world existing independently of the scientist, independent not in the trivial sense of being there whether or not human observers exist, but in the sense of being the way it is whether or not it is observed and regardles ...
... that the putative objects of scientific description and explanation belong to a world existing independently of the scientist, independent not in the trivial sense of being there whether or not human observers exist, but in the sense of being the way it is whether or not it is observed and regardles ...
QUANTUM GROUPS AND DIFFERENTIAL FORMS Contents 1
... The coaction of Mq on the generators of Ω(Aq ) is given by equation (1.1). In principle, the theorem can be verified directly from the definitions. But that is not a good approach because it does not tell us how to construct Ω(Aq ) and Mq in the first place. We now address this question. 1.7. Method ...
... The coaction of Mq on the generators of Ω(Aq ) is given by equation (1.1). In principle, the theorem can be verified directly from the definitions. But that is not a good approach because it does not tell us how to construct Ω(Aq ) and Mq in the first place. We now address this question. 1.7. Method ...
E. Waltersson, On the role of the electron
... It should also be stated here that most of the cited CI and QMC-studies have been focused on the search for exotic phenomena such as Wigner molecule formation that occur for weak confinements far from the estimated confinement strengths used in the mentioned experimental works [6–8]. With this backg ...
... It should also be stated here that most of the cited CI and QMC-studies have been focused on the search for exotic phenomena such as Wigner molecule formation that occur for weak confinements far from the estimated confinement strengths used in the mentioned experimental works [6–8]. With this backg ...
Eigenstate Phase Transitions
... is the eigenstate phase transition within the ferromagnetic phase of an infinite-range spin model. By studying the interplay of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and Ising symmetry breaking, we find two eigenstate phase transitions within the ferromagnetic phase: In the lowest-temperature pha ...
... is the eigenstate phase transition within the ferromagnetic phase of an infinite-range spin model. By studying the interplay of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and Ising symmetry breaking, we find two eigenstate phase transitions within the ferromagnetic phase: In the lowest-temperature pha ...
Multiphoton population transfer in systems violating the classical twist condition: A... study of separatrix crossing in phase space
... As an indispensable tool in manipulation of atomic and molecular systems, population transfer between bound states of atoms and vibrational modes of molecules has received a lot of attention from both experimental and theoretical fronts. From the molecular perspective, preparation of advantageous in ...
... As an indispensable tool in manipulation of atomic and molecular systems, population transfer between bound states of atoms and vibrational modes of molecules has received a lot of attention from both experimental and theoretical fronts. From the molecular perspective, preparation of advantageous in ...
III. Contact-ing Schrödinger
... eV, so large that it is hard to miss. For large conductors it is often so small that it can be ignored, and it does not matter too much whether we use the potential due to N electrons or due to N-1 electrons. For small conductors, under certain conditions the difference can be important giving rise ...
... eV, so large that it is hard to miss. For large conductors it is often so small that it can be ignored, and it does not matter too much whether we use the potential due to N electrons or due to N-1 electrons. For small conductors, under certain conditions the difference can be important giving rise ...
Development of semi-classical and quantum tools for the
... smaller and faster devices. Therefore, the simulations tools needed to be able, to understand the behavior of emerging electron devices and to improve them, have to be reinvented for each new generation of devices. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors predicts that, in ten years, ...
... smaller and faster devices. Therefore, the simulations tools needed to be able, to understand the behavior of emerging electron devices and to improve them, have to be reinvented for each new generation of devices. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors predicts that, in ten years, ...
Hidden Variables and Nonlocality in Quantum Mechanics
... At the present time, most physicists continue to hold a skeptical attitude toward the proposition of a ‘hidden variables’ interpretation of quantum theory, in spite of David Bohm’s successful construction of such a theory and John S. Bell’s strong arguments in favor of the idea. Many are convinced e ...
... At the present time, most physicists continue to hold a skeptical attitude toward the proposition of a ‘hidden variables’ interpretation of quantum theory, in spite of David Bohm’s successful construction of such a theory and John S. Bell’s strong arguments in favor of the idea. Many are convinced e ...
Organizations That Use TLS/SSL
... communications on the Internet for such things as e-mail, Internet faxing, and other data transfers. There are slight differences between SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0, but the protocol remains substantially the same. It is good idea to keep in mind that TLS resides on the Application Layer of the OSI model. ...
... communications on the Internet for such things as e-mail, Internet faxing, and other data transfers. There are slight differences between SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0, but the protocol remains substantially the same. It is good idea to keep in mind that TLS resides on the Application Layer of the OSI model. ...
The Status of our Ordinary Three Dimensions in a Quantum Universe 1
... time t 1 , the collapse postulate gives only chances that the wavefunction of the system will be at any other state at a later time, t 2 . Because these laws give different predictions regarding the future states of quantum systems, the question immediately arises: in which circumstances does each l ...
... time t 1 , the collapse postulate gives only chances that the wavefunction of the system will be at any other state at a later time, t 2 . Because these laws give different predictions regarding the future states of quantum systems, the question immediately arises: in which circumstances does each l ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.