Reply to seven commentaries on “Consciousness in the universe: ScienceDirect
... This is a frequent misunderstanding. The role of gravitation in Orch OR is quite different from that of other forces, and it is not in competition with them. The DP proposal, upon which Orch OR relies, is not even a form of “quantum gravity” in the normal sense of that term, where the rules of quant ...
... This is a frequent misunderstanding. The role of gravitation in Orch OR is quite different from that of other forces, and it is not in competition with them. The DP proposal, upon which Orch OR relies, is not even a form of “quantum gravity” in the normal sense of that term, where the rules of quant ...
Quantum information processing by nuclear magnetic resonance
... process information, but it seemed one would have little control over what information! This problem was circumvented by taking advantage of the very ensemble nature of the system which gave rise to it in the first place. Namely, we define a ‘‘pseudopure’’ ensemble to be one in which the sum of the ...
... process information, but it seemed one would have little control over what information! This problem was circumvented by taking advantage of the very ensemble nature of the system which gave rise to it in the first place. Namely, we define a ‘‘pseudopure’’ ensemble to be one in which the sum of the ...
Abstracts Escuela de Fisica Matematica 2015, Universidad de los
... lattice gauge theories based on involutory Hopf algebras, A, of which the group algebras, CG, are a particular case. Transfer matrices can be obtained from such partition functions by carrying out the state sum construction on a manifold with boundary. The parameter space of these transfer contains ...
... lattice gauge theories based on involutory Hopf algebras, A, of which the group algebras, CG, are a particular case. Transfer matrices can be obtained from such partition functions by carrying out the state sum construction on a manifold with boundary. The parameter space of these transfer contains ...
Introduction to quantum computation
... Turing Machine when considering realistic computations, a new crisis occurred when Robert Solovay and Volker Strassen showed that it was possible to test the primality of a given integer with a randomized algorithm [SS77]. Their algorithm used randomness at some steps of the computation and could te ...
... Turing Machine when considering realistic computations, a new crisis occurred when Robert Solovay and Volker Strassen showed that it was possible to test the primality of a given integer with a randomized algorithm [SS77]. Their algorithm used randomness at some steps of the computation and could te ...
The Superposition Principle in Quantum Mechanics
... Though it is customary to view the superposition principle within the mathematical framework of Hilbert Spaces, it is instructive to recall its purely operational meaning as elaborated by Dirac. He gives a very broad characterization of states as the embodiment of the collection of all possible meas ...
... Though it is customary to view the superposition principle within the mathematical framework of Hilbert Spaces, it is instructive to recall its purely operational meaning as elaborated by Dirac. He gives a very broad characterization of states as the embodiment of the collection of all possible meas ...
Experimental generation of single photons via active multiplexing
... advantages: (1) It can route incoming photons independent of their polarizations, which is crucial for certain tasks. In the schemes of polarization-entanglement-based quantum cryptography [24] and quantum computation with polarizationencoded photonic qubits [6], any polarization-dependent routing w ...
... advantages: (1) It can route incoming photons independent of their polarizations, which is crucial for certain tasks. In the schemes of polarization-entanglement-based quantum cryptography [24] and quantum computation with polarizationencoded photonic qubits [6], any polarization-dependent routing w ...
No Slide Title
... Operators and Expectation Values Re view of average calculations Consider a large number N of identical boxes with identical particles all described by the same wavefunction (x,t) : Let us for each system at the same time meassure the property F ...
... Operators and Expectation Values Re view of average calculations Consider a large number N of identical boxes with identical particles all described by the same wavefunction (x,t) : Let us for each system at the same time meassure the property F ...
Information: Forgotten Variable in Physics Models
... constant with dimensionality [1/sec]. As follows from Eq. (9), f has dimensionality of a force per unit mass that depends upon the probability densityρ, and therefore, it can be associated with the concept of information, so we will call it the information force. In this context, the coefficient ζ can ...
... constant with dimensionality [1/sec]. As follows from Eq. (9), f has dimensionality of a force per unit mass that depends upon the probability densityρ, and therefore, it can be associated with the concept of information, so we will call it the information force. In this context, the coefficient ζ can ...
DCN-7-Network_Security
... •Uses 2 different (mathematically related) keys for, –Encryption and Decryption where, »Encryption is done using Receiver’s Public Key and, »Decryption is done using Receiver’s Private Key. ...
... •Uses 2 different (mathematically related) keys for, –Encryption and Decryption where, »Encryption is done using Receiver’s Public Key and, »Decryption is done using Receiver’s Private Key. ...
1-QM Foundations
... nucleus repelled the electrons but provided a gravitational attraction that induced the electrons to orbit the nucleus like planets around the sun. But Rutherford’s model of electrons as particles orbiting a large nucleus was subject to a fatal problem. If true, classical theory predicted that an at ...
... nucleus repelled the electrons but provided a gravitational attraction that induced the electrons to orbit the nucleus like planets around the sun. But Rutherford’s model of electrons as particles orbiting a large nucleus was subject to a fatal problem. If true, classical theory predicted that an at ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.