GUATEMALA: a country overview Mario Marroquín Rivera February
... • positive and sustained (av. 3.3%) • without volatility • growing at per capita level (last US$ 2,513.00) • low fiscal deficit (av. 1.6%) • single digit inflation, stable (av. 7.4%) ...
... • positive and sustained (av. 3.3%) • without volatility • growing at per capita level (last US$ 2,513.00) • low fiscal deficit (av. 1.6%) • single digit inflation, stable (av. 7.4%) ...
The paper aims at explaining why Brazil`s GDP growth
... from the statist ISI model that prevailed under the military. But a lax fiscal stance and excessive reliance on a dollar anchor (which required the support of high real interest rates) crowded out exports and private investment, thus preventing a sustained economic recovery from taking place. A more ...
... from the statist ISI model that prevailed under the military. But a lax fiscal stance and excessive reliance on a dollar anchor (which required the support of high real interest rates) crowded out exports and private investment, thus preventing a sustained economic recovery from taking place. A more ...
- SlideBoom
... A. the supply of clothing has grown faster than the demand for clothing B. demand for clothing has grown faster than the supply of clothing C. the supply of and demand for clothing have grown by the same proportion D. there is no way to determine what has happened to supply and demand with this info ...
... A. the supply of clothing has grown faster than the demand for clothing B. demand for clothing has grown faster than the supply of clothing C. the supply of and demand for clothing have grown by the same proportion D. there is no way to determine what has happened to supply and demand with this info ...
Study Guide for Williamson Intermediate Macroeconomics, First
... paid off with higher taxes that benefits current citizens and harms future ones. If the deficit is caused by higher government spending, however, the economy will be affected in a different way. 2. Without money supply growth, prices cannot continue to increase. Higher money supply growth, ceteris p ...
... paid off with higher taxes that benefits current citizens and harms future ones. If the deficit is caused by higher government spending, however, the economy will be affected in a different way. 2. Without money supply growth, prices cannot continue to increase. Higher money supply growth, ceteris p ...
The Principle of Effective Demand and the State of Post Keynesian
... changes in the level of income or activity and not the rate of interest that restores equality to saving and investment. This is fine as far as it goes but it leaves the role of rate of interest and the marginal efficiency of capital unaccounted for in what is usually pres ...
... changes in the level of income or activity and not the rate of interest that restores equality to saving and investment. This is fine as far as it goes but it leaves the role of rate of interest and the marginal efficiency of capital unaccounted for in what is usually pres ...
Exercise 6 (+additional question) in Mankiw:
... stock per worker, output per worker, and consumption per worker as a function of the saving rate and the depreciation rate. C. Assume that the depreciation rate is 10 percent per year. Make a table showing steadystate capital per worker, output per worker, and consumption per worker for saving rates ...
... stock per worker, output per worker, and consumption per worker as a function of the saving rate and the depreciation rate. C. Assume that the depreciation rate is 10 percent per year. Make a table showing steadystate capital per worker, output per worker, and consumption per worker for saving rates ...
PDF
... decision-making in investment is subject to the comparative profit rates, which correspond to the comparative costs. The second model takes place when the comparative profit rates contradict comparative costs due to existing monopolistic elements in industries. Kojima (1975) used different terms to ...
... decision-making in investment is subject to the comparative profit rates, which correspond to the comparative costs. The second model takes place when the comparative profit rates contradict comparative costs due to existing monopolistic elements in industries. Kojima (1975) used different terms to ...
Monetary Policy in Japan Since the Late 1980s
... tioned in Japan, especially since the late 1980s, and attempts to draw some implications for the current discussions about Japan’s monetary policy.1 In the subsequent section, we first apply a Taylor-rule-type policy reaction function to Japan and document possible delays of monetary policy actions ...
... tioned in Japan, especially since the late 1980s, and attempts to draw some implications for the current discussions about Japan’s monetary policy.1 In the subsequent section, we first apply a Taylor-rule-type policy reaction function to Japan and document possible delays of monetary policy actions ...
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... In sum, the relationship between the REER and EMS growth is often weak, and this is due to country-specific factors that have to be taken into account. The weakness of this relationship is, however, also due to the fact that the REER is constructed based on some very restrictive assumptions. First o ...
... In sum, the relationship between the REER and EMS growth is often weak, and this is due to country-specific factors that have to be taken into account. The weakness of this relationship is, however, also due to the fact that the REER is constructed based on some very restrictive assumptions. First o ...
2011:2 What is the natural interest rate?
... Resource utilisation is thus one of the most important macroeconomic variables for a central bank. But how can the level of resource utilisation be measured, and what is meant by the expression ‘a normal level of resource utilisation’? One frequently used measure of resource utilisation is the outpu ...
... Resource utilisation is thus one of the most important macroeconomic variables for a central bank. But how can the level of resource utilisation be measured, and what is meant by the expression ‘a normal level of resource utilisation’? One frequently used measure of resource utilisation is the outpu ...
Chapter 5 - Consumer Choice
... • Policy of deficit financing: some time the Govt implement new taxes on commodities or borrow loans from other countries to cover their losses due to which inflation occur in a country. • Backwardness of agricultural and industrial sector of the economy: • Devaluation of currency: when a country cu ...
... • Policy of deficit financing: some time the Govt implement new taxes on commodities or borrow loans from other countries to cover their losses due to which inflation occur in a country. • Backwardness of agricultural and industrial sector of the economy: • Devaluation of currency: when a country cu ...
unemployement
... i) adopt tight monetary policy undertaken by Central Bank (Bank Negara) that use some instruments to influence the economy by reducing money supply and higher interest rates. ii) contractionary fiscal policy that deals with reducing government expenditures and increasing tax iii) direct control - di ...
... i) adopt tight monetary policy undertaken by Central Bank (Bank Negara) that use some instruments to influence the economy by reducing money supply and higher interest rates. ii) contractionary fiscal policy that deals with reducing government expenditures and increasing tax iii) direct control - di ...
A Antonio Martino
... There is no evidence that economic growth inevitably involves price inflation. On the contrary, there are good reasons to believe that monetary instability hinders long-term projects and makes economic growth more difficult, as evidenced by the experience of a number of Latin American countries. The ...
... There is no evidence that economic growth inevitably involves price inflation. On the contrary, there are good reasons to believe that monetary instability hinders long-term projects and makes economic growth more difficult, as evidenced by the experience of a number of Latin American countries. The ...
Government Spending Effects in a Small Open Economy
... Negative wealth effects are affected by the terms of trade. When the government spending increases agents expect higher present value of taxes. But the terms of trade changes the present value of the government spending. When the government spending is revaluated in CPI terms, the terms of trade eff ...
... Negative wealth effects are affected by the terms of trade. When the government spending increases agents expect higher present value of taxes. But the terms of trade changes the present value of the government spending. When the government spending is revaluated in CPI terms, the terms of trade eff ...
Inflation and Hyperinflation
... equation means that when there is no access to foreign or internal private financing, seigniorage is the only mean to finance the deficit. Hyperinflation can be experienced when the government face a greater need of seigniorage to finance its increasing fiscal deficit and after the seigniorage maxim ...
... equation means that when there is no access to foreign or internal private financing, seigniorage is the only mean to finance the deficit. Hyperinflation can be experienced when the government face a greater need of seigniorage to finance its increasing fiscal deficit and after the seigniorage maxim ...
Monetary Policy: Can the Federal Reserve
... Use the description above to tell students how this investigation will proceed. You may have introduced your students to the nature of The Fed and some aspects of monetary policy, in which case Reading #1 – The Federal Reserve System and Monetary Policy, can be omitted. If your students have not bee ...
... Use the description above to tell students how this investigation will proceed. You may have introduced your students to the nature of The Fed and some aspects of monetary policy, in which case Reading #1 – The Federal Reserve System and Monetary Policy, can be omitted. If your students have not bee ...
The Macroeconomy: Unemployment, Inflation, and Deflation
... 6. Discouraged workers who are not currently looking but have looked for a job are counted officially as (employed, unemployed, not in the labor force). Because of this official classification, some people believe that the measured unemployment rate (overstates, understates) true unemployment. 7. Th ...
... 6. Discouraged workers who are not currently looking but have looked for a job are counted officially as (employed, unemployed, not in the labor force). Because of this official classification, some people believe that the measured unemployment rate (overstates, understates) true unemployment. 7. Th ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES GOVERNMENT SPENDING, INTEREST RATES, PRICES, AND BUDGET DEFICITS
... 4The data on military expenditure are from Mitchell and Deane (1962, pp. 390—91, 396—99). The figures combine the items for army, navy and ordnance, and for expenditures on special expeditions and votes of credit. The dating of expenditures refers to disbursements rather than orders (see Benjamin an ...
... 4The data on military expenditure are from Mitchell and Deane (1962, pp. 390—91, 396—99). The figures combine the items for army, navy and ordnance, and for expenditures on special expeditions and votes of credit. The dating of expenditures refers to disbursements rather than orders (see Benjamin an ...
Inflation
... per annum. It is associated with a low level of unemployment and is during the upswing phase of a trade cycle. ...
... per annum. It is associated with a low level of unemployment and is during the upswing phase of a trade cycle. ...
Fiscal Policy Measures and Balance of Payments in Nigeria
... controlling the business cycle effects on fiscal balances. In contrast to the predictions of the most theoretical models, the results suggested that an expansionary fiscal policy shock (or a government budget deficit shock) improves the current account and depreciates the exchange rate. The private ...
... controlling the business cycle effects on fiscal balances. In contrast to the predictions of the most theoretical models, the results suggested that an expansionary fiscal policy shock (or a government budget deficit shock) improves the current account and depreciates the exchange rate. The private ...
Ch 7
... index—the sum of the unemployment rate and inflation rate—reached a level among the highest since the 1950s. • Whether the misery index will continue to rise depends on whether the upsurge in unemployment is mainly cyclical or structural, and whether the rate of inflation remains relatively low or i ...
... index—the sum of the unemployment rate and inflation rate—reached a level among the highest since the 1950s. • Whether the misery index will continue to rise depends on whether the upsurge in unemployment is mainly cyclical or structural, and whether the rate of inflation remains relatively low or i ...
Economic Investigations #10 Monetary Policy
... by the Board of Governors in Washington, D.C., it is the central bank of the United States. The Fed’s activities include regulating banking institutions and providing financial services for institutions and the public, all with the goal of maintaining an orderly and stable financial system. A major ...
... by the Board of Governors in Washington, D.C., it is the central bank of the United States. The Fed’s activities include regulating banking institutions and providing financial services for institutions and the public, all with the goal of maintaining an orderly and stable financial system. A major ...
Stabilizing Aggregate Demand
... Recall the inverse relationship between interest rates and bond prices If the nominal interest rates were too low The public’s quantity demanded for money is greater than the quantity supplied The public wants to hold more money So, they sell some of the interest-bearing assets Which depresses ...
... Recall the inverse relationship between interest rates and bond prices If the nominal interest rates were too low The public’s quantity demanded for money is greater than the quantity supplied The public wants to hold more money So, they sell some of the interest-bearing assets Which depresses ...
MANAGING MONETARY POLICY USING PHILLIPS CURVE
... changes in the Phillips curve. Any current inflation rate, higher, will cause over a relatively long period of time, a higher rate of expected inflation and in this way the Phillips curve will have a tendency to climb that will prevent any offset between inflation and unemployment on long term. In t ...
... changes in the Phillips curve. Any current inflation rate, higher, will cause over a relatively long period of time, a higher rate of expected inflation and in this way the Phillips curve will have a tendency to climb that will prevent any offset between inflation and unemployment on long term. In t ...