Reading Kindleberger in Washington and Berlin Ideas
... theorized that rational actors pursuing their own material self-interests would be incapable of providing public goods due to the constant incentive to free ride. He further added that group size was inversely related to successful collective action. While larger groups “would fail to provide themse ...
... theorized that rational actors pursuing their own material self-interests would be incapable of providing public goods due to the constant incentive to free ride. He further added that group size was inversely related to successful collective action. While larger groups “would fail to provide themse ...
Kiss Me Deadly: From Finnish Great Depression to Great Recession
... The turn of the century witnessed a burst of the dot-com bubble in a ”Nokia economy”. The country was also severely hit by a global financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the Great Recession it triggered. However, the foremost episode was the prolonged contraction of the early 1990s. This ”Finnish Great ...
... The turn of the century witnessed a burst of the dot-com bubble in a ”Nokia economy”. The country was also severely hit by a global financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the Great Recession it triggered. However, the foremost episode was the prolonged contraction of the early 1990s. This ”Finnish Great ...
UK BUSINESS CONFIDENCE MONITOR Q1 2009 Scotland Summary Report
... Firms are also cutting back on other areas of spending, such as capital investment – with a 1.2% contraction expected over the next 12 months following an expansion of just 0.3% over the last year – and research and development budgets, where a 0.4% contraction is expected over the coming year. ...
... Firms are also cutting back on other areas of spending, such as capital investment – with a 1.2% contraction expected over the next 12 months following an expansion of just 0.3% over the last year – and research and development budgets, where a 0.4% contraction is expected over the coming year. ...
ch09lecture
... Europe’s Big 4 economies (France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom) have been enjoying economic growth for 200 years. The United States started to grow rapidly 150 years ago and overtook Europe in the early 20th century. © 2013 Pearson ...
... Europe’s Big 4 economies (France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom) have been enjoying economic growth for 200 years. The United States started to grow rapidly 150 years ago and overtook Europe in the early 20th century. © 2013 Pearson ...
Chapter 24
... Europe’s Big 4 economies (France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom) have been enjoying economic growth for 200 years. The United States started to grow rapidly 150 years ago and overtook Europe in the early 20th century. © 2013 Pearson ...
... Europe’s Big 4 economies (France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom) have been enjoying economic growth for 200 years. The United States started to grow rapidly 150 years ago and overtook Europe in the early 20th century. © 2013 Pearson ...
Wages, Investment and the Fate of the Weimar Republic: A Long
... Charles S. Maier, in one of the most astute comments in the debate, has suggested a Keynesian solution to the economic difficulties of Weimar. The deadlock would thereby have been broken by renewed growth.26 Increased money supply would have reduced real wages via price increases, and the accumulate ...
... Charles S. Maier, in one of the most astute comments in the debate, has suggested a Keynesian solution to the economic difficulties of Weimar. The deadlock would thereby have been broken by renewed growth.26 Increased money supply would have reduced real wages via price increases, and the accumulate ...
OpenStax_Economics_TestBank_ch07_economic_growth
... aiding a country's economic growth. List and discuss at least three significant contributions a government can make toward a country's economic growth. Reference: Explanation: Government often plays a role in setting up and funding the education system, especially at the primary and secondary level. ...
... aiding a country's economic growth. List and discuss at least three significant contributions a government can make toward a country's economic growth. Reference: Explanation: Government often plays a role in setting up and funding the education system, especially at the primary and secondary level. ...
economics notes
... Variety (responsiveness) v. standardisation (mass production) Britain industrialised first but it's expertise was always in finance. Stock markets to raise finance, credit for overseas trade, placing of foreign investments....... 5. DEINDUSTRIALISATION. DEINDUSTRIALISATION. Relative decline in manuf ...
... Variety (responsiveness) v. standardisation (mass production) Britain industrialised first but it's expertise was always in finance. Stock markets to raise finance, credit for overseas trade, placing of foreign investments....... 5. DEINDUSTRIALISATION. DEINDUSTRIALISATION. Relative decline in manuf ...
v. ongoing changes in the business cycle
... 11. Changes in exchange rate regimes for OECD countries over the past decades are also likely to have had a bearing on how trade influences the cycle but is outside the scope of this chapter. 12. The euro area average, however, disguises major differences across countries: net trade is now less of a ...
... 11. Changes in exchange rate regimes for OECD countries over the past decades are also likely to have had a bearing on how trade influences the cycle but is outside the scope of this chapter. 12. The euro area average, however, disguises major differences across countries: net trade is now less of a ...
Power Point A. Supply & A. Demand
... misperceptions, workers’ misperceptions. • Wages and prices eventually become unstuck and misperceptions will turn to accurate perceptions: when this happens the economy is said to be in The Long Run. (All prices are flexible.) • The LRAS curve is graphed as a vertical line because price has no impa ...
... misperceptions, workers’ misperceptions. • Wages and prices eventually become unstuck and misperceptions will turn to accurate perceptions: when this happens the economy is said to be in The Long Run. (All prices are flexible.) • The LRAS curve is graphed as a vertical line because price has no impa ...
Economic Insights - CIBC World Markets
... And while renting a condo and multiples construction will remain a larger part of the market than in past years, new single-family sales—the primary driver of American lumber demand—have been on a clear uptrend. With interest rate hikes likely coming at a slower pace than in past cycles, the US hous ...
... And while renting a condo and multiples construction will remain a larger part of the market than in past years, new single-family sales—the primary driver of American lumber demand—have been on a clear uptrend. With interest rate hikes likely coming at a slower pace than in past cycles, the US hous ...
UK BUSINESS CONFIDENCE MONITOR Q1 2009 East Midlands Summary Report
... Firms are also cutting back on other areas of spending, such as capital investment – with a 1.2% contraction expected over the next 12 months following an expansion of just 0.3% over the last year – and research and development budgets, where a 0.4% contraction is expected over the coming year. ...
... Firms are also cutting back on other areas of spending, such as capital investment – with a 1.2% contraction expected over the next 12 months following an expansion of just 0.3% over the last year – and research and development budgets, where a 0.4% contraction is expected over the coming year. ...
Wages, Profits, and Macroeconomic Adjustment: A Comparative Study
... Development (OECD), the United States endorsed a "locomotive" strategy, in which joint expansion of West Germany, Japan, and the United States was to lead smaller economies out of the recession. Continuing the transport metaphor, the United States later heralded a "convoy" approach, in which strong ...
... Development (OECD), the United States endorsed a "locomotive" strategy, in which joint expansion of West Germany, Japan, and the United States was to lead smaller economies out of the recession. Continuing the transport metaphor, the United States later heralded a "convoy" approach, in which strong ...
long-run aggregate supply curve. - IB-Econ
... In reality, neither view is totally correct. • Keynes was right in the short-run, because wages and ...
... In reality, neither view is totally correct. • Keynes was right in the short-run, because wages and ...
Real GDP, Nominal GDP, Money Supply, Velocity of Money, Inflation
... size of the real GDP is fixed in the short run by the size and productivity of the resources of the country (Mankiw N.G, 1012). The real output of the economy is fixed because resources, particularly the most important resource, labor, will tend to be fully employed Ruffin, 1938). Over time, as the ...
... size of the real GDP is fixed in the short run by the size and productivity of the resources of the country (Mankiw N.G, 1012). The real output of the economy is fixed because resources, particularly the most important resource, labor, will tend to be fully employed Ruffin, 1938). Over time, as the ...
World Economic Outlook, October 2000
... The outlook for the global economy has continued to strengthen, with GDP growth projected to increase in all major regions of the world. This improvement has been led by the continued strength of the U.S. economy, a robust expansion in Europe, and a nascent—albeit still fragile— recovery in Japan. I ...
... The outlook for the global economy has continued to strengthen, with GDP growth projected to increase in all major regions of the world. This improvement has been led by the continued strength of the U.S. economy, a robust expansion in Europe, and a nascent—albeit still fragile— recovery in Japan. I ...
The Evaluation of Recession Magnitudes in EU Countries during the
... The Greek, Irish and Latvian recession were among the longest, they lasted for 13, 8 and 8 consecutive quarters respectively. The deepest recession with the highest mean decline of GDP growth rates during a recession took place in Lithuania (G = 4.4 %). These results conform to the opinions publishe ...
... The Greek, Irish and Latvian recession were among the longest, they lasted for 13, 8 and 8 consecutive quarters respectively. The deepest recession with the highest mean decline of GDP growth rates during a recession took place in Lithuania (G = 4.4 %). These results conform to the opinions publishe ...
Part and/or Chapter Number and Title
... Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved ...
... Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved ...
Modern macroeconomics: monetary policy
... Italy Pakistan Thailand France Australia U.S. Canada Malaysia Belgium Germany Switzerland ...
... Italy Pakistan Thailand France Australia U.S. Canada Malaysia Belgium Germany Switzerland ...
Aggregate demand and aggregate supply
... Figure 8 Long-Run Growth and Inflation in the Model of Aggregate Demand and LR Aggregate Supply ...
... Figure 8 Long-Run Growth and Inflation in the Model of Aggregate Demand and LR Aggregate Supply ...
MacroIntro
... • In early 1970’s, US abandons Bretton Woods, and exchange rates start to float. After a few years of relative stability, exchange rates become one of the most volatile variables. • International trade increases. • Oil price rises damaging to developing countries, a problem partly solved when OPEC ...
... • In early 1970’s, US abandons Bretton Woods, and exchange rates start to float. After a few years of relative stability, exchange rates become one of the most volatile variables. • International trade increases. • Oil price rises damaging to developing countries, a problem partly solved when OPEC ...
EGYPT`S GROWTH PERFORMANCE UNDER ECONOMIC
... suggests that after a period of sustained expansion in the late 19th century, growth in agricultural output decelerated between 1900 and 1914, followed by a period of retardation until the early 1920s when growth resumed until the Great Depression. A recovery was under way in the mid-1930s until the ...
... suggests that after a period of sustained expansion in the late 19th century, growth in agricultural output decelerated between 1900 and 1914, followed by a period of retardation until the early 1920s when growth resumed until the Great Depression. A recovery was under way in the mid-1930s until the ...
12bggSupplyUnit3Macro
... activities or technology lowers the costs of production and expands what might be produced in the economy, then the aggregate supply curves both shift to the right. ...
... activities or technology lowers the costs of production and expands what might be produced in the economy, then the aggregate supply curves both shift to the right. ...
financial liberalization
... SΔB,it are the mean, standard deviation, and skewness of the real credit growth rate, respectively. We estimate eq. (2) using the same type of overlapping panel data regression as for eq. (1). Columns 1-4 through 1-7 of Table 1 report the estimation results. Consistent with the literature, we find t ...
... SΔB,it are the mean, standard deviation, and skewness of the real credit growth rate, respectively. We estimate eq. (2) using the same type of overlapping panel data regression as for eq. (1). Columns 1-4 through 1-7 of Table 1 report the estimation results. Consistent with the literature, we find t ...
Financial opening and economic growth: a - ANU Press
... each of the other variables including the measure of financial development, total credit (TC) .If total credit explains more of the variance amongst the forecast errors for economic growth than is explained by other variables, we would find support for the hypothesis that financial development Grang ...
... each of the other variables including the measure of financial development, total credit (TC) .If total credit explains more of the variance amongst the forecast errors for economic growth than is explained by other variables, we would find support for the hypothesis that financial development Grang ...
Long Depression
The Long Depression was a worldwide price recession, beginning in 1873 and running through the spring of 1879. It was the most severe in Europe and the United States, which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War. The episode was labeled the ""Great Depression"" at the time, and it held that designation until the Great Depression of the 1930s. Though a period of general deflation and a general contraction, it did not have the severe economic retrogression of the Great Depression.It was most notable in Western Europe and North America, at least in part because reliable data from the period are most readily available in those parts of the world. The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit; during this period it lost some of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe. While it was occurring, the view was prominent that the economy of the United Kingdom had been in continuous depression from 1873 to as late as 1896 and some texts refer to the period as the Great Depression of 1873–96.In the United States, economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873–79, kicked off by the Panic of 1873, and followed by the Panic of 1893, book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression. The National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879. At 65 months, it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER, eclipsing the Great Depression's 43 months of contraction.In the US, from 1873–1879, 18,000 businesses went bankrupt, including 89 railroads. Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt. Unemployment peaked in 1878, long after the panic ended. Different sources peg the peak unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25% to 14%.