PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... on charge transfer kinetics, with the aid of Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations, in disordered organic molecular systems reveal that the charge equilibrium time depends on the amount of disorder and can be characterized by disorder drift time. [34, 36, 37] In these situations, the classical diffusion-mobi ...
... on charge transfer kinetics, with the aid of Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations, in disordered organic molecular systems reveal that the charge equilibrium time depends on the amount of disorder and can be characterized by disorder drift time. [34, 36, 37] In these situations, the classical diffusion-mobi ...
Energy Spectra of an Electron in a Pyramid-shaped
... B–2 = B1exp(ika/√2), C1 = A–1exp(–ika/√8), C2 = A–2exp(–ika/√8), C3 = A1exp(ika/√8), C4 = A2exp(–ika/√8), and B2 = B–1exp(–ika/√2), C1 = A1exp(ika/√8), C2 = A2exp(ika/√8), C3 = A–1exp(–ika/√8), C4 = A–2exp(–ika/√8). Finally, from Equations (3) one will obtain A–2 = A1exp(ika/√2), C1 = B–1exp(ika/√8) ...
... B–2 = B1exp(ika/√2), C1 = A–1exp(–ika/√8), C2 = A–2exp(–ika/√8), C3 = A1exp(ika/√8), C4 = A2exp(–ika/√8), and B2 = B–1exp(–ika/√2), C1 = A1exp(ika/√8), C2 = A2exp(ika/√8), C3 = A–1exp(–ika/√8), C4 = A–2exp(–ika/√8). Finally, from Equations (3) one will obtain A–2 = A1exp(ika/√2), C1 = B–1exp(ika/√8) ...
Showing-up the Extra-Dimensions of Electron
... adopting only one of the two its projections on a given space axis, as its space-polarization. Consequently: To get the Dirac-like equations of electron, we now apply the equation (8) containing explicitly the spin-term a long with the proper mass to implement the Dirac factorization. Recalling that ...
... adopting only one of the two its projections on a given space axis, as its space-polarization. Consequently: To get the Dirac-like equations of electron, we now apply the equation (8) containing explicitly the spin-term a long with the proper mass to implement the Dirac factorization. Recalling that ...
Classical and Quantum Ideal Gases
... particle is a point in this space, which traces out a trajectory as it evolves. Accordingly, an N -particle gas is specified by N points/trajectories in this phase space. The accessible range of phase space is determined by the box (which provides a spatial constraint) and the energy of the gas (whi ...
... particle is a point in this space, which traces out a trajectory as it evolves. Accordingly, an N -particle gas is specified by N points/trajectories in this phase space. The accessible range of phase space is determined by the box (which provides a spatial constraint) and the energy of the gas (whi ...
Lecture 5 - Ultra high energy cosmic rays and the GZK cutoff
... produce when they collide, if this particle is produced at rest. mt c2 is called the centre √ of mass energy of the system. Sometimes it is given the symbol s. It’s an invariant quantity. Furthermore, because total energy and total momentum are conserved, it’s also a conserved quantity when calculat ...
... produce when they collide, if this particle is produced at rest. mt c2 is called the centre √ of mass energy of the system. Sometimes it is given the symbol s. It’s an invariant quantity. Furthermore, because total energy and total momentum are conserved, it’s also a conserved quantity when calculat ...
Module 11
... * The theory of special relativity implies that a particle made out of mass cannot reach the speed of light if it begins its existence at a speed that is less than c. However, it doesn’t rule out the possibility that there may be particles in the universe that were created traveling greater than c. ...
... * The theory of special relativity implies that a particle made out of mass cannot reach the speed of light if it begins its existence at a speed that is less than c. However, it doesn’t rule out the possibility that there may be particles in the universe that were created traveling greater than c. ...
chapter 3.4: the bohr atomic theory
... energies. The simplest arrangement would be a planetary model with each electron orbit at a fixed distance and with a fixed energy. In this way, the energy of the electron was quantized; in other words, the electrons could not have any energy, only certain allowed energies. Therefore, Bohr stated th ...
... energies. The simplest arrangement would be a planetary model with each electron orbit at a fixed distance and with a fixed energy. In this way, the energy of the electron was quantized; in other words, the electrons could not have any energy, only certain allowed energies. Therefore, Bohr stated th ...
44. Quantum Energy Wave Function Equation
... KEYWORDS: Quantum energy, wave function; Harmonic oscillator. I. ...
... KEYWORDS: Quantum energy, wave function; Harmonic oscillator. I. ...
Testing Wavefunction Collapse
... clearly consistent way - the eventual diffusion of the packet, or the possibility of splitting it into disjoint parts, means the ‘particle’ does not remain localized, for instance. The other option is that the projection (2) does not take place. Rather, the correct wavefunction remains (1) so that a ...
... clearly consistent way - the eventual diffusion of the packet, or the possibility of splitting it into disjoint parts, means the ‘particle’ does not remain localized, for instance. The other option is that the projection (2) does not take place. Rather, the correct wavefunction remains (1) so that a ...
Mathcad - EPRBell
... The switches on the detectors are set randomly so that all nine possible settings of the two detectors occur with equal frequency. Local realism holds that objects have properties independent of measurement and that measurements at one location on a particle cannot influence measurements of another ...
... The switches on the detectors are set randomly so that all nine possible settings of the two detectors occur with equal frequency. Local realism holds that objects have properties independent of measurement and that measurements at one location on a particle cannot influence measurements of another ...
Visibility of interference in Feynman`s atomic light microscope
... the expression for the dependence of visibility on dk i . The experimental regain of visibility, induced by selecting a subset of atoms from the set of all those transmitted through the third grating, was explained by studying the dependence of visibility on the probability distribution of transferr ...
... the expression for the dependence of visibility on dk i . The experimental regain of visibility, induced by selecting a subset of atoms from the set of all those transmitted through the third grating, was explained by studying the dependence of visibility on the probability distribution of transferr ...
Coherence versus decoherence – a few illustrative examples
... As is well known, quantum computation has the prerequisite of quantum coherence such that the state stored in each qubit can stay stable. However, the perturbation of the stochastic process f (t) is expected to lead to total decoherence. The resultant loss of information is captured by the asymptoti ...
... As is well known, quantum computation has the prerequisite of quantum coherence such that the state stored in each qubit can stay stable. However, the perturbation of the stochastic process f (t) is expected to lead to total decoherence. The resultant loss of information is captured by the asymptoti ...
Counting Quanta with Occam`s Razor
... is a problem-solving principle devised by William of Ockham (c. 1287–1347). The principle states that among competing hypotheses that predict equally well, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected. Other, more complicated solutions may ultimately prove to provide better predictions, bu ...
... is a problem-solving principle devised by William of Ockham (c. 1287–1347). The principle states that among competing hypotheses that predict equally well, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected. Other, more complicated solutions may ultimately prove to provide better predictions, bu ...
can life explain quantum mechanics?
... essential question of the origin of life is to find a physical basis for this clear, empirical dichotomy in the behaviour of matter. In particular we may ask: what is the simplest set of physical conditions that would allow matter to branch into two pathways—the living and lifeless—-but under a sing ...
... essential question of the origin of life is to find a physical basis for this clear, empirical dichotomy in the behaviour of matter. In particular we may ask: what is the simplest set of physical conditions that would allow matter to branch into two pathways—the living and lifeless—-but under a sing ...
Observable1 The term observable has become the - Philsci
... The generalized representation of observables as positive operator measures was discovered by several authors in the 1960s (e.g., [6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13]) and has by now become a standard element of quantum mechanics. It has greatly advanced the mathematical coherence and conceptual clarity of the t ...
... The generalized representation of observables as positive operator measures was discovered by several authors in the 1960s (e.g., [6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13]) and has by now become a standard element of quantum mechanics. It has greatly advanced the mathematical coherence and conceptual clarity of the t ...
The roads not taken: empty waves, wavefunction collapse and
... of imagining how the quantum world works between measurements is surely better than none. Indeed, a benefit of such an approach can be that ‘measurements’ lose their talismanic aspect and become just typical processes described by the theory. In the quest to model quantum systems one notes that, whi ...
... of imagining how the quantum world works between measurements is surely better than none. Indeed, a benefit of such an approach can be that ‘measurements’ lose their talismanic aspect and become just typical processes described by the theory. In the quest to model quantum systems one notes that, whi ...
On the Investigation of Quantum Evolution of a
... energy, called a quantum of light energy – which was later called a ‘photon’. A photon can be represented by a wavepacket which can be identified with wavefunction in quantum theory [1]. As such, the words, ‘wavepacket’ and ‘wavefunction’ for photons are interchangeably used in this article. Underst ...
... energy, called a quantum of light energy – which was later called a ‘photon’. A photon can be represented by a wavepacket which can be identified with wavefunction in quantum theory [1]. As such, the words, ‘wavepacket’ and ‘wavefunction’ for photons are interchangeably used in this article. Underst ...
The past decade has seen a substantial rejuvenation of interest in
... interactions are well accounted for, but their coherent propagation through the system is not fully described. In contrast, a quantum critical point begins from an intermediate coupling regime, which straddles these limiting cases. One can then use the powerful technology of scaling to set up a syst ...
... interactions are well accounted for, but their coherent propagation through the system is not fully described. In contrast, a quantum critical point begins from an intermediate coupling regime, which straddles these limiting cases. One can then use the powerful technology of scaling to set up a syst ...
Bohr–Einstein debates
The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science. An account of the debates was written by Bohr in an article titled ""Discussions with Einsteinon Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics"". Despite their differences of opinion regarding quantum mechanics, Bohr and Einstein had a mutual admiration that was to last the rest of their lives.The debates represent one of the highest points of scientific research in the first half of the twentieth century because it called attention to an element of quantum theory, quantum non-locality, which is absolutely central to our modern understanding of the physical world. The consensus view of professional physicists has been that Bohr proved victorious, and definitively established the fundamental probabilistic character of quantum measurement.