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Word file (122 KB )

... containing 50 g/ml Ampicillin at 24 ºC to OD600 of 0.5. They were then induced with 0.4 mM IPTG for five hours. After induction cells were harvested and frozen at –70 ºC. Bacterial cells from 1 liter of LB culture were resuspended in 25 ml buffer A (25 mM Tris, pH7.2, 10% glycerol, 0.05% NP40, 100 ...
Control in cells and in organisms June 2011
Control in cells and in organisms June 2011

... 3. 1000bp from Kpn1 on site of plasmid / ⅓ way along; 5(a)(ii) ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... Thymine (T) ...
SAY IT WITH DNA: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET: Practice
SAY IT WITH DNA: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET: Practice

... Student Handout Since you will be expected to decipher a DNA message in the unit exam, it would be wise to get as much practice as possible. If you can have fun in the process, so much the better! You are to think up at least one good (clever? funny?) message that can be written using only the 20 sy ...
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA

... sequences and leads to the production of sticky and blunt ends. The DNA sequences used in the construction of recombinant DNA molecules can originate from any species. For example, plant DNA may be joined to bacterial DNA, or human DNA may be joined with fungal DNA. In addition, DNA sequences that d ...
Genetics and Biotechnology
Genetics and Biotechnology

... fragments according to the size of the fragments in a process called gel electrophoresis.  When an electric current is applied, the DNA fragments move toward the positive end of the gel.  The smaller fragments move farther faster than the larger ones.  The unique pattern created based on the size ...
Practical class № 1 (1)
Practical class № 1 (1)

... found out which consists of two cylinders and formed microtubules and located perpendicularly. There was determines that this organelle is a constituent of mitotical spindle of division in animal cells. The name of this organelle is: A. Mitochondria B. Rybosome C. ER D. Centrosome E. Lysosome 19. Th ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Human cells have 46 chromosomes (except the sperm and egg) and if they were connected and stretched out, they would be about 2 meters long • Other organisms have different numbers of chromosomes ...
Errors in the Code
Errors in the Code

... nonsense mutations, a base is changed such that a stop codon is inserted into the mRNA sequence. Translation terminates prematurely, leaving a truncated polypeptide sequence that may not form a functional protein. The organism may be left without a protein that is essential to life. Slide 7 Frame-sh ...
Gene Section ERCC3  (Excision  repair  cross-complementing 3)
Gene Section ERCC3 (Excision repair cross-complementing 3)

... initiation and NER and the role of TFIIH in NER might closely mimic its role in the transcription initiation process. In transcription initiation TFIIH is thought to be involved in unwinding of the promoter site to allowing promoter clearance. In the NER process TFIIH causes unwinding of the lesion- ...
Isolation of a Complementary DNA Clone for the Human
Isolation of a Complementary DNA Clone for the Human

... available (30). This sequence necessitated synthesis of an extremely complex mixture of oligonucleotides in order to include the authentic coding sequence (Fig. 1). In the regions corresponding to amino acids at positions 3 and 5 (Glu) we constructed a mixture that contained 75% glutamine codons and ...
Foundations of Biology
Foundations of Biology

... 5’AGUC-AUG-ACU-UGU-GGU-AGU-UGA-CUAGAAA3’ ...
Your EasyGuide to DNA Polymerases
Your EasyGuide to DNA Polymerases

Genome structure and organization
Genome structure and organization

... Positional cloning – Step 2 identifying candidate genes ...
Binding of the EcoRII methyltransferase to 5
Binding of the EcoRII methyltransferase to 5

Multiplex PCR NZYTaq 2× Green Master Mix
Multiplex PCR NZYTaq 2× Green Master Mix

Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA Technology

... strands of the double helix together are disrupted and the double helix rapidly dissociates into two single strands. This process, called DNA denaturation, was for many years thought to be irreversible. In 1961, however, it was discovered that complementary single strands of DNA will readily re-form ...
zdar_report - Princeton University
zdar_report - Princeton University

... degenerate primers designed to amplify the alkane hydroxylase gene, alkB. Although, I did the PCR a number of times I did not get any results. To make sure that the DNA was amplifiable I conducted PCR with 16S rDNA gene primers. If bacterial DNA is present the 16S PCR is usually positive. As expecte ...
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis

... Nitrogen Bases A, G, C, U ( no T ) copyright cmassengale ...
Methods, Applications and Policy for Agriculture OVERVIEW
Methods, Applications and Policy for Agriculture OVERVIEW

... • Labeling of GM foods has been reshaped by the protest industry over time, from a science issue to a choice issue. • The protest industry is intent on using labeling to drive agricultural biotechnology out of the market − It is allied with the organic industry, which sees this as a way of increasin ...
The Never-Ending Story—The Origin and Diversification of Life
The Never-Ending Story—The Origin and Diversification of Life

... reacts with hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a pyrite crystal (FeS2), or “fool’s gold,” forms as well as hydrogen gas, releasing energy in the process. Feedback loops can develop when two molecules regulate their respective synthesis. Since the formation of pyrite is an exergonic reaction, it has the potenti ...
Chapter 15 – DNA to Proteins
Chapter 15 – DNA to Proteins

... a modification in a cell’s information archive—a change in its genotype. Mutations create new alleles. • There are different types of mutations. – Point mutations result from a single base change. – Chromosome-level mutations are larger in scale, often resulting from the addition or deletion of chro ...
Name: Date: Period: Activity 3.3.1: How is DNA Passed Through the
Name: Date: Period: Activity 3.3.1: How is DNA Passed Through the

Genetic Notes
Genetic Notes

... Are all mutations bad? • Some mutations can result in providing an organism with an advantage for survival. – New variations in species – Dumbo…bigger than normal ears. – What if big ears give an advantage? ...
view PDF
view PDF

... levels in the cell membranes of the enterococci (1 %; Bosley et al., 1990). Production of ethanol in the fermentation of glucose by TI-1T is another key feature separating TI-1T from the homofermentative Enterococci (Stiles & Holzapfel, 1997). Finally, TI-1T tolerates oxygen poorly compared with mos ...
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DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
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