• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
MB 206 Microbial Biotechnology2
MB 206 Microbial Biotechnology2

... into host genome Phage M13 – allows cloned DNA to be isolated in single-stranded form Cosmids hybrids of plasmid-bacteriophage l Artificial chromosomes - Cloning of very large genomic fragments - BACs (bacterial artificial chromosomes) - YACs (yeast artificial chromosomes ...
chapter 21
chapter 21

... • Whenever cells divide, the DNA in the cells needs to replicate -- an exact copy of the DNA needs to be passed to the new cells. • Replication begins when the enzyme helicase unwinds a portion of the helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between the strands. • A nucleoside triphosphate bonds to the suga ...
Powerpoint slides - Berkeley Statistics
Powerpoint slides - Berkeley Statistics

... • Each cell contains a complete copy of the organism's genome. • Cells are of many different types and states E.g. blood, nerve, and skin cells, dividing cells, cancerous cells, etc. • What makes the cells different? • Differential gene expression, i.e., when, where, and in what quantity each gene i ...
Document
Document

... 2ND QUARTER STUDY GUIDE Name_____________________________________Date_______________________Period____________________ ...
MUTATIONS, MUTAGENESIS, AND CARCINOGENESIS
MUTATIONS, MUTAGENESIS, AND CARCINOGENESIS

... Errors at replication ...
Superhero Worksheet 2 - Highline Public Schools
Superhero Worksheet 2 - Highline Public Schools

... Name:____________________________________________ Date:_____________ Period:______________ Super Powers, Secret Identities, and DNA Learning Target: I will be able to illustrate how genes make proteins Background: Part 1: You were just an ordinary student until today. Your DNA is getting changed, an ...
Name Period Chapter 12 Genetics Lesson 1: The Genetic Code
Name Period Chapter 12 Genetics Lesson 1: The Genetic Code

... ii. Chromosomes are located in the cell’s __________________________. b. DNA’s structure is described as a “double helix” because it is formed like a twisted ladder. i. The sides of the ladder are made of _______________ and _______________________molecules. ii. The rungs of the ladder are made of _ ...
GPVEC 2008 Biotech part 1
GPVEC 2008 Biotech part 1

... agriculturally important organisms by selection and breeding. An example of traditional agricultural biotechnology is the development of disease-resistant wheat varieties by cross-breeding different wheat types until the desired disease resistance was present in a resulting new variety. ...
PDF (black and white)
PDF (black and white)

... DNA is made of four subunits, known as nucleo​tides. Each consists of a phosphate, a sugar, and a base. The three bases are: (A) Adenine - Pairs with T (T) Thymine - Pairs with A (G) Guanine - Pairs with C (C) Cytosine - Pairs with G Because A always bonds with T and G always bonds with C, one side ...
Chapter 18 – Gene Mutations and DNA Repair
Chapter 18 – Gene Mutations and DNA Repair

... Strand slippage • Causes small insertions or deletions ...
Mutations are any changes in the genetic material
Mutations are any changes in the genetic material

The Genetic Material
The Genetic Material

... Chromosome theory of Inheritance (Sutton and Boveri 1902) ƒ Chromosomes are in pairs and genes, or their alleles, are located on chromosomes ƒ Homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis so that alleles are segregated ƒ Meiotic products have one of each homologous chromosome but not both ƒ Fertil ...
Chapter 18 – Gene Mutations and DNA Repair
Chapter 18 – Gene Mutations and DNA Repair

... Strand slippage • Causes small insertions or deletions • One nucleotide loops out – On new strand – results in an ...
in Power-Point Format
in Power-Point Format

... Nonradioactive Tracers • Nonradioactive tracers rival radioactive tracers in sensitivity • These tracers do not have hazards: – Health exposure – Handling – Disposal • Increased sensitivity because multiplier effect of enzyme coupled to probe for molecule of interest ...
Brooker Chapter 9
Brooker Chapter 9

... • Homologous Chromosomes: The pair of chromosomes in a diploid individual that have the same overall genetic content. – One member of each homologous pair of chromosomes is inherited from each parent. ...
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics

... • Transcription and translation are the two main processes linking gene to protein • Genes provide the instructions for making specific proteins. • The bridge between DNA and protein synthesis is RNA. • RNA is chemically similar to DNA, except that it contains ribose as its sugar and substitutes the ...
Lecture 18
Lecture 18

... a. RNA precedes DNA so we can consider their differences in terms of natural selection b. Diagram of structure c. Phenotypic change from RNA to DNA i. 2' OH --> 2' H ii. U --> T d. New functions i. SS --> DS independently ii. A = U is A = T iii. 2' OH bulk blocks DS iv. All of DNA is double stranded ...
Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology PPT
Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology PPT

...  The study of how genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs is called pharmacogenomics. Gene therapy  Gene therapy is a technique aimed at correcting mutated genes that cause human diseases.  Scientists insert a normal gene into a chromosome to replace a dysfunctional gene. ...
Chromosome structure & Gene Expression
Chromosome structure & Gene Expression

... chromosome. These bands are identical and characteristic for each pair of homologous chromosomes but differ between different chromosomes. At low resolution, human chromosomes have 300 dark G bands and light interbands. At high resolution there are 2000 of such bands. • Banding pattern of G bands is ...
Chapter 13-DNA Technology
Chapter 13-DNA Technology

... food products that are identical to similar products produced by traditional breeding techniques. Do you think that genetically engineered food products should be labeled as such? Why or why not? ...
Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering

... Roughly 400 million people in the world today are at risk of Vitamin A deficiency, which already affects 100-200 million children. Vitamin A deficiency causes various health problems, including blindness. Because rice is an important crop, eaten by almost half of the people in the world, the Roc ...
Detailed History - Aggie Horticulture
Detailed History - Aggie Horticulture

M0290Datasheet-Lot0601204
M0290Datasheet-Lot0601204

... Unit Definition: One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1 µmol of p-nitrophenylphosphate to p-nitrophenol in a total reaction volume of 1 ml in 1 minute at 37°C (2). Unit Assay Conditions: 1 M diethanolamineHCl (pH 9.8), 0.5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM p-nitrophenylphosphate and enzyme. The ...
Exam 2
Exam 2

... shown that chi structures generally have two pairs of equal length arms (as shown below). Explain why chi structures exhibit this particular symmetry. Homologous recombination is an exchange of DNA between similar or identical molecules of DNA, such as homologous chromosomes. This symmetry arises be ...
Notes Biotechnology Chpt 20
Notes Biotechnology Chpt 20

... gene now and later mtDNA) • Restriction Enzyme Digest – use of enzymes to cut DNA (plasmid mapping and taster gene) • Gel electrophoresis – used to separate different sizes of DNA fragments (plasmid mapping, taster gene, and later mtDNA) • Sequencing – determine exact base sequence of a section of D ...
< 1 ... 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 ... 492 >

DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report