• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
BIOTECHNOLOGY - Bishop Amat Memorial High School
BIOTECHNOLOGY - Bishop Amat Memorial High School

... move toward the positive electrode!  Shorter fragments move further through the gel than longer fragments! (WHY?) ...
plasmid to transform
plasmid to transform

... Agarose provides a matrix through which DNA molecules migrate. • Size – larger molecules move through the matrix slower than small molecules • Concentration – the higher the concentration of agarose, the better the separation of small fragments ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... **You have over 30,000 genes There are different versions of most genes. The different versions of a gene are called alleles. -e.g. one gene codes for opsin green, which helps you see red and green. Some alleles of this gene give you normal vision, some others make you color deficient ...
Phar lecture 6
Phar lecture 6

... repair, BER) cleaves out the base at the glycosidic bond leaving an apurinic or apyrimidinic site (AP). The deoxyribose is then excised by an AP endonuclease along with several ajoining nucleotides. The whole section is then filled in by DNA pol I and DNA ligase. When purine bases are cleaved at the ...
click here
click here

... would produce (3.8 x 106)/512 or 7.4 x 105 fragments. Ans: (c). 2. Inserting a foreign DNA fragment into the BglI site would lead to a disruption of the reading frame in the kan gene. The selection would therefore be for cells that were tetracycline resistant and kanamycin sensitive. Ans: (d). 3. In ...
Comparative Genome Organization in plants: From Sequence and Markers to... and Chromosomes  Summary
Comparative Genome Organization in plants: From Sequence and Markers to... and Chromosomes Summary

... connected by linker DNA. Repetitive sequences probably play a key role in stabilizing this structure. Chromatin Remodeling and Histone Acetylation: Histone acetylation is known to change the structure of the chromatin. It does it by modulating the position of nucleosomes. Changes in nucleosome posit ...
CHNOPS- Simulating Protein Synthesis
CHNOPS- Simulating Protein Synthesis

... blocks of proteins) that our cells make. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in polypeptides, and thus the structure of proteins. In a process called transcription, which takes place in the NUCLEUS of the cell, RNA Polymerase reads and copies the DNA’s nucleotid ...
Review Guide Genetics
Review Guide Genetics

... Co-dominance – trait where the phenotypic effect of 2 alleles in a heterozygous genotype are fully and equally expressed. Neither allele is able to dominate the other so they both show up in their individual form (do NOT blend) Example: White-hair rabbits, Black-fur rabbits, black and white fur rabb ...
Genetics BIO.B.1.2.1 Describe how the process of DNA replication
Genetics BIO.B.1.2.1 Describe how the process of DNA replication

... Co-dominance – trait where the phenotypic effect of 2 alleles in a heterozygous genotype are fully and equally expressed. Neither allele is able to dominate the other so they both show up in their individual form (do NOT blend) Example: White-hair rabbits, Black-fur rabbits, black and white fur rabb ...
Antibiotics and resistance
Antibiotics and resistance

... structurally related to bases but differ in pairing manner • Chemical that react with DNA bases ( base modifiers ) These chemical react directly with the nucleotide bases , alter the chemical structure • Alkylating agents: adding methyl or ethyl group to the oxygen of bases e.g ...
BioBoot Camp Genetics
BioBoot Camp Genetics

... heterozygous genotype. When a dominant gene allele is present it will hide/mask the expression of other alleles and the organism will have the dominant characteristic. Recessive – trait where the phenotypic effect of the recessive allele is only expressed within a homozygous genotype. There must be ...
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering

extranuclear inheritance
extranuclear inheritance

... – Flies fail to recover from CO2 anesthetization (permanently paralyzed) – Sensitivity due to presence of virus called sigma • Transfer to other insect species unsuccessful, suggesting Drosophila genes essential for its continued propagation/function ...
notes
notes

... and many nonrecombinant plasmids. Recombinant DNA plasmids Introduce the DNA into bacterial cells that have a mutation in their own lacZ gene. ...
Dr. Shivani_extranuclear inheritance
Dr. Shivani_extranuclear inheritance

... – Flies fail to recover from CO2 anesthetization (permanently paralyzed) – Sensitivity due to presence of virus called sigma • Transfer to other insect species unsuccessful, suggesting Drosophila genes essential for its continued propagation/function ...
Section 8.7 Mutations
Section 8.7 Mutations

... Two Categories of Mutations: 1.Single Gene – affects one gene – usually caused by an error in DNA replication 2. Chromosomal – affects chromosomes – usually error in meiosis . Usually more harmful since many genes are affected. ...
DNA
DNA

... Sickle-cell anemia is a disorder resulting from a mutation that leads to the production of an abnormal protein. Which component of the DNA molecule provides instructions for the production of the protein? A The phosphate groups B The sugar molecules C The sequence of nitrogen bases D The bonds that ...
Exam #1 Slides
Exam #1 Slides

... Genetic Testing Sickle cell anemia Huntington’s Disease Recessive Disorders ...
Unit 7 (Molecular Biology - DNA) Study Guide KEY
Unit 7 (Molecular Biology - DNA) Study Guide KEY

... ii. These are in addition the main large circular DNA strand. iii. These help to increase variation and survival. ...
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis

... strands RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the mRNA molecule ...
Genetics Genetics, a discipline of biology, is the science of genes
Genetics Genetics, a discipline of biology, is the science of genes

... DNA is held in the sequence of pieces of DNA called genes. A gene is a sequence of DNA that contains genetic information and can influence the phenotype of an organism. Transmission of genetic information in genes is achieved via complementary base pairing. For example, in transcription, when a cell ...
Unit 2 - Molecular and genetic factors in disease
Unit 2 - Molecular and genetic factors in disease

...  Is a special property of the X chromosome in the female one of the two X chromosome in a cell is inactive, so in a similar manner to male ,females only express one copy of genes on the X chromosomes and this process of inactivation is random ,  This can have a bearing on the expression of disease ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition

PDQeX Standard - DNA Extraction
PDQeX Standard - DNA Extraction

... surfaces using a second swab soaked with DNA-free water. ...
Alloimmunization disorders
Alloimmunization disorders

... • Hydrops generally recurs at similar or earlier (not later) gestational age • Risk of hydrops in 1st affected pregnancy = 10% ...
< 1 ... 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 ... 494 >

Cell-free fetal DNA

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA circulating freely in the maternal blood stream. It can be sampled by venipuncture on the mother. Analysis of cffDNA provides a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.cffDNA originates from the trophoblasts making up the placenta. It is estimated that 2-6% of the DNA in the maternal blood is fetal in origin. The fetal DNA is fragmented and makes its way into the maternal bloodstream via shedding of the placental microparticles into the maternal bloodstream (figure 1). Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. cffDNA diminishes quickly after the birth of the baby, so that it is no longer detectable in the maternal blood approximately 2 hours after birth. cffDNA is significantly smaller than the maternal DNA in the bloodstream, with fragments approximately 200bp in size. Many protocols to extract the fetal DNA from the maternal plasma use its size to distinguish it from the maternal DNA.Studies have looked at, and some even optimized, protocols for testing non-compatible RhD factors, sex determination for X-linked genetic disorders and testing for single gene disorders. Current studies are now looking at determining aneuploidies in the developing fetus. These protocols can be done earlier than the current prenatal testing methods, and have no risk of spontaneous abortion, unlike current prenatal testing methods. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has been implemented in the UK and parts of the US; it has clear benefits above the standard tests of chorionic villi sample (CVS) and amniocentesis which have procedure-related miscarriage risks of about 1 in 100 pregnancies and 1 in 200 pregnancies, respectively.As a method of prenatal diagnosis, cell-free fetal DNA techniques share the same ethical and practical issues, such as the possibility of prenatal sex discernment and sex selection.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report