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model for Escherichia coli chromosome packaging supports
model for Escherichia coli chromosome packaging supports

... TF regulates, the higher is its need to be expressed in higher concentrations to regulate targets located dispersedly on the chromosome. In contrast, local or dedicated TFs were found to be expressed in much lower concentrations explaining the reasons for their proximity on the chromosome to their t ...
Generation and analysis of mutated clonal scFv Jiya George
Generation and analysis of mutated clonal scFv Jiya George

... Figure 18: Poly-T tails at the 5′ and 3′ end of a nested PCR optimized anti-R7V gene ......... 59 Figure 19: A: Sequence of pGE20 vector DNA B: Sequence of pGHE20 vector DNA ........ 60 Figure 20: A: Agarose gel electrophoresis (1%) of pAK400 phage DNA B: Agarose gel electrophoresis (1%) of SfiI res ...
Contribution of Gene Amplification to Evolution of
Contribution of Gene Amplification to Evolution of

... Madison, WI), and DNA, using QIAGEN (Valencia, CA) Genomic-tip 100/G, were isolated from the same culture. RNA was treated with DNase I according to the user manual. Total RNA was also isolated from the three clones with only chromosomal point mutations (DA13407, DA13421, and DA13513) in the same wa ...
Important NEW Discoveries and the Latest Molecular Tests for ALS
Important NEW Discoveries and the Latest Molecular Tests for ALS

... • ALS has an incidence rate of one to three per 100,000.15 • The prevalence rate of ALS is four to eight per 100,000.14 • All clinical features reported in familial cases have also been observed in sporadic cases.15 • The clinical diagnosis of ALS can take a year from symptom onset, and along the wa ...
On the maintenance of allozyme and inversion polymorphisms in
On the maintenance of allozyme and inversion polymorphisms in

... (chapter 6). Changesin allele frequenciesat the h(2L)t andSIare geneticallydifferentiated Adh locusin this populationtype are associated with a changeat ïhe aGpdh locus and vice versa,and are in fact govemed by changesin In(2L)t frequencies.Observedgametic disequilibriaamong ïhe Adh and aGpdh loci i ...
Male-Biased Mutation Rate and Divergence in Autosomal, Z
Male-Biased Mutation Rate and Divergence in Autosomal, Z

... Male-Biased Mutation Rate and Divergence in Autosomal, Z-Linked and W-Linked Introns of Chicken and Turkey Erik Axelsson, Nick G.C. Smith,1 Hannah Sundström, Sofia Berlin, and Hans Ellegren Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden To investigate mu ...
The Genetics of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
The Genetics of Spinal Muscular Atrophy

... Figure 5. Schematic of a portion of chromosome 5 that contains the two SMN genes. The major difference between the two SMN gene copies is the C (SMN1) to T (SMN2) nucleotide change in exon 7 in their DNA. Because of this difference, SMN2 mostly makes mRNA message that excludes exon 7 and produces a ...
Gel Electrophoresis - Integrated DNA Technologies
Gel Electrophoresis - Integrated DNA Technologies

... the gel matrix. In the 1980s a theory was put forward that nucleic acids migrated through the gel much the same way that a snake moves. That is, the leading edge moves forward and pulls the rest of the molecule with it. In this model, as the molecule gets longer resistance to being pulled along inc ...
Protein–DNA Interactions: Amino Acid Conservation and the Effects
Protein–DNA Interactions: Amino Acid Conservation and the Effects

... on DNA-sequence recognition. The observations are best understood by assigning each protein family to one of three classes: (i) non-specific, where binding is independent of DNA sequence; (ii) highly specific, where binding is specific and all members of the family target the same DNA sequence; and ...
Manipulating Yeast Genome Using Plasmid Vectors. In: Gene Expression Technology.
Manipulating Yeast Genome Using Plasmid Vectors. In: Gene Expression Technology.

... Yeast vectors are of four general types. These differ in the manner in which they are maintained in yeast cells. YIp (yeast integrating plasmid) vectors lack a yeast replication origin, so must be propagated as integrated elements in a yeast chromosome, usually in a single copy per genome. YRp (yeas ...
Module 1: Nutrition and Weight Gain during Pregnancy
Module 1: Nutrition and Weight Gain during Pregnancy

... DHA has received a great deal of attention in the last few years. DHA can be made from α-linolenic acids within the body, however the conversion in adults is not high. Decreased intakes of DHA have been shown to reduce fetal stores of DHA and may affect early visual recognition in infants. There are ...
Down`s syndrome associated with a balanced
Down`s syndrome associated with a balanced

... Background. Robertsonian translocations involve the long arm of acrocentric chromosomes with chromosomes13q;4q being predominantly involved. This defect can be transmitted along several generations, giving rise to chromosomally abnormal products with complete aneuploidy. It is unusual to observe thi ...
LECTURE 13: EPIGENETICS – IMPRINTING Reading: Ch. 18, p
LECTURE 13: EPIGENETICS – IMPRINTING Reading: Ch. 18, p

... putting either two female pronuclei or two male pronuclei into mouse eggs and then transferring the eggs into a foster mother. Control embryos derived from fusion of a maternally-derived pronucleus and a paternally-derived pronucleus developed normally, but embryos from the fusion of two maternally- ...
TILLING. Traditional Mutagenesis Meets
TILLING. Traditional Mutagenesis Meets

... However, RNAi suppression is laborious because it requires vector construction, transformation, and transgenic analysis. In addition, its outcome is unpredictable and often variable (Chuang and Meyerowitz, 2000; Jackson et al., 2003). The scientist pursuing the function of this gene would find it ad ...
Molar Pregnancy
Molar Pregnancy

... fertilize an egg. Instead of forming twins, something goes wrong, leading to a pregnancy with an abnormal fetus and an abnormal placenta. The baby has too many chromosomes and almost always dies in the uterus. Thus, molar pregnancies are "accidents of nature" that are not anyone’s fault. They are no ...
ABO Blood Group System
ABO Blood Group System

Applications of Molecular genetics in - e
Applications of Molecular genetics in - e

... Location: chromosome 22, bp 28936331 - 28936414 agtgcagcagatccttcttaaccatagtatttatttggaatttttttctaattgcagatg taaattgtgcagaatgcagaaaggtaggactcacctgtgcatgcgtgtgtgcctctatgc acacacacacacacacacacacacacacaacgggaggaaaagccaagatcatttatagct cactaccctgggtagccctggttaacccctcagagtacctccctccagtctttcatttat tccctgaa ...
Geminivirus Replication Origins Have a Modular
Geminivirus Replication Origins Have a Modular

... by geminiviruses with bipartite genomes (Howarth and Vandemark, 1989; Etessami et al., 1991; Lazarowitz et al., 1992). This conservation also extends to the AL1 homologs encoded by geminiviruses with a single genome component (Mullineaux et al., 1985; Accotto et al., 1989; Lazarowitz et al., 1989; S ...
IBC Risk Assessment Form_FINAL
IBC Risk Assessment Form_FINAL

... Please note: Any work utilizing recombinant and/or synthetic nucleic acids at UW Oshkosh must be disclosed, regardless of the type of work conducted. Some work may be considered Exempt and some work may be considered Non-Exempt according to federal regulations found within the NIH Guidelines for Res ...
Cytogenetics
Cytogenetics

... alcohol, oestrogen replacement therapy  Frequent screening by mammography is useful ...
Coupling of zygotic transcription to mitotic control at the Drosophila
Coupling of zygotic transcription to mitotic control at the Drosophila

... (Edgar et al., 1986). These observations have led to a model in which the exponential increase in DNA content during cleavage stages results in the titration and inactivation of a hypothetical cytoplasmic factor that inhibits onset of the MBT before the embryo attains the correct N/C ratio. However, ...
change in `ploidy`
change in `ploidy`

... 2. Mechanism #2: Inversion (changes the order of genes on a chromosome) 3. Mechanism #3: Translocation (gene or genes move to another homologous set) ...
Joint analysis of the influence of CYP11B1 and DGAT1 genetic
Joint analysis of the influence of CYP11B1 and DGAT1 genetic

... pM each of forward and reverse primer, and 5% DMSO because of a GC-rich (66%) PCR product. The PCR profile included 1 cycle of 15 min at 95°C, followed by 10 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 30 s at 72°C to 62°C (1°C less every cycle) and 45 s at 72°C, followed by 30 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 30 s at 62°C, and ...
- Tubal Reversal
- Tubal Reversal

... train your dog not do so. In addition, wash your hands thoroughly after handling your dog or the dog litter to avoid parasitic infections. Furthermore, make sure your dog is treated with parasitic infection prevention measures. Cats - be careful of toxoplasmosis when handling your cat. Toxoplasmosis ...
A Molecular Genetic Study of Factor XI Deficiency
A Molecular Genetic Study of Factor XI Deficiency

... second, that a substantial proportion of heterozygotes bleed excessively. In addition, it is apparent from the pedigrees given in the Appendix that the bleeding tendency within these families is variable. ...
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Cell-free fetal DNA

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA circulating freely in the maternal blood stream. It can be sampled by venipuncture on the mother. Analysis of cffDNA provides a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.cffDNA originates from the trophoblasts making up the placenta. It is estimated that 2-6% of the DNA in the maternal blood is fetal in origin. The fetal DNA is fragmented and makes its way into the maternal bloodstream via shedding of the placental microparticles into the maternal bloodstream (figure 1). Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. cffDNA diminishes quickly after the birth of the baby, so that it is no longer detectable in the maternal blood approximately 2 hours after birth. cffDNA is significantly smaller than the maternal DNA in the bloodstream, with fragments approximately 200bp in size. Many protocols to extract the fetal DNA from the maternal plasma use its size to distinguish it from the maternal DNA.Studies have looked at, and some even optimized, protocols for testing non-compatible RhD factors, sex determination for X-linked genetic disorders and testing for single gene disorders. Current studies are now looking at determining aneuploidies in the developing fetus. These protocols can be done earlier than the current prenatal testing methods, and have no risk of spontaneous abortion, unlike current prenatal testing methods. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has been implemented in the UK and parts of the US; it has clear benefits above the standard tests of chorionic villi sample (CVS) and amniocentesis which have procedure-related miscarriage risks of about 1 in 100 pregnancies and 1 in 200 pregnancies, respectively.As a method of prenatal diagnosis, cell-free fetal DNA techniques share the same ethical and practical issues, such as the possibility of prenatal sex discernment and sex selection.
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