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HONORS BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2015
HONORS BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2015

... 20. In a population of individuals. Hemophilia occurs more frequently in males than in females. Why? 21. Colorblindness is an X-linked (sex-linked) trait. What kind of gametes can a colorblind male produce? A colorblind female? 22. A colorblind male is crossed with a normal (non-carrier female), wha ...
PDF
PDF

... Different mutations by converging on a loss of function of WT1 protein isoforms result in a spectrum of disorders, namely Frasier, Denys-Drash and WAGR syndromes, commonly characterized by renal disease, intersex and predisposition to tumorigenesis.12 As for genital abnormalities, sexes are not simi ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... (Y chromosome -carries the information which produces maleness in humans. A hormone (TDF) is released in human males at 6/7th weeks gestation. The presence or absence of this protein determines the sex of the child. Disjunction disorders - Sex chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis. Spe ...
GeneticsJeopardy-1415
GeneticsJeopardy-1415

... DNA is the molecule that codes for heredity. Normally it is in the form of chromatin, but during cell division it forms structures called chromosomes. A gene is a specific part of a chromosome that is responsible for a certain trait. Alleles are the variations or “flavors” of a gene. ...
DNA Barcoding
DNA Barcoding

... Imagine getting bitten by a spider, but being unable to tell what kind of spider it was (poisonous or not?!). To help organize our understanding of the diversity of species in the living world, Carl Linneaus invented a system for naming and classifying organisms in 1735. We still use this system tod ...
Molecular Cell Biology Prof. D. Karunagaran Department of
Molecular Cell Biology Prof. D. Karunagaran Department of

... stretch up to 2 meters. ...
Acute diarrhea
Acute diarrhea

... Structure of nucleic acids:DNA&RNA Nucleic acid is composed of a long polymer of individual molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule. The nitrogenous bases fall into two types, purines and pyrimidin, the purines includ ...
TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION
TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION

... substitutions do not affect the final protein. Consider a change from UAC to UAU. Although the third nucleotide has changed, both codons code for tyrosine, so the final protein is the same. Sometimes point mutations result in a frame-shift mutation. In this case, a single nucleotide is added or delete ...
Lesson 3 | DNA and Genetics
Lesson 3 | DNA and Genetics

... 3. Choose four colors of chenille stems. Each color represents one of the four nitrogen bases. Record the color of each nitrogen base in your ...
the alcohol of great britain and tennessee and the tobacco of
the alcohol of great britain and tennessee and the tobacco of

... • More frequent visits to identify medical and psychosocial problems early • Random urine toxicologies • Order and repeat appropriate tests as necessary • Establish an ongoing relationship with the patient’s therapeutic drug program • Establish an ongoing relationship with patient’s significant othe ...
10.1 filled in notes CD
10.1 filled in notes CD

... Cell size is also limited by the cell’s DNA. – If the cell gets too large, DNA instructions cannot be copied quickly enough to make the proteins that the cell needs to support itself. ...
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... (XPA gene) • Genetically engineered to not express XPA gene • Mice are UV sensitive and develop tumors • Use mice for DNA repair/cancer study ...
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Outlines_Ch16

... • The membrane protein VirA is autophosphorylated on histidine when it binds an inducer. • VirA activates VirG by transferring the phosphate group to it. • The VirA-VirG is one of several bacterial two component systems that use a phosphohistidine relay. ...
Targeted Fluorescent Reporters: Additional slides
Targeted Fluorescent Reporters: Additional slides

... covalently bonded to the chain, the enzyme undergoes a conformational change and incorrectly bound nucleotide is more likely to dissociate during this step than a correct one. 12. When an incorrect nucleotide is located, a different part of the DNA polymerase will clip it off. 13. An RNA primer is p ...
Inheritance of Sex
Inheritance of Sex

... •Metabolic disorders such a phenylketonuria (PKU) -Autosomal recessive (Chromosome 12) -non-functional enzyme (phenylalanine hydroxylase) Inability to break-down essential amino acid phenylalanine--> •build-up in blood causes mental retardation –Controlled by diet if caught early ...
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... 2. Results in the formations of new mRNA codons leading to a change in the polypeptide structure 3. Types are: insertion or deletion ...
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Lec 08 - Development of e

... Females containing CIB chromosome are called as CIB stock drosophila. The normal males are exposed to mutagenic source for a fixed period and then mated to the CIB stock drosophila. Males containing CIB chromosome will die due to the effect of lethal genes, whereas norm ill males and females both no ...
PTC Lab Opt Out Form
PTC Lab Opt Out Form

... The risk of spreading an infectious agent by this lab method is much less likely than from natural atomizing processes, such as coughing or sneezing. Several elements further minimize any risk of spreading an infectious agent that might be present in saline mouthwash samples: - Each student will wor ...
Biochemistry
Biochemistry

...  To understand how we classify vertebrates based on their physical traits and genes (Semester 1).  To understand the process of protein synthesis and how proteins affect the physical traits of an organism.  To understand how biotechnology can be used to further our understanding of vertebrate evo ...
Biochemistry + Organic molecules
Biochemistry + Organic molecules

... organic molecules • 3.) Proteins- Some control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. Some are used to form bones and muscles, or transport substances in and out of cells or help fight disease. – Amino Acids- are the building blocks of protein. Amino acids have an amino group and a carb ...
Diapositive 1
Diapositive 1

... Nuclear bases can be incorporated by oocyte and preimplantation embryos (Σ Nucleosides) The nucleotide pool sanitization enzymes are the first defences against mutagenesis, and the human oocyte is well equipped with NUDT (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X), the major enzyme involved (Removal of ...
BPS 555
BPS 555

... Likely functions of telomeres: •Maintain structural integrity-loss of a telomere can result in fusion with another broken chromosome or can be degraded. •Establish chromosome positioning •Ensure complete replication. The end replication problem is solved by telomerase, an RNA-protein enzyme. Telome ...
Proposed technology: Multi-chambered microfluidic
Proposed technology: Multi-chambered microfluidic

... – $0.65 – $1.10 per bp for custom gene synthesis services – Example: synthesis of bacterial genomes 106bp in size become prohibitively costly, requiring on the order of $100, 000 in oligos alone ...
Genetics - wongweicong
Genetics - wongweicong

... depends on its transmittance. Its length can vary greatly, its intricacy can’t be outdone. It can be as short as a hundred bases, Two million is a long one. ...
File
File

... • A cross between individuals that involves the pairing of contrasting traits ...
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Cell-free fetal DNA

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA circulating freely in the maternal blood stream. It can be sampled by venipuncture on the mother. Analysis of cffDNA provides a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.cffDNA originates from the trophoblasts making up the placenta. It is estimated that 2-6% of the DNA in the maternal blood is fetal in origin. The fetal DNA is fragmented and makes its way into the maternal bloodstream via shedding of the placental microparticles into the maternal bloodstream (figure 1). Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. cffDNA diminishes quickly after the birth of the baby, so that it is no longer detectable in the maternal blood approximately 2 hours after birth. cffDNA is significantly smaller than the maternal DNA in the bloodstream, with fragments approximately 200bp in size. Many protocols to extract the fetal DNA from the maternal plasma use its size to distinguish it from the maternal DNA.Studies have looked at, and some even optimized, protocols for testing non-compatible RhD factors, sex determination for X-linked genetic disorders and testing for single gene disorders. Current studies are now looking at determining aneuploidies in the developing fetus. These protocols can be done earlier than the current prenatal testing methods, and have no risk of spontaneous abortion, unlike current prenatal testing methods. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has been implemented in the UK and parts of the US; it has clear benefits above the standard tests of chorionic villi sample (CVS) and amniocentesis which have procedure-related miscarriage risks of about 1 in 100 pregnancies and 1 in 200 pregnancies, respectively.As a method of prenatal diagnosis, cell-free fetal DNA techniques share the same ethical and practical issues, such as the possibility of prenatal sex discernment and sex selection.
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