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Prenatal Chromosomal Microarray - GEC-KO
Prenatal Chromosomal Microarray - GEC-KO

... and may assist in counselling about prenatal and postnatal outcomes and management options Limitations: Not all pathogenic findings are associated with a severe clinical presentation, and the clinical presentation can be extremely variable. Uncertainty often remains and may cause anxiety for a pregn ...
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... The offspring of any mating between humans will have a 50:50 chance of having 2 X chromosomes, XX, which is female, or having one X and one Y chromosome, XY, which is male. ...
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... and draw a direct link between gene and the behavior. This works great with monogenic traits, but it isn’t as easy with pleotropic and polygenic traits. 2. You need to define the ________________________. Some of the behaviors that have been labeled genetic include; violence, infidelity, alcoholism, ...
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... Autosomal Aneuploidy : Consequences •Increased foetal loss •Poor growth (prenatal & postnatal) •Abnormal dysmorphic appearance •Structural malformations (e.g. congenital heart disease) •Developmental delay •Monosomy (single copy) more severe than trisomy (three copies) ...
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... has been ongoing since the origin or organelles from free-living prokaryotes. Movement of DNA from organelles to the nucleus occurs at very high rates. These rates have been measured experimentally for mitochondria in yeast and more recently for plastids using transgenic chloroplast technology in to ...
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Cell-free fetal DNA

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA circulating freely in the maternal blood stream. It can be sampled by venipuncture on the mother. Analysis of cffDNA provides a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.cffDNA originates from the trophoblasts making up the placenta. It is estimated that 2-6% of the DNA in the maternal blood is fetal in origin. The fetal DNA is fragmented and makes its way into the maternal bloodstream via shedding of the placental microparticles into the maternal bloodstream (figure 1). Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. cffDNA diminishes quickly after the birth of the baby, so that it is no longer detectable in the maternal blood approximately 2 hours after birth. cffDNA is significantly smaller than the maternal DNA in the bloodstream, with fragments approximately 200bp in size. Many protocols to extract the fetal DNA from the maternal plasma use its size to distinguish it from the maternal DNA.Studies have looked at, and some even optimized, protocols for testing non-compatible RhD factors, sex determination for X-linked genetic disorders and testing for single gene disorders. Current studies are now looking at determining aneuploidies in the developing fetus. These protocols can be done earlier than the current prenatal testing methods, and have no risk of spontaneous abortion, unlike current prenatal testing methods. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has been implemented in the UK and parts of the US; it has clear benefits above the standard tests of chorionic villi sample (CVS) and amniocentesis which have procedure-related miscarriage risks of about 1 in 100 pregnancies and 1 in 200 pregnancies, respectively.As a method of prenatal diagnosis, cell-free fetal DNA techniques share the same ethical and practical issues, such as the possibility of prenatal sex discernment and sex selection.
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