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Lecture 34, Apr 23
Lecture 34, Apr 23

... Helicase, single-strand-binding proteins and topoisomerase each have important roles in widening and stabilizing the replication fork. 3. A separate molecule of the enzyme called primase binds to each of the two strands of separated DNA. Primase catalyzes the synthesis of a molecule of RNA with base ...
mutations - s3.amazonaws.com
mutations - s3.amazonaws.com

...  Mutations can arise spontaneously and are in no sense directed by the environment.  Mutations are persistent. They tend to be transmitted through many generations without further change.  The vast majority of mutations confer disadvantages on the organisms that inherit ...
appendix h: detection and significance of genetic abnormalities
appendix h: detection and significance of genetic abnormalities

... incidence in subjects with a high level of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes compared to subjects with a low level of chromosome aberrations. In the Czech cohort a significant association was shown between chromosomal aberrations and cancer in workers exposed to radon, bit this ...
Ku Binds Telomeric DNA in Vitro - Titia de Lange Lab
Ku Binds Telomeric DNA in Vitro - Titia de Lange Lab

... The DNA binding activity of Ku suggests that the protein may bind directly to telomeric DNA. However, because of the interaction of Hdf1p with Sir4p in yeast two-hybrid assays (39), it is also possible that in yeast, the interaction of Ku with the telomere is mediated by protein-protein interactions ...
BIOLOGY 2013-‐2014 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
BIOLOGY 2013-‐2014 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

... State  at  least  3  differences  between  mitosis  and  meiosis   Explain  why  the  23rd  pair  is  different  in  human  chromosomes   Draw  examples  of  animal  cells  during  meiosis   ...
Case Study
Case Study

... oxygen also. D.S. had a normal hemoglobin level of 12.7 g/dl; normal range for a female is 1216 g/dl. The hematocrit level gives the percentage of red blood cells that is in a given volume of blood. D.S.’s hematoctrit was 36.6%, which is lower than normal and is a result of physiologic anemia. This ...
Biology EOC Review Pack
Biology EOC Review Pack

... that they will have a child with blood type A if both of Mr. Jones’s parents were AB? ...
DNA Keychains: Spell Your Initials Using the Genetic Code!!!!! This
DNA Keychains: Spell Your Initials Using the Genetic Code!!!!! This

... code  is  read  by  the  cellular  machinery  to  make  proteins.    This  is  how   your  genes  are  expressed  to  produce  the  traits  you  observe!    To  read  the   DNA,  your  cells  use  the  Genetic  Code,  where  eve ...
Simultaneous mutation scanning for gross deletions
Simultaneous mutation scanning for gross deletions

... largest human genes currently known (dystrophin) using 12 multiplex PCR assays. A blind trial of 50 male and 50 female samples, in which 84 mutations had previously been found and characterized by other techniques, showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. We then applied this method to screen over 1 ...
Document
Document

... • Human eggs contain 23 chromosomes selected from the mother’s 46. One chromosome is selected from each of the 23 pairs of chromosomes • Human sperm contain 23 chromosomes selected from the father’s 46. One chromosome is selected from each of the 23 ...
Answers to test 1
Answers to test 1

... 1. A biologist interested in the development of ears, generates a number of ear mutations in mice using the chemical mutagen, EMS. She then attempts to determine whether each mutant shows segregation consistent with single gene ratios by carrying out the appropriate set of crosses. This process abov ...
Student Guide
Student Guide

... In 1931, a chemist named Arthur Fox sat down and started to measure some chemicals. Pouring hastily, some of the powdery chemical ballooned into the surrounding air. Fox’s colleagues, all standing a few feet away from him, complained of the bitter taste in the air due to the chemical. Fox was perple ...
non-disclosure testing - Reproductive Genetic Innovations
non-disclosure testing - Reproductive Genetic Innovations

... Please make sure to check with one of our genetic counselors to ensure that both options are available to you based on your family history and availability of DNA samples from other family members. If both options are a possibility, you may wish to consider the following advantages and disadvantages ...
Demonstration that the Neurospora crassa mutation un
Demonstration that the Neurospora crassa mutation un

... actual open reading frame responsible remains unknown. Among these are several temperature-sensitive lethal mutations known as unknown (Inoue and Ishikawa, 1970; Ishikawa and Perkins, 1983). As part of our continuing effort to define the gene defect associated with these otherwise anonymous temperat ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... the plasmid transfers itself. If the plasmid is integrated into the bacterial chromosome when it comes time to transfer, then it drags part or all of the bacterial genes along with it. Once inside, the new bit of DNA finds the corresponding stretch of DNA in the resident chromosome and replaces it. ...
Griffith`s Experiment
Griffith`s Experiment

... Bacteria R obtained the DNA from the dead pneumoniacausing bacteria (SD). The R bacteria were changed (or, “transformed”) into SA bacteria which killed the mice (pneumonia). The transformed bacteria were able to transmit the virulent property to offspring. DNA is the code that determines an organism ...
DNA is our core Information on materials for sample
DNA is our core Information on materials for sample

... This swab-type is only provided by VHL but can be processed by Certagen, too. This swab may be used for retrieving buccal swabs. Species: Cat, Dog Number of swabs per animal: 1 Please make sure that – if possible – the mouth is rinsed with water before sampling. After rinsing, optimally wait one hou ...
1 - KSU Faculty Member websites
1 - KSU Faculty Member websites

... is due to disjunction of chromosomes. B. individuals have two number-21 chromosomes. C. may occur at a lower rate in women over 40. D. can occur if the sperm has an extra number-21 chromosome. Answer:D ...
Recitation Section 16 Recombination and Pedigrees
Recitation Section 16 Recombination and Pedigrees

... 9. Consider the pedigree below showing the inheritance of two X-linked diseases, hemophilia A and hemophilia B . Hemophilia A is due to a lack of one clotting factor, and hemophilia B is due to a lack of a different clotting factor. These two clotting factors are encoded by two different genes, loc ...
DNA replication
DNA replication

... fingerprinting used in forensic and paternity testing (p. 70). Although often located near the telomeres, hypervariable minisatellite DNA also occurs at other locations in the chromosomes. ...
Protein Synthesis Mutation WebQuest
Protein Synthesis Mutation WebQuest

Activation of Transcription
Activation of Transcription

... a mechanism that generates protein diversity Protein diversity also generated via alternate splicing Regulates gene expression at the level of RNA processing A mechanism by which a single gene can encode two or more related proteins ...
Case 2 - Elena
Case 2 - Elena

... risk, pregnant women should not change the kitty litter, should wear a mask and gloves while gardening and avoid undercooked meat. Dogs: the largest risk is dog bites once the baby is born. Reptiles/Amphibians: contact with the faeces of these pets can result in the transmission of salmonella. This ...
PowerPoint file
PowerPoint file

... Differentiate between horizontal and vertical gene transfer. Describe the functions of plasmids and transposons. © 2004 by Jones and Bartlett Publishers ...
013368718X_CH04_047
013368718X_CH04_047

... mutations: gene mutations and chromosomal mutations.  Gene mutations produce changes in a single gene. Point mutations involve only one or a few nucleotides. Substitutions, insertions, and deletions are all types of point mutations.  In a substitution, one base is changed to a different base, whic ...
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Cell-free fetal DNA

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA circulating freely in the maternal blood stream. It can be sampled by venipuncture on the mother. Analysis of cffDNA provides a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.cffDNA originates from the trophoblasts making up the placenta. It is estimated that 2-6% of the DNA in the maternal blood is fetal in origin. The fetal DNA is fragmented and makes its way into the maternal bloodstream via shedding of the placental microparticles into the maternal bloodstream (figure 1). Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. cffDNA diminishes quickly after the birth of the baby, so that it is no longer detectable in the maternal blood approximately 2 hours after birth. cffDNA is significantly smaller than the maternal DNA in the bloodstream, with fragments approximately 200bp in size. Many protocols to extract the fetal DNA from the maternal plasma use its size to distinguish it from the maternal DNA.Studies have looked at, and some even optimized, protocols for testing non-compatible RhD factors, sex determination for X-linked genetic disorders and testing for single gene disorders. Current studies are now looking at determining aneuploidies in the developing fetus. These protocols can be done earlier than the current prenatal testing methods, and have no risk of spontaneous abortion, unlike current prenatal testing methods. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has been implemented in the UK and parts of the US; it has clear benefits above the standard tests of chorionic villi sample (CVS) and amniocentesis which have procedure-related miscarriage risks of about 1 in 100 pregnancies and 1 in 200 pregnancies, respectively.As a method of prenatal diagnosis, cell-free fetal DNA techniques share the same ethical and practical issues, such as the possibility of prenatal sex discernment and sex selection.
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