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Modified PDF
Modified PDF

... recruitment, DBP might also help to destabilize the origin since initiation on a partially singlestranded origin can not be stimulated by DBP anymore[B. van Breukelen, unpublished]. Mutants defective in unwinding can still stimulate initiation. Therefore, rather than ascribing the stimulation to sim ...
Prediction of Effective genome size in metagenomics samples
Prediction of Effective genome size in metagenomics samples

... Expect genome size increases proportionally to the inverse marker gene density 1/x at any given length L: EGS = c(L)/x, where c(L) is a readlength dependent calibration factor Based on manual comparison of a variety of possible functional forms, c(L) is well approximated by a power law, c(L) = a + b ...
AP Biology
AP Biology

... AP Lab Three: Comparing DNA Sequences to Understand Evolutionary Relationships with BLAST In the 1990’s when scientists began to compile a list of genes and DNA sequences in the human genome it became abundantly clear that we were eventually going to need a place to put all of these sequences. One o ...
Understanding the role of markers in locating genes: Flowering Time
Understanding the role of markers in locating genes: Flowering Time

... The task of the students is to perform a two-tailed student t-test on each of the markers in a given data set to determine which biomarker is significantly linked with the gene or QTL associated with flowering time. It will provide the students the opportunity to use real-life data from an actual re ...


... accounts for 95% of malignant tumors of the stomach. The main cause appears to be a combination of environmental, dietary and genetic factors. The TCF4 gene is located at the 18q21.1 locus and is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation in a broad range of human tumors. The gene belongs to bHL ...
Exporter la page en pdf
Exporter la page en pdf

... consist of megabase-scale domains of coordinated origin firing separated by large originless transition regions. Here, we report a quantitative genome-wide analysis of DNA replication kinetics in several human cell types that contradicts this view. DNA combing in HeLa cells sorted into four temporal ...
Document
Document

... the same genetic information as their parent. The double-stranded structure of DNA provides a simple mechanism for DNA replication. Here, the two strands are separated and then each strand's complementary DNA sequence is recreated by an enzyme called DNA polymerase. This enzyme makes the complementa ...
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

... the bases of DNA and RNA. Fragments of linear DNA migrate through agarose gels with a mobility that is inversely proportional to the log10 of their molecular weight. However, circular forms of DNA migrate in agarose distinctly differently from linear DNAs of the same mass. Uncut plasmids will migrat ...
Finding Eukaryotic Open reading frames.
Finding Eukaryotic Open reading frames.

w + gene is silenced in some cells
w + gene is silenced in some cells

... "autonomously replicating sequences" (ARSs) ARSs permit replication of plasmids in yeast cells AT-rich consensus sequence found in all ARS elements, flanked by sequences that promote replication initiation ARS1 (below) is the first ARS to be characterized ...
Complete genome sequence of Roseophage vB_DshP
Complete genome sequence of Roseophage vB_DshP

... E. coli N4, Roseophage DSS3P2 and vB_DshP-R1 were present, which suggested that they were strongly homologous. Based on the alignment of the DNA pol amino acid sequences, phage vB_DshP-R1 closely clustered with the four representative N4 Roseophages (~80% identity) described above (Figure 2). Analys ...
Genetics Test I Review - Daytona State College
Genetics Test I Review - Daytona State College

... same phenotype (for example, a change in wing structure in flies) produce offspring with the wild-type phenotype when mated or crossed. Complementation will occur only if the mutations are in different genes. In this case, each strain's genome supplies the wild-type allele to "complement" the mutate ...
Instructions fro BLAST Alignment of sequences
Instructions fro BLAST Alignment of sequences

... For cells to function properly, they need to be able to repair errors in their DNA. These errors can arise when DNA is being copied, or when DNA somehow becomes damaged when exposed to chemicals or radiation. The breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1) encodes a protein that is involved in DNA rep ...
Facilitation of chromatin dynamics by SARs Craig M Hart and Ulrich
Facilitation of chromatin dynamics by SARs Craig M Hart and Ulrich

... reporter gene increased expression levels 24-fold in tobacco plant cell lines [22]. The SAR effect is only observed following stable integration into the genome in all biological systems tested [22–24]. These cis-acting elements hence appear to require a chromatin environment as transiently transfec ...
Validation and Replication
Validation and Replication

... Examples from our group We have utilised a number of different processes: Repeat the experiment in the same samples using a different methodology Repeat the experiment in the same samples using a different source of tissue but the same technique Include extra samples to increase robustness Assess d ...
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Complete genome sequence of Roseophage vB_DshP
Complete genome sequence of Roseophage vB_DshP

... E. coli N4, Roseophage DSS3P2 and vB_DshP-R1 were present, which suggested that they were strongly homologous. Based on the alignment of the DNA pol amino acid sequences, phage vB_DshP-R1 closely clustered with the four representative N4 Roseophages (~80% identity) described above (Figure 2). Analys ...
10 Day Lesson Plan - Joseph L. Anderson
10 Day Lesson Plan - Joseph L. Anderson

... we examine the process further, we must know the fundamental difference between DNA and RNA. RNA does not have two sides as DNA. There is a slight difference in the sugar phosphate structure. RNA has one base that is different than DNA. This base replaces thymine and is called uracil. RNA also comes ...
Slides
Slides

... §RNA base sequence complementary to the TG-rich sequence of telomeres §Uses sequence to synthesize a single-stranded DNA to extend the 3′ strand §Telomere end-binding proteins (TEBPs) –binds to GT rich telomere sequences §Telomere repeat-binding factors (TRFs)– secure 3’ end ...
chapter 3 transmission genetics – chromosomes, recombination and
chapter 3 transmission genetics – chromosomes, recombination and

Final Exam Review Part B - Hudson City School District
Final Exam Review Part B - Hudson City School District

... • A. same structures, same functions, same origins • B. same structures, different functions, same origins • C. different structures, same functions, same origins • D. different structures, same functions, different origins • ANSWER: B ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... 20) The process of producing proteins from DNA involves two different steps. What is the term used to describe each step, and what happens during each of these steps? Answer: The DNA is transcribed into mRNA during the first step. The mRNA is then translated into proteins in the second step. Section ...
WORD - Pickerhead
WORD - Pickerhead

... You’ve written about how scientists themselves distort what is known, mainly by making the evidence they have seem stronger than it really is. For example, you counted up instances in which researchers wrote that skipping breakfast “caused” weight gain, when in fact their study merely showed that sk ...
DNA SEQUENCING (using a Li
DNA SEQUENCING (using a Li

... fragment, then the run time will be short (1-2 h). If the fragment is long, and the desired sequence is closer to the 3' end, then the run time will be longer (2-5 h). The other method of sequencing DNA (Sanger 1977) uses a polymerization reaction (using DNA polymerase) in conjunction with mixtures ...
0 - Northern Arizona University
0 - Northern Arizona University

... PURPOSE: To provide standardized training for all laboratory workers at Dr. F. Monroy’s Lab at Northern Arizona University. 1. Student/Employee and supervisors are both responsible for implementing this training checklist. 2. Students/Employee are not allowed to do lab work without approved training ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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