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DNA - department of computer & electrical engineering and
DNA - department of computer & electrical engineering and

... Contain genetic material Separated from the rest of the cell by a nuclear membrane ...
41. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not
41. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not

... determine whether a particular allele of a gene is dominant or recessive. c. identify similarities and differences in the genomes of different kinds of organisms. d. compare the phenotypes of different organisms. A Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT a. the genotypes of the offspring. b ...
Chromosomes, Chromatids, Loci, and Alleles
Chromosomes, Chromatids, Loci, and Alleles

... Chromosomes, Chromatids, Loci, and Alleles During interphase, the cell is functioning normally and the DNA is unraveled and impossible to see. Then, at some point in the cell’s life cycle, the cell will start to prepare for cell division through either mitosis (somatic cells) or meiosis (sex cells). ...
Unit 1 content check list
Unit 1 content check list

... Describe the structure of a nucleotide Number the carbons on the sugar in a nucleotide State that DNA is a double stranded double helix with antiparallel strands Describe how covalent bonds are involved in producing DNA strands State the complementary base pairing found in DNA State what is meant by ...
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Leader Discussion Guide
Leader Discussion Guide

... In the genetic alphabet, each small combination of nucleotides stands for a particular amino acid. These nucleotide combinations are thus used to write instructions in each cell’s massive DNA code that tells it how to make more living cells and how to function. There are four nucleotide bases in liv ...
02421-11.1 Gene Transfer
02421-11.1 Gene Transfer

... composed of large molecules that are capable of being put together in an almost unlimited number of ways. B. DNA - make up chromosomes. Chromosomes are contributed by each parent and determine how the animal will be structured. C. RNA - ribonucleic acids - a messenger substance which transfers messa ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis

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ppt

... the H-bonds, denaturing the DNA (separating the helices). ~ 1 min. ...
The Egyptian American International School
The Egyptian American International School

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Answers chapter 9
Answers chapter 9

... glycosylase (which is specific for the particular type of damage) removes the base by cleaving the glycosidic bond connecting it to the sugar component of the nucleotide. This leaves an abasic sugar, which is subsequently removed by endonuclease enzymes. Finally, the gap left in the DNA by the endon ...
DNA Libraries - Rose
DNA Libraries - Rose

... a 150-300 kb molecule present in very low copy number). Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) are very large plasmids based on the F episome. These are present at one to two copies per cell, but can allow replication of more than 100 kb of DNA. BACs are used to propagate large DNA fragments, and h ...
A-level Biology B Question paper Unit 2 - Genes and Genetic
A-level Biology B Question paper Unit 2 - Genes and Genetic

... (a) The scientist compared the DNA samples obtained from the muscle of one mammal with DNA samples obtained from the bone of another mammal. Explain why this is a ...
ch 12 quick check answers
ch 12 quick check answers

... False: The gender marker is not an STR. The gender marker used is the Amel gene, and, unusually, this gene has a locus on both the X and the Y chromosomes. The size of the gene differs on each sex chromosome. As a result, a male with both an X and a Y chromosome shows two DNA bands for the gender ma ...
Karotype Chromosomal Abnormalities
Karotype Chromosomal Abnormalities

... Extra Sets = “ PLOIDY” Common in plants/fungi, usually not successful in animals Can lead to evolution! ...
Contribution of forensic genetics to the recovery of historic memory
Contribution of forensic genetics to the recovery of historic memory

... amelogenin analysis ratifies itself as a rapid and useful tool in those cases where checking sex composition of bone remains from a specific grave is needed to be contrasted with data recorded by Historic Register, or merely by local people memory. As for maternal lineages analysis, regions HVSI and ...
DNA Is The Stuff Of Life
DNA Is The Stuff Of Life

... between chromosomes and heredity. Although the relationship was suggested, the linkage was most strongly demonstrated by Sutton and Boveri. Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri worked independently. Boveri observed (as had van Beneden) that male and female gametes contribute an equal number of chromosom ...
Chapter 3- Section 4 The DNA Connection
Chapter 3- Section 4 The DNA Connection

... The DNA molecule “unzips” and the messenger RNA strand (which is responsible for copying the coded messages from the DNA in the nucleus and carrying them to the cytoplasm.) base pairs with the DNA strand and copies the coded messages. Once in the cytoplasm, messenger RNA attaches to a ribosome and t ...
Name: Chem 465 Biochemistry II - Test 3
Name: Chem 465 Biochemistry II - Test 3



... that allows RNA polymerase to bind to it and initiate Transcription. A negative regulatory protein has a shape that does not allow RNA polymerase to bind to it and so prevents Transcription from occurring. ...
Presenting: DNA and RNA
Presenting: DNA and RNA

... hemoglobin in red blood cells. A person with the sicklecell trait may have a child with the same condition because the child receives from the parent ...
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...  Complete the matching section on your study guide.  Please note that some answers may be used more than once ...
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- Flat Rock Community Schools

... color. The diagram below shows an ear of corn produced by crossing two corn plants. The shaded kernels are purple, and the unshaded ones are yellow. What can the yellow kernels best be described as? (Be sure to look at which color has more kernels!) ...
BTCH Reg Course Rev Sem2
BTCH Reg Course Rev Sem2

... Describe the functions of a Punnett square. Explain Mendel’s three Laws (Principles) of Dominance, Segregation and Independent Assortment. Describe how dominant and recessive traits are inherited. Describe the non-Mendelian inheritance patterns of codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, ...
Molecular Techniques in Radiobiology Introduction The structure of
Molecular Techniques in Radiobiology Introduction The structure of

... • Tissue homeostasis depends on the regulated cell division and self-elimination (programmed cell death) of each of its constituent members except its ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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