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Brooker Chapter 17
Brooker Chapter 17

... Retroviruses - RNA viruses that make a DNA copy that integrates into the host’s genome ...
Course Competencies Template
Course Competencies Template

... 10. Describing pre-mRNA processing, splicing, and alternative or differential splicing in eukaryotes. 11. Explaining how differential splicing has contributed to protein diversity. 12. Defining translational regulatory mechanisms. 13. Describing and providing examples of how regulatory proteins prev ...
Spr01Exam II Answer Key
Spr01Exam II Answer Key

... 18.) Which mutations belong to the same complement group(s). At least how many genes or complementation groups do you suspect are involved in the red (red, mucoid) pathway? (10pts) If the two mutations can restore the red mucoid phenotype, then these mutations are likely to be in separate genes. Mut ...
Biology Monday Popquiz…Little Living Things
Biology Monday Popquiz…Little Living Things

... Here are some unique structures bacteria posses. Explain what they look like and what they do (structure and function). 2. pilus 3. capsule 4. flagella 5. plasmid 6. – 7. Bacteria can be classified by shapes/groups. Explain how. ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... • What is the most common sunlight-absorbing pigment found in chloroplasts? • What is another name for the “Dark” Reaction or the “Light Independent” Reaction? • What two “energy carrying” molecules are formed in the Light Reaction and used in the Dark ...
Homework 1 / Introduction General questions Programming tasks
Homework 1 / Introduction General questions Programming tasks

... Ps! Your programming task for homework should be done either in R, perl or python. Other programming languages are not accepted and your homework will not be graded. The programming script needs to be used by running system command in linux (e.g. python myscript.py input.txt or Rscript myscript.R in ...
Virus Questions Worksheet - Phillips Scientific Methods
Virus Questions Worksheet - Phillips Scientific Methods

... ________________. ...
Amplification of DNA Sequences
Amplification of DNA Sequences

... In the case described, the presence of a band is evidence that the viral sequence was present in the specimen. The absence of a band is problematic, however, in that one cannot be certain whether the sequence indeed was absent, or that the reaction conditions were inappropriate for the PCR reaction ...
File
File

What Do Genes Look Like? - Effingham County Schools
What Do Genes Look Like? - Effingham County Schools

... The mRNA then enters the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome. Translation begins at AUG, the start codon. Each transfer RNA has an anticodon whose bases are complementary to a codon on the mRNA strand. The ribosome positions the start codon to attract its anticodon, which is part of the tRNA that b ...
The Ethics of Synthetic Biology
The Ethics of Synthetic Biology

... ...
DNA RESTRICTION ANALYSIS
DNA RESTRICTION ANALYSIS

... each with one of the 3 restriction endonuclease enzymes: Pst1, EcoRI, and HindIII. A fourth sample will be the negative control in that is will be incubated without any endonuclease. Each of the 3 enzymes recognizes a different sequence of bases on DNA called a pallindrome , and cuts within it at a ...
Glimmer and GeneMark
Glimmer and GeneMark

notes File
notes File

... will (with the exception of about 3 dozen genes) remain condensed and inactive. This happens very early on in development (about 200 cells big). It is random within all these early cells, but from then on all cells that are made from that cell will have the same chromosome condensed and inactive. So ...
Genetics Course Outcome Summary Course Information
Genetics Course Outcome Summary Course Information

... b. Describe the roles restriction enzymes and vectors play in recombinant DNA technology. c. Explain how genes can be transferred to eukaryotic cells. d. Describe how polymerase chain reaction makes DNA copies without host cells. e. Describe the genomic library and its role in cloning. f. Describe t ...
- Horizon Discovery
- Horizon Discovery

... carried out under optimal conditions a tissue specimen can be irreversibly damaged. Methods of fixation vary according to sample types. Longer fixation periods may cause a high degree of DNA fragmentation and an increase in cross-links between biomolecules. This can result in reduced amplifiability ...
video slide
video slide

... 2. Transduction: viruses transfer genes between prokaryotes 3. Conjugation: genes are directly transferred from one prokaryote to another Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Posted 1/25/07 Mary Case
Posted 1/25/07 Mary Case

... Mary Case Background: One step in the discovery of genes and gene products involved in a biochemical function or a developmental process is to identify mutations that change a function or process. Ultraviolet light (UV) is a strong mutagen (in the wavelength that DNA absorbs, roughly 225-300 nm) and ...
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing

... function in newly sequenced genomes. ...


... Many mutations in Neurospora crassa are only known by a morphological or other visible phenotype. For many of these, the actual open reading frame responsible remains unknown. Among these are several temperature-sensitive lethal mutations known as unknown (Inoue and Ishikawa, 1970; Ishikawa and Perk ...
End of chapter 14 questions and answers from the text book
End of chapter 14 questions and answers from the text book

Preview from Notesale.co.uk Page 12 of 32
Preview from Notesale.co.uk Page 12 of 32

... make proteins that determine everything from hair colour to susceptibility to diseases. The human genome – (all of the genetic information for an individual combined) has about 3 billion base pairs of genetic information. More than 99% of human DNA is exactly the same, less than 1% differentiates on ...
The human genome: a prospect for paediatrics
The human genome: a prospect for paediatrics

... simple bacterium Escherichia coli, a mere five million base pairs, has yet to be determined. As a typical protein comprises say, three hundred amino acids, only one thousand nucleotides are required on average for a structural gene's coding region. The human genome, therefore, has sufficient DNA to ...
AP Biology
AP Biology

...  Genes for antibiotic resistance = R Plasmids  Role in rapid evolution  Method for spreading “antibiotic resistance” ...
Patterns of inheritance
Patterns of inheritance

... each somatic cell contains two copies of each chromosome, and two copies of each gene. The exceptions to this rule are the sex chromosomes that determine sex in a given species. For example, in the XY system that is found in most mammals - including human beings - males have one X chromosome and one ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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