CHAPTER 6
... other in yellow. The B-DNA has one strand colored white and the other blue. The hole formed by the b-subunits (diameter 3.5 nm) is large enough to easily accommodate DNA (diameter 2.5nm) with no steric repulsion. The rest of polymerase III holoenzyme (“core” polymerase + g-complex) associates wi ...
... other in yellow. The B-DNA has one strand colored white and the other blue. The hole formed by the b-subunits (diameter 3.5 nm) is large enough to easily accommodate DNA (diameter 2.5nm) with no steric repulsion. The rest of polymerase III holoenzyme (“core” polymerase + g-complex) associates wi ...
Molecular Biology (Ms. Lucky Juneja)
... Most mutations affect only one base pair in a given location and therefore are called point mutations. There are several types of point mutations: 1.Silent mutation: If a mutation is an alteration of the nucleotide sequence of DNA, mutations can occur and have no visible effect because of code dege ...
... Most mutations affect only one base pair in a given location and therefore are called point mutations. There are several types of point mutations: 1.Silent mutation: If a mutation is an alteration of the nucleotide sequence of DNA, mutations can occur and have no visible effect because of code dege ...
2014 Gateway Bio Packet
... Products are 6CO2, 12H2O, and energy Can only occur in the presence of sunlight Equation is 6CO2 + 12H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O Requires energy to occur Glucose is broken down into water, carbon dioxide, and energy Stages of process include glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport cha ...
... Products are 6CO2, 12H2O, and energy Can only occur in the presence of sunlight Equation is 6CO2 + 12H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O Requires energy to occur Glucose is broken down into water, carbon dioxide, and energy Stages of process include glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport cha ...
Chapter 17.
... suggested that genes coded for enzymes each disease (phenotype) is caused by non-functional gene product ...
... suggested that genes coded for enzymes each disease (phenotype) is caused by non-functional gene product ...
PowerPoint-præsentation
... increased frequency of antibiotic resistance after introduction of Cu to the soil. Here the incoporation of tritiated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is tested as a cultivation independent measure for the effect of Cu exposure on the bacterial tolerance to Cu and ...
... increased frequency of antibiotic resistance after introduction of Cu to the soil. Here the incoporation of tritiated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is tested as a cultivation independent measure for the effect of Cu exposure on the bacterial tolerance to Cu and ...
2009 exam 3
... A. The initiator tRNA could be in (the P site) (the A site) (the E site) (A or P) (A or E) (E or P) (any of these). B. Methionine should be attached directly to (tRNA #1) (AA #2 = amino acid #2) (tRNA #2) (AA #3) (peptidyl transferase) (either tRNA) (tRNA or AA #2) (either AA) (none of these) (any o ...
... A. The initiator tRNA could be in (the P site) (the A site) (the E site) (A or P) (A or E) (E or P) (any of these). B. Methionine should be attached directly to (tRNA #1) (AA #2 = amino acid #2) (tRNA #2) (AA #3) (peptidyl transferase) (either tRNA) (tRNA or AA #2) (either AA) (none of these) (any o ...
Analyzing the Changes in DNA Flexibility Due to Base Modifications
... Unlike protein simulations for which one usually starts MD simulations using an experimentally determined native structure, the native structure of a given DNA sequence can rarely be found except for several well known DNA sequences. Thus, we build a dsDNA helix with a canonical B-DNA conformation u ...
... Unlike protein simulations for which one usually starts MD simulations using an experimentally determined native structure, the native structure of a given DNA sequence can rarely be found except for several well known DNA sequences. Thus, we build a dsDNA helix with a canonical B-DNA conformation u ...
CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE Inheritance of most of the characters
... termed as nuclear genes or more commonly simply as genes. Non Mendelian Inheritance But some characters in several organisms do not show Mendelian inheritance or they show a non Mendelian inheritance pattern. In such cases, the following characteristic features are observed. 1. There is consistent d ...
... termed as nuclear genes or more commonly simply as genes. Non Mendelian Inheritance But some characters in several organisms do not show Mendelian inheritance or they show a non Mendelian inheritance pattern. In such cases, the following characteristic features are observed. 1. There is consistent d ...
Slide 1
... “The only DNA in the cells is the designed synthetic DNA sequence, including “watermark” sequences and other designed gene deletions and polymorphisms, and mutations acquired during the building process. The new cells have expected phenotypic properties and are capable of continuous self-replicatio ...
... “The only DNA in the cells is the designed synthetic DNA sequence, including “watermark” sequences and other designed gene deletions and polymorphisms, and mutations acquired during the building process. The new cells have expected phenotypic properties and are capable of continuous self-replicatio ...
ppt
... 1. Prokaryotes 2. Eukaryotes – usually many linear chromosomes, highly condensed with histone proteins into several levels of structure. To read a gene, the chromosome must be diffuse (uncondensed) in that region. Even when condensed, these ‘euchromatic’ coding regions are less condensed and more li ...
... 1. Prokaryotes 2. Eukaryotes – usually many linear chromosomes, highly condensed with histone proteins into several levels of structure. To read a gene, the chromosome must be diffuse (uncondensed) in that region. Even when condensed, these ‘euchromatic’ coding regions are less condensed and more li ...
Section 8.4: DNA Transcription
... RNA Carries DNA’s Instructions • In prokaryotic cells, DNA replication, transcription and translation all take place in the cytoplasm due to no nucleus. • In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication and transcription take place in the nucleus while translation occurs in the cytoplasm. • In eukaryotic cell ...
... RNA Carries DNA’s Instructions • In prokaryotic cells, DNA replication, transcription and translation all take place in the cytoplasm due to no nucleus. • In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication and transcription take place in the nucleus while translation occurs in the cytoplasm. • In eukaryotic cell ...
No Slide Title
... transferase dUTP nick end labeling) The fragmentation of DNA during apoptosis generates exposed 3’-hydroxyl ends in the nuclear DNA. These DNA breaks can be detected in situ using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), which covalently adds labeled nucleotides to the 3'hydroxyl ends of these D ...
... transferase dUTP nick end labeling) The fragmentation of DNA during apoptosis generates exposed 3’-hydroxyl ends in the nuclear DNA. These DNA breaks can be detected in situ using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), which covalently adds labeled nucleotides to the 3'hydroxyl ends of these D ...
Biology Pre-Learning Check
... 2. _____ outermost layer in some (but not all) bacteria 3. _____ a virus that contains RNA that gets copied into DNA and becomes part of the host’s genome 4. _____ clusters of bacteria have this word as part of their name 5. _____ drug used to treat a bacterial infection 6. _____ spiral shaped bacte ...
... 2. _____ outermost layer in some (but not all) bacteria 3. _____ a virus that contains RNA that gets copied into DNA and becomes part of the host’s genome 4. _____ clusters of bacteria have this word as part of their name 5. _____ drug used to treat a bacterial infection 6. _____ spiral shaped bacte ...
GCE Biology Jan 2012 Unit 4 QP
... Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross . 1 During DNA profiling, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to amplify a sample of DNA. The diagram below shows how sub ...
... Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross . 1 During DNA profiling, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to amplify a sample of DNA. The diagram below shows how sub ...
January 2012 - 6BI04 - Edexcel
... 3 If a tree trunk is cut across horizontally, growth rings can be seen in the cut surface. The most significant factor that affects the formation of growth rings is environmental temperature. In regions where there is an annual cycle of seasonal temperature changes, it is possible to estimate the y ...
... 3 If a tree trunk is cut across horizontally, growth rings can be seen in the cut surface. The most significant factor that affects the formation of growth rings is environmental temperature. In regions where there is an annual cycle of seasonal temperature changes, it is possible to estimate the y ...
Identification of the target DNA sequence and characterization of
... HlyU Vc binding site. Four DNA fragments (Table 1) from the region (−582 to +246 bp) spanning the hlyA promoter were amplified by PCR from the V. cholerae N16961 genomic DNA such that there is ∼50-bp overlap between consecutive fragments. EMSA revealed that HlyU Vc binds to both DNA 2 and DNA 3 (Fig ...
... HlyU Vc binding site. Four DNA fragments (Table 1) from the region (−582 to +246 bp) spanning the hlyA promoter were amplified by PCR from the V. cholerae N16961 genomic DNA such that there is ∼50-bp overlap between consecutive fragments. EMSA revealed that HlyU Vc binds to both DNA 2 and DNA 3 (Fig ...
C2005/F2401 `07 -- Lecture 19 -- Last Edited
... 3. Spindle -- have set of fibers attached to chromosomes (and to structures at poles). Assembly of spindle is temporary -- fiber components are not new, but were rearranged to form a new structure. (Building blocks rearranged -- take apart one structure and build another using the same pieces.) 4. N ...
... 3. Spindle -- have set of fibers attached to chromosomes (and to structures at poles). Assembly of spindle is temporary -- fiber components are not new, but were rearranged to form a new structure. (Building blocks rearranged -- take apart one structure and build another using the same pieces.) 4. N ...
4. - UKZN Management Information
... In a certain species of beetle, the long antennae condition (L) is dominant to the short antennae condition (1), and the normal leg condition (D) is dominant to the hairy leg condition (d). Antennae length and leg texture are inherited independently Determine the genotypes for the two parents for al ...
... In a certain species of beetle, the long antennae condition (L) is dominant to the short antennae condition (1), and the normal leg condition (D) is dominant to the hairy leg condition (d). Antennae length and leg texture are inherited independently Determine the genotypes for the two parents for al ...
Long-span, mate-pair scaffolding and other methods for
... needed to accurately assemble complex repeat-rich genomes. The ...
... needed to accurately assemble complex repeat-rich genomes. The ...
CHAPTER 18
... have occurred after the cells were plated on the media containing T1 bacteriophages. Because the same numbers of bacteria were streaked on each plate, we would have expected to see roughly the same number of resistant colonies on all of the plates. The number of resistant colonies would not have dep ...
... have occurred after the cells were plated on the media containing T1 bacteriophages. Because the same numbers of bacteria were streaked on each plate, we would have expected to see roughly the same number of resistant colonies on all of the plates. The number of resistant colonies would not have dep ...
gene regulation
... microRNAs (miRNAs), bind to complementary sequences on mRNA molecules in the cytoplasm. • Some trigger the breakdown of their target mRNA, and others block translation. • It has been estimated that miRNAs may regulate the expression of up to one-third of all human genes, yet miRNAs were unknown 20 y ...
... microRNAs (miRNAs), bind to complementary sequences on mRNA molecules in the cytoplasm. • Some trigger the breakdown of their target mRNA, and others block translation. • It has been estimated that miRNAs may regulate the expression of up to one-third of all human genes, yet miRNAs were unknown 20 y ...
Extrachromosomal DNA
Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.