MIT Department of Biology 7.28, Spring 2005
... (named 728A) is highly resistant to ampicillin; 100% of the cells plated on Ampcontaining media form colonies. Knowing that both plasmids and transposons often carry genes imparting drug resistance, you analyze strain 728A and find that it carries a plasmid. To explore the mechanisms used by the cel ...
... (named 728A) is highly resistant to ampicillin; 100% of the cells plated on Ampcontaining media form colonies. Knowing that both plasmids and transposons often carry genes imparting drug resistance, you analyze strain 728A and find that it carries a plasmid. To explore the mechanisms used by the cel ...
The pathogenesis of influenza virus infections: the contributions of
... expression on alveolar macrophages is maintained by IL10 and TGFb [49]. However, in lungs infected with IAV, CD200R expression is upregulated on these macrophages [49]. Experiments using CD200/ mice revealed that CD200-mediated CD200R activation on lung macrophages inhibits the recruitment of immu ...
... expression on alveolar macrophages is maintained by IL10 and TGFb [49]. However, in lungs infected with IAV, CD200R expression is upregulated on these macrophages [49]. Experiments using CD200/ mice revealed that CD200-mediated CD200R activation on lung macrophages inhibits the recruitment of immu ...
Application for rDNA Review/Registration for
... Use of viable rDNA-modified microorganisms involving whole animals or whole plants Administration of rDNA to animals More than 10 liters of culture Propagation and maintenance in tissue culture of r-DNA containing <2/3 of the genome of any eukaryotic virus in the demonstrable absence of helper virus ...
... Use of viable rDNA-modified microorganisms involving whole animals or whole plants Administration of rDNA to animals More than 10 liters of culture Propagation and maintenance in tissue culture of r-DNA containing <2/3 of the genome of any eukaryotic virus in the demonstrable absence of helper virus ...
Dose-Dependent Modulation of the In Vitro
... areas implicates the environment and demonstrates the necessity for further studies to reveal the effects this pollutant may have and the mechanisms involved. Cytokine profiles can be differentially affected by heavy metals at concentrations that do not affect other arms of the immune system (Shen e ...
... areas implicates the environment and demonstrates the necessity for further studies to reveal the effects this pollutant may have and the mechanisms involved. Cytokine profiles can be differentially affected by heavy metals at concentrations that do not affect other arms of the immune system (Shen e ...
Analysis of aptamer sequence activity relationshipsw
... matrices using conventional SELEX methodologies is beset with problems, often resulting in very poor correlation between dissociation constants and the weight matrix scores.13,14 This results from a combination of noise within the SELEX process and over-selection of the best aptamers from each gener ...
... matrices using conventional SELEX methodologies is beset with problems, often resulting in very poor correlation between dissociation constants and the weight matrix scores.13,14 This results from a combination of noise within the SELEX process and over-selection of the best aptamers from each gener ...
Commensal-Specific CD4+ Cells From Patients
... been found to support the existence of a T-cell response toward bacterial antigens in CD patients.16 It generally is accepted that T cells, and more specifically CD4þ T cells, play a pathogenic role in CD because they heavily infiltrate involved areas of the intestinal mucosa and extensive data from e ...
... been found to support the existence of a T-cell response toward bacterial antigens in CD patients.16 It generally is accepted that T cells, and more specifically CD4þ T cells, play a pathogenic role in CD because they heavily infiltrate involved areas of the intestinal mucosa and extensive data from e ...
Demyelinating Disease Models of Central Nervous System
... required to recruit macrophages into the CNS. Other studies indicate that the presence of either CD8⫹ or CD4⫹ T cells, but not both subsets at the same time, is required for demyelination. Both 2-microglobulin- and MHC class II (I-Ab)-deficient mice display demyelination after MHV infection (68 –70 ...
... required to recruit macrophages into the CNS. Other studies indicate that the presence of either CD8⫹ or CD4⫹ T cells, but not both subsets at the same time, is required for demyelination. Both 2-microglobulin- and MHC class II (I-Ab)-deficient mice display demyelination after MHV infection (68 –70 ...
ducing antibodies with a slightly different configuration at the antigen-
... isotypes, which keeps it primarily within in the intravascular compartment. It is composed of five immunoglobulin monomers whose chains are either covalently linked through disulfide bridges or held noncovalently by a joining, or J, piece. The J piece is produced by the B cell, and it can also hol ...
... isotypes, which keeps it primarily within in the intravascular compartment. It is composed of five immunoglobulin monomers whose chains are either covalently linked through disulfide bridges or held noncovalently by a joining, or J, piece. The J piece is produced by the B cell, and it can also hol ...
Peptide trafficking and translocation across membranes in
... EBV protein does not contain a signal sequence, it is localized to the ER membrane [46]. Based on its primary structure, BLNF2a may represent a tail-anchored protein, which is post-translationally inserted into the membrane. Notwithstanding, the pathway of membrane targeting, insertion, and topology ...
... EBV protein does not contain a signal sequence, it is localized to the ER membrane [46]. Based on its primary structure, BLNF2a may represent a tail-anchored protein, which is post-translationally inserted into the membrane. Notwithstanding, the pathway of membrane targeting, insertion, and topology ...
08_Human_chromosomes(plain)
... 5. DNA IS PACKAGED INTO CHROMATIN 5.1. DNA CAN BE HIGHLY COMPACTED If stretched to its full length, the DNA molecule of the largest human chromosome would be 85mm. Yet during mitosis and meiosis, this DNA molecule is compacted into a chromosome approximately 5µm long. Although this compaction makes ...
... 5. DNA IS PACKAGED INTO CHROMATIN 5.1. DNA CAN BE HIGHLY COMPACTED If stretched to its full length, the DNA molecule of the largest human chromosome would be 85mm. Yet during mitosis and meiosis, this DNA molecule is compacted into a chromosome approximately 5µm long. Although this compaction makes ...
Cloning and Expression of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans β
... species, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus species are most common silage inoculant bacteria and one or more of these bacteria to be included in silage inoculants [7,9]. One of these bacteria, L. plantarum, is the most important bacterium used in silage fermentation. However, aerobic spoilage by ...
... species, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus species are most common silage inoculant bacteria and one or more of these bacteria to be included in silage inoculants [7,9]. One of these bacteria, L. plantarum, is the most important bacterium used in silage fermentation. However, aerobic spoilage by ...
Hybrid Plasmids Containing the Pyruvate
... broth [L broth supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) glucose] for the growth of ace and lpd mutants. This was supplemented with thymine (50 pg ml-l) and antibiotics (pg ml-*): streptomycin, 200; ampicillin, 50; tetracycline, 20; and chloramphenicol, 25 or 100, as required. Phage assays were made with BBL med ...
... broth [L broth supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) glucose] for the growth of ace and lpd mutants. This was supplemented with thymine (50 pg ml-l) and antibiotics (pg ml-*): streptomycin, 200; ampicillin, 50; tetracycline, 20; and chloramphenicol, 25 or 100, as required. Phage assays were made with BBL med ...
Proceedings Template - WORD
... population to revert to the activated state. Second, the bistability allows the GDP mechanism to operate effectively against pathogen populations that exhibit logistic growth up to a carrying capacity. In this case, even though the antigen population ceases to increase once the pathogen has reached ...
... population to revert to the activated state. Second, the bistability allows the GDP mechanism to operate effectively against pathogen populations that exhibit logistic growth up to a carrying capacity. In this case, even though the antigen population ceases to increase once the pathogen has reached ...
The role of carbohydrate in the antigenic and immunogenic structure
... with 10 % foetal bovine serum (FBS; G ibco). Strain P8-2 of BHV-1 was propagated in MDBK cells and quantified by plaque titration in microtitre plates with an antibody overlay as previously described (Rouse & Babiuk, 1974). Glycoproteins gI and gIV were purified from virus-infected cell lysate as pr ...
... with 10 % foetal bovine serum (FBS; G ibco). Strain P8-2 of BHV-1 was propagated in MDBK cells and quantified by plaque titration in microtitre plates with an antibody overlay as previously described (Rouse & Babiuk, 1974). Glycoproteins gI and gIV were purified from virus-infected cell lysate as pr ...
Title A Fluorescently Labeled, Hyperbranched Polymer
... need for modifications of the DNA probe or target. We hypothesize that a fluorescently labeled hyperbranched polyDMAEMA-coEGDMA (termed pD-co-E, Scheme 1B) can detect specific sequences of small DNA (18–24 nt) in serum through a change in the fluorescent signal. More specifically, detection is based ...
... need for modifications of the DNA probe or target. We hypothesize that a fluorescently labeled hyperbranched polyDMAEMA-coEGDMA (termed pD-co-E, Scheme 1B) can detect specific sequences of small DNA (18–24 nt) in serum through a change in the fluorescent signal. More specifically, detection is based ...
Lecture_6
... The differences MHC between individuals means that the cells of a donor who differs from the recipient by any of the MHC alleles are recognized as non-self by the T cells of the recipient and are attacked as if they were a foreign substance This difference is the origin of the name “major histocompa ...
... The differences MHC between individuals means that the cells of a donor who differs from the recipient by any of the MHC alleles are recognized as non-self by the T cells of the recipient and are attacked as if they were a foreign substance This difference is the origin of the name “major histocompa ...
File 12_01blecturenotes
... Adaptive Defense System: Third Line of Defense Allergies Many small molecules (called haptens or incomplete antigens) are not antigenic, but link up with our own proteins The immune system may recognize and respond to a protein-hapten combination ...
... Adaptive Defense System: Third Line of Defense Allergies Many small molecules (called haptens or incomplete antigens) are not antigenic, but link up with our own proteins The immune system may recognize and respond to a protein-hapten combination ...
Human T cell leukemia virus type I-induced disease: pathways
... Mature HTLV-I virions are surrounded by a host-derived lipid envelope embedded with glycoprotein spikes encoded by the viral env gene, which encodes two protein components: a 21-kDa transmembrane protein (TM), and a 46 kDa surface glycoprotein (SU). Viral attachment and entry into susceptible cells ...
... Mature HTLV-I virions are surrounded by a host-derived lipid envelope embedded with glycoprotein spikes encoded by the viral env gene, which encodes two protein components: a 21-kDa transmembrane protein (TM), and a 46 kDa surface glycoprotein (SU). Viral attachment and entry into susceptible cells ...
Roles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in homologous recombination, DNA
... The genetic basis for familial breast cancer predisposition has become established over the past decade with the cloning of two major breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 (Miki et al., 1994; Wooster et al., 1995). The BRCA1 gene was first cloned in 1994 after being mapped to chromosome ...
... The genetic basis for familial breast cancer predisposition has become established over the past decade with the cloning of two major breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 (Miki et al., 1994; Wooster et al., 1995). The BRCA1 gene was first cloned in 1994 after being mapped to chromosome ...
Emergence of a Latent Indian Cassava Mosaic Virus from
... Gene silencing and recovery from CMGs are isolate-dependent [13]. African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and SLCMV infections result in higher levels of small interfering RNA (siRNA) accumulation in the recovered plants, whereas isolates that caused non-recovering infection lead to accumulation of lowe ...
... Gene silencing and recovery from CMGs are isolate-dependent [13]. African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and SLCMV infections result in higher levels of small interfering RNA (siRNA) accumulation in the recovered plants, whereas isolates that caused non-recovering infection lead to accumulation of lowe ...
Hypercholesterolemia
... regulating cholesterol in the blood. Remember that LDL transports cholesterol to the cells. In some families the risk of heart disease is increased due to a genetic mutation that leads to very elevated levels of LDL in the blood. The genetic defect causes the LDL receptor on cells to be deformed and ...
... regulating cholesterol in the blood. Remember that LDL transports cholesterol to the cells. In some families the risk of heart disease is increased due to a genetic mutation that leads to very elevated levels of LDL in the blood. The genetic defect causes the LDL receptor on cells to be deformed and ...
Validated preCRMs
... computational and experimental approaches (Collins et al. 2003). A particularly difficult challenge is identifying the cis-acting sequences, called cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), that are responsible for determining the amount, timing and tissue-specificity of gene expression. Unlike the situation f ...
... computational and experimental approaches (Collins et al. 2003). A particularly difficult challenge is identifying the cis-acting sequences, called cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), that are responsible for determining the amount, timing and tissue-specificity of gene expression. Unlike the situation f ...
DNA vaccination
DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response. Several DNA vaccines have been released for veterinary use, and there has been promising research using the vaccines for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, as well as to several tumour types. Although only one DNA vaccine has been approved for human use, DNA vaccines may have a number of potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.