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Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Vessels

... Hypothalamus thermostat can be reset higher by pyrogens (secreted by white blood cells) High temperatures inhibit the release of iron and zinc (needed by bacteria) from the liver and spleen Fever also increases the speed of repair processes ...
Epigenetics - UNM Biology
Epigenetics - UNM Biology

... that is deconstructing so much of what we took as dogma and rebuilding it in an infinitely more varied, more complex, and even more beautiful fashion.” http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/features/142195/beyond-dnaepigenetics/accessed 11/09/2016 ...
Supplementary methods
Supplementary methods

... qRT-PCR Reverse transcription was performed using and random hexamer primer (Fermentas) or a gene specific primer (as indicated) with the M-MuLV reverse transcriptase (Fermentas) as recommended by the manufacturer. qPCR was performed using gene specific pirmers (Table S5) as described in the qChIP m ...
Document
Document

... • Cytotoxic T cells are the effector cells in the cell-mediated immune response • Cytotoxic T cells recognize fragments of foreign proteins produced by infected cells and possess an accessory protein that binds to class I MHC ...
Chapter 20 DNA Technology and Genomics
Chapter 20 DNA Technology and Genomics

... • reverse transcription of • all the mRNA produced by • a particular cell ...
The MYB and BHLH Transcription Factor Families
The MYB and BHLH Transcription Factor Families

... What are MYB family transcription factors? - Myeloblast  MYB (came from first identified MYB, which was in an avian oncogene) - 3 Repeats: R1, R2, R3 - In Arabidopsis, almost all of the MYB proteins belong to the MYB-R2R3 class - Structure: Helix-turn-Helix: two alpha helices joined by a short str ...
Chapter 13 Antigen
Chapter 13 Antigen

... 1. Superantigen (SAg) :Substance that can nonspecifically stimulate polyclonal T/B cells and induce a very strong immune response with a extremely low concentration ...
Great Discoveries in Science: The Double Helix [JUDSON:] In the
Great Discoveries in Science: The Double Helix [JUDSON:] In the

... [JUDSON:] Through 1952, Watson and Crick read and talked over anything and everything that could prove relevant for their ongoing-- but now underground-- quest to discover the structure of DNA. [WATSON:] To me there was only one way I could be happy... or two ways, you know: solve DNA or get a girl ...
Chapter 4: DNA and Chromosomes
Chapter 4: DNA and Chromosomes

... protein (not true for RNA molec that perform diverse functions) Correlation btwn complexity of organism and gene number Generally, more complex organisms have larger genomes, but not always No relationship btwn chromosome number and complexity or genome size ...
103KB - NZQA
103KB - NZQA

... and its anticodon complementary (H bonding) matches to the codon (3 consecutive bases) on the mRNA strand. The amino acid bonds with another amino acid to produce a polypeptide chain. The cell continually makes mRNA because it’s a (relatively) short-lived molecule; DNA is long-lived. DNA is protecte ...
Lec 08 - Development of e
Lec 08 - Development of e

... Ionizing radiations Ionizing radiations are so called because they cause ionization in the atoms present in their path. There are two types of ionizing radiations: (1) particulate and (2) non particulate radiations. Particulate radiations consist of high energy atomin particles generated due to radi ...
142KB - NZQA
142KB - NZQA

... and its anticodon complementary (H bonding) matches to the codon (3 consecutive bases) on the mRNA strand. The amino acid bonds with another amino acid to produce a polypeptide chain. The cell continually makes mRNA because it’s a (relatively) short-lived molecule; DNA is long-lived. DNA is protecte ...
Sequence - andreawise
Sequence - andreawise

... Each sequence record in the NCBI sequence databases is organized into three sections: Header – general information about the sequence including the organism it came from and the paper in which it was first published. Features - information about the role of the sequence in the biology of the organis ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... the body from pathogens(viruses and bacteria). The immune system is mainly made up of white blood cells which can be classified into two groups: T cells and B cells. To keep your immune system healthy, sleep and avoid sugars and ...
Different physical delivery systems: An important approach for
Different physical delivery systems: An important approach for

... various tissues [4]. Gas pressure, particle size, and the amount of the particles and DNA loading are critical factors that determine penetration efficiency to the tissues [27, 28]. The low pressure gene gun can deliver plasmid DNA at lower pressure [29]. Gene gun-based gene transfer has been broadl ...
human gene testing - National Academy of Sciences
human gene testing - National Academy of Sciences

... with the aid of another type of enzyme, called ligase. By 1973, researchers were using restriction enzymes to cut specific DNA sequences of interest and join them to the DNA of bacteria. The bacteria then generated copies of the selected DNA with their own DNA each time they divided. Because a singl ...
MB207Jan2010
MB207Jan2010

... - ionizing radiation because it removes electrons from biological molecules. - generating highly reactive intermediates that cause various types of DNA damage. ...
Lesson Overview
Lesson Overview

... Eukaryotic DNA Replication The two copies of DNA produced by replication in each chromosome remain closely associated until the cell enters prophase of mitosis. At that point, the chromosomes condense, and the two chromatids in each chromosome become clearly visible. They separate from each other in ...
Protease Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors

... • Prepared by isolating the proteins expressed on the virion surface which can be used as a target for Ab formation in vivo • Less reactive and causing fewer adverse events than the other vaccine types • Yeast strains express key surface antigens stimulating effective immunity without the risk of tr ...
Biotechnology - Department of Plant Biology
Biotechnology - Department of Plant Biology

... To use cloning to produce multiple copies of a gene, it is first necessary to identify and isolate an initial sample of that gene. There are several strategies to do this; the choice depends on the information available. One set of methods starts with a purified protein, whereas another set starts w ...
HIV Vaccine Research Powerpoint
HIV Vaccine Research Powerpoint

... Final results expected by the end of 2009. “We have a concern about the wisdom of the U.S. government’s sponsoring a recently initiated phase III trial in Thailand…Multiple phase I and II clinical trial have revealed that the ALVAC vector is poorly immunogenic. The gp120 component as now been proven ...
Non-specific, B-cells, T
Non-specific, B-cells, T

... Hairs and Mucus (protect openings) Traps particles, swallowed Stomach acid kills pathogens Fig 43.2 ...
Humoral and Cellular Immunity
Humoral and Cellular Immunity

... fluorescent dye used to stain biological specimens. A solution with cells is injected into the flow cytometer, and the cells are then forced into a stream of single cells by means of hydrodynamic focusing. When the cells intercept light from a source, usually a laser, they scatter light and fluoroch ...
Gene testing - Margie Patlak
Gene testing - Margie Patlak

... with the aid of another type of enzyme, called ligase. By 1973, researchers were using restriction enzymes to cut specific DNA sequences of interest and join them to the DNA of bacteria. The bacteria then generated copies of the selected DNA with their own DNA each time they divided. Because a singl ...
osmosis 17, spring 2000 - Science and Plants for Schools
osmosis 17, spring 2000 - Science and Plants for Schools

... includes genomic nuclear DNA, chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA. My brief was to isolate chloroplast DNA, free from nuclear DNA, and digest it with restriction enzymes so that recognisable bands could be obtained using electrophoresis. My aim was to do this using school equipment, with cheap materia ...
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DNA vaccination



DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response. Several DNA vaccines have been released for veterinary use, and there has been promising research using the vaccines for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, as well as to several tumour types. Although only one DNA vaccine has been approved for human use, DNA vaccines may have a number of potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.
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