Infect Immun. 2011 Feb;79(2):688-94. Epub 2010 Nov 22.
... Type I interferons (IFNs) are central regulators of the innate and adaptive immune responses to viral and bacterial infections. Type I IFNs are induced upon cytosolic detection of microbial nucleic acids, including DNA, RNA, and the bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP). In addition, a ...
... Type I interferons (IFNs) are central regulators of the innate and adaptive immune responses to viral and bacterial infections. Type I IFNs are induced upon cytosolic detection of microbial nucleic acids, including DNA, RNA, and the bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP). In addition, a ...
Functional constraints and frequency of deleterious mutations in
... depends critically on the genomic deleterious mutation rate, U. For example, under a multiplicative model the load is 1 ⫺ e⫺U (where U is the mutation rate per diploid; ref. 4). The mutation load also depends on the manner in which mutations interact with one another between and within loci (4), and ...
... depends critically on the genomic deleterious mutation rate, U. For example, under a multiplicative model the load is 1 ⫺ e⫺U (where U is the mutation rate per diploid; ref. 4). The mutation load also depends on the manner in which mutations interact with one another between and within loci (4), and ...
Computational Biology
... Typically, unmethylated clusters of CpG pairs are located in tissue-specific genes and in essential housekeeping genes. (House-keeping genes are involved in routine maintenance roles and are expressed in most tissues.) ...
... Typically, unmethylated clusters of CpG pairs are located in tissue-specific genes and in essential housekeeping genes. (House-keeping genes are involved in routine maintenance roles and are expressed in most tissues.) ...
DNA Prokaryote Transcription Steps (updated February 2013)
... polymerase III transcribes 5S rDNA, tDNA and other snDNA genes.] Other transcription factors bind the CAAT box, GC boxes or CACCC boxes if present as well as enhancer or silencer sequences which may also be found in certain upstream regulatory sequences of a given structural gene promoter. Sometimes ...
... polymerase III transcribes 5S rDNA, tDNA and other snDNA genes.] Other transcription factors bind the CAAT box, GC boxes or CACCC boxes if present as well as enhancer or silencer sequences which may also be found in certain upstream regulatory sequences of a given structural gene promoter. Sometimes ...
Flagellin from Marinobacter algicola and Vibrio vulnificus activates
... (Fig. 2A). This increase was observed 3 days post-injection for all the three recombinant ...
... (Fig. 2A). This increase was observed 3 days post-injection for all the three recombinant ...
The intestinal immune system
... reaginic sensitivity reactions at the surface of the intestinal epithelium as reported for nasal epithelium. Because some dietary antigen is clearly absorbed by normal subjects, the importance of S-IgA antibody may lie in reducing the amount of antigen that gains access to the lamina propria. S-IgA ...
... reaginic sensitivity reactions at the surface of the intestinal epithelium as reported for nasal epithelium. Because some dietary antigen is clearly absorbed by normal subjects, the importance of S-IgA antibody may lie in reducing the amount of antigen that gains access to the lamina propria. S-IgA ...
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
... Extracellular and intracellular pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), recognise components of the virion, which triggers the innate immune response to the virus. This leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as type 1 interferons (IFN), tumour necrosis fa ...
... Extracellular and intracellular pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), recognise components of the virion, which triggers the innate immune response to the virus. This leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as type 1 interferons (IFN), tumour necrosis fa ...
letters
... (Fig. 2a, lane 7). Using various GST-fused EZH2 fragments, we found that EZH2 associates with DNMTs primarily via its amino-terminal portion (Fig. 2a, lanes 4–6). In the reciprocal experiment, IVT EZH2 was found to interact with both the amino-terminal and carboxyterminal parts of DNMT1, and with th ...
... (Fig. 2a, lane 7). Using various GST-fused EZH2 fragments, we found that EZH2 associates with DNMTs primarily via its amino-terminal portion (Fig. 2a, lanes 4–6). In the reciprocal experiment, IVT EZH2 was found to interact with both the amino-terminal and carboxyterminal parts of DNMT1, and with th ...
The pk-1 gene of Autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear
... Mr markers). The sizes of the low M r markers are shown on the right. A schematic diagram of the relevant restriction sites is shown below. (Bischoff & Slavicek, 1993). Like PK-1, the L d M N P V v P K protein also apparently lacks a regulatory domain. A c o m p a r i s o n o f the amino acid sequen ...
... Mr markers). The sizes of the low M r markers are shown on the right. A schematic diagram of the relevant restriction sites is shown below. (Bischoff & Slavicek, 1993). Like PK-1, the L d M N P V v P K protein also apparently lacks a regulatory domain. A c o m p a r i s o n o f the amino acid sequen ...
micro chapter 10 ppt. 11th edition
... The proteins (antigens) are positioned on the filter exactly as they were on the gel. The filter is then washed with patient’s serum followed by anti-human antibodies tagged with an enzyme. The patient antibodies that combine with their specific antigen are visible (shown here in red) when the enzym ...
... The proteins (antigens) are positioned on the filter exactly as they were on the gel. The filter is then washed with patient’s serum followed by anti-human antibodies tagged with an enzyme. The patient antibodies that combine with their specific antigen are visible (shown here in red) when the enzym ...
DNA cloning
... the cell as circular DNA molecules that are highly supercoiled. The lysate is treated with sodium hydroxide to denature all of the DNA, and with detergent, SDS. The pH is then abruptly lowered, causing the SDS to precipitate and bring with it denatured chromosomal DNA, membrane fragments, and other ...
... the cell as circular DNA molecules that are highly supercoiled. The lysate is treated with sodium hydroxide to denature all of the DNA, and with detergent, SDS. The pH is then abruptly lowered, causing the SDS to precipitate and bring with it denatured chromosomal DNA, membrane fragments, and other ...
Glaciecola psychrophila sp. nov., a novel psychrophilic bacterium
... the genus Glaciecola have been isolated from sea-ice samples collected from coastal areas of eastern Antarctica, marine invertebrate specimens and polar seawater. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence presented herein, a bacterial Arctic strain, designated 170T, is considered to represent a novel ...
... the genus Glaciecola have been isolated from sea-ice samples collected from coastal areas of eastern Antarctica, marine invertebrate specimens and polar seawater. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence presented herein, a bacterial Arctic strain, designated 170T, is considered to represent a novel ...
Biology OF CLONING VECTORS-III-B.SC - E
... AAV is a single stranded DNA virus a member of the parvovirus family, & is naturally replication defective, such that it requires the presence of another virus to complete its infection cycle. In adenovirus or herpesvirus infected cells. AAV replicates lyticallty and produces thousands of progeny vi ...
... AAV is a single stranded DNA virus a member of the parvovirus family, & is naturally replication defective, such that it requires the presence of another virus to complete its infection cycle. In adenovirus or herpesvirus infected cells. AAV replicates lyticallty and produces thousands of progeny vi ...
Differential effect of auxotrophies on the release of macromolecules
... already at 1 h (Fig. 2). Such bulges were expected as similar structures have been observed when bacteria were treated with antibiotics that also block cell wall synthesis (Bayer, 1967; Staugaard et al., 1976). At this early time point, spheres were observed that probably represent bacterial debris. ...
... already at 1 h (Fig. 2). Such bulges were expected as similar structures have been observed when bacteria were treated with antibiotics that also block cell wall synthesis (Bayer, 1967; Staugaard et al., 1976). At this early time point, spheres were observed that probably represent bacterial debris. ...
Registration Form - Wellesley College
... Registration for Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules and Infectious Agent Research III-D-3-e Infectious or defective viruses in the presence of helper virus in tissue culture not covered in III-D above. IBC reserves the right to determine Risk Group Classification for novel agents. III-D ...
... Registration for Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules and Infectious Agent Research III-D-3-e Infectious or defective viruses in the presence of helper virus in tissue culture not covered in III-D above. IBC reserves the right to determine Risk Group Classification for novel agents. III-D ...
Wild-Type and NS5A-Transgenic Mice T Cell Responses in +
... inhibitors (3, 4). For HCV nongenotype 1 infections, the therapy is composed of pegylated IFN-a and ribavirin. Individuals that clear an acute HCV infection spontaneously or by standard-of-care treatment more commonly have CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to multiple HCV proteins, whereas those who progress to ...
... inhibitors (3, 4). For HCV nongenotype 1 infections, the therapy is composed of pegylated IFN-a and ribavirin. Individuals that clear an acute HCV infection spontaneously or by standard-of-care treatment more commonly have CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to multiple HCV proteins, whereas those who progress to ...
The influence of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH
... Mosaics occur more frequently in the extraembryonic placental tissue (trophoblast/chorion) than in the embryonic tissue, that is, the set of chromosomes of the placenta is not always identical to the set of chromosomes of the fetus. Following chorionic villus sampling (CVS), this leads to fetoplacen ...
... Mosaics occur more frequently in the extraembryonic placental tissue (trophoblast/chorion) than in the embryonic tissue, that is, the set of chromosomes of the placenta is not always identical to the set of chromosomes of the fetus. Following chorionic villus sampling (CVS), this leads to fetoplacen ...
Creating 3-Dimensional Graph Structures with DNA
... Seeman [9] suggested two physical models for exploring 3D DNA structures and the plausibility of their construction. We built the structure we propose (type I edge building block) using one of his models, as shown in Fig. 13. This supports the plausibility of our construction. It could be simpler to ...
... Seeman [9] suggested two physical models for exploring 3D DNA structures and the plausibility of their construction. We built the structure we propose (type I edge building block) using one of his models, as shown in Fig. 13. This supports the plausibility of our construction. It could be simpler to ...
Immune response of an invertebrate nervous system: A
... proteins, endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins, proteins involved in metabolic pathways, a calcium-binding protein, and an iron oxygen-binding protein. After a period of immune challenge as short as one hour, we detected the modulation of cytoskeletal proteins. Indeed, sequences obtained for the sp ...
... proteins, endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins, proteins involved in metabolic pathways, a calcium-binding protein, and an iron oxygen-binding protein. After a period of immune challenge as short as one hour, we detected the modulation of cytoskeletal proteins. Indeed, sequences obtained for the sp ...
Chapter I Overview of Immunology
... Dentritic cells(DC) γδ T cells B1 cells Other cells participating in innate immunity ...
... Dentritic cells(DC) γδ T cells B1 cells Other cells participating in innate immunity ...
7HealthandImmuneSystem11
... These do not work on viruses (viruses are non-living). Vaccines are dead or weakened pathogens used to stimulate the immune system’s production of antibodies. These are a preventative measure and our best present defense against viruses. ...
... These do not work on viruses (viruses are non-living). Vaccines are dead or weakened pathogens used to stimulate the immune system’s production of antibodies. These are a preventative measure and our best present defense against viruses. ...
DNA vaccination
DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response. Several DNA vaccines have been released for veterinary use, and there has been promising research using the vaccines for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, as well as to several tumour types. Although only one DNA vaccine has been approved for human use, DNA vaccines may have a number of potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.