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... 1.0__B___ 8. Plotting initial velocity against various pH values in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction gives: A. A hyperbolic curve B. A bell-shaped curve C. A linear plot D. A sigmoid curve 0.25__C___ 9. True of active site in enzyme, EXCEPT: A. it is the only site for catalysis B. it is the binding site ...
... 1.0__B___ 8. Plotting initial velocity against various pH values in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction gives: A. A hyperbolic curve B. A bell-shaped curve C. A linear plot D. A sigmoid curve 0.25__C___ 9. True of active site in enzyme, EXCEPT: A. it is the only site for catalysis B. it is the binding site ...
Nuclear Architecture, Chromosome Territories, Chromatin Dynamics
... spatial arrangement of targeted DNA sequences in the nucleus. Using confocal microscopy that allows the distinct visualization of three or more different fluorochromes, differently labeled nuclear targets can be delineated simultaneously within one experiment by multicolor 3D-FISH experiments their ...
... spatial arrangement of targeted DNA sequences in the nucleus. Using confocal microscopy that allows the distinct visualization of three or more different fluorochromes, differently labeled nuclear targets can be delineated simultaneously within one experiment by multicolor 3D-FISH experiments their ...
Chapter 7: Microbial Genetics 10/8/2015
... Prokaryotic DNA replication proceeds in both directions from the Origin until the 2 forks meet and the new copies are enzymatically separated from each other. • eukaryotic chromosomes are linear which requires special enzymes to complete replication of the ends, and they also have multiple origins o ...
... Prokaryotic DNA replication proceeds in both directions from the Origin until the 2 forks meet and the new copies are enzymatically separated from each other. • eukaryotic chromosomes are linear which requires special enzymes to complete replication of the ends, and they also have multiple origins o ...
7.014 Problem Set 3
... In order for an organism to grow, its’ cells need to divide. For each round of cell division, DNA has to be replicated such that both the parental cell and daughter cell receive a copy of DNA after division. (b) You have created an in vitro (in the test tube) DNA replication system using yeast prote ...
... In order for an organism to grow, its’ cells need to divide. For each round of cell division, DNA has to be replicated such that both the parental cell and daughter cell receive a copy of DNA after division. (b) You have created an in vitro (in the test tube) DNA replication system using yeast prote ...
Tulane University Matrix DNA Diagnostics Lab
... The patient should be fully informed about the test. Nature of the test/Methodology: The test detects mutations in the gene(s) involved in the synthesis of proteins of connective tissue using Sanger sequencing. Sanger sequencing is highly sensitive and currently the gold standard of mutation detecti ...
... The patient should be fully informed about the test. Nature of the test/Methodology: The test detects mutations in the gene(s) involved in the synthesis of proteins of connective tissue using Sanger sequencing. Sanger sequencing is highly sensitive and currently the gold standard of mutation detecti ...
ecole doctorale « medicament - L`Institut de Formation Doctorale
... Contenu scientifique du programme de la thèse (en anglais) At the beginning of mitosis, when the nuclear envelope is dissolved, many nuclear components, including most transcription factors, dissociate from chromatin and freely diffuse in the cytoplasm. At the same time, chromatin compaction leads t ...
... Contenu scientifique du programme de la thèse (en anglais) At the beginning of mitosis, when the nuclear envelope is dissolved, many nuclear components, including most transcription factors, dissociate from chromatin and freely diffuse in the cytoplasm. At the same time, chromatin compaction leads t ...
Topic 10: « MODERN METHODS OF DNA DIAGNOSIS OF
... components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information. DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units calle ...
... components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information. DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units calle ...
DNA Extraction Lab - Discover the Microbes Within!
... solution (Buffer ATL). This basically breaks open cell and nuclear membranes. The dilemma here is that it also exposes DNA to proteins in the insect tissue. Therefore, the enzyme Proteinase K must be added to denature the proteins and keep the DNA intact. Finally, they will add ethanol to precipitat ...
... solution (Buffer ATL). This basically breaks open cell and nuclear membranes. The dilemma here is that it also exposes DNA to proteins in the insect tissue. Therefore, the enzyme Proteinase K must be added to denature the proteins and keep the DNA intact. Finally, they will add ethanol to precipitat ...
Promoter identification
... Promoters of housekeeping genes are easier to predict, but housekeeping genes are not regulated that strongly. So if biologist wants to up- or down-regulate the expression and you tell him he has CpG island promoter, he is usually not happy. • non-CpG islands correspond to tissue-specific expression ...
... Promoters of housekeeping genes are easier to predict, but housekeeping genes are not regulated that strongly. So if biologist wants to up- or down-regulate the expression and you tell him he has CpG island promoter, he is usually not happy. • non-CpG islands correspond to tissue-specific expression ...
Chapter 3: Presentation Slides
... Chromatin Structure • Nucleosomes coil to form higher order DNA structure = 30 nm fiber which is a left-handed superhelix or solenoidal supercoil; contains 6 nucleosomes per turn • 30 nm fiber condenses to compact metaphase chromosome in which DNA/histone complex is attached to scaffold of non-hist ...
... Chromatin Structure • Nucleosomes coil to form higher order DNA structure = 30 nm fiber which is a left-handed superhelix or solenoidal supercoil; contains 6 nucleosomes per turn • 30 nm fiber condenses to compact metaphase chromosome in which DNA/histone complex is attached to scaffold of non-hist ...
Lab 7: Molecular Biology
... according to size, with the smaller fragments migrating to a greater distance than the larger molecules. Because the distance of migration is inversely proportional to size, the actual sizes of the DNA fragments can be determined by comparing the distances they migrated to the migration of DNA fragm ...
... according to size, with the smaller fragments migrating to a greater distance than the larger molecules. Because the distance of migration is inversely proportional to size, the actual sizes of the DNA fragments can be determined by comparing the distances they migrated to the migration of DNA fragm ...
Links between genome replication and chromatin landscapes
... but most likely also in space, within the S phase; however, the specification of genomic sites where ORIs are located, their coordinated timing of activation and the coupling with other DNA-mediated processes (transcription, repair, recombination) are still very poorly understood in molecular terms. ...
... but most likely also in space, within the S phase; however, the specification of genomic sites where ORIs are located, their coordinated timing of activation and the coupling with other DNA-mediated processes (transcription, repair, recombination) are still very poorly understood in molecular terms. ...
Mitochondrial DNA and Maximum Oxygen Consumption
... Most of the energy for endurance exercise comes from oxidation of fuel. The maximal capacity of an individual to consume oxygen is therefore one of the important factors limiting endurance performance. The effect of training on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) has been a major focus of researcher ...
... Most of the energy for endurance exercise comes from oxidation of fuel. The maximal capacity of an individual to consume oxygen is therefore one of the important factors limiting endurance performance. The effect of training on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) has been a major focus of researcher ...
3DNA Printer: A Tool for Automated DNA Origami
... In this work, we introduced the software called 3DNAprinter to design the 3D structures using the systematic algorithmic top-down approach. This software is motivated from the work of Veneziano et al [12]. A software called DAEDALUS has been developed on this idea [12]. The main difference between D ...
... In this work, we introduced the software called 3DNAprinter to design the 3D structures using the systematic algorithmic top-down approach. This software is motivated from the work of Veneziano et al [12]. A software called DAEDALUS has been developed on this idea [12]. The main difference between D ...
The XPE Gene of Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Its Product and
... eroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is an inheritable genetic disorder in which patients become very sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and prone to skin cancer. Its genetics are complex and multiallehc. Based on complementation studies, involving UV sensitivity of fused cells, initially XP was clas ...
... eroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is an inheritable genetic disorder in which patients become very sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and prone to skin cancer. Its genetics are complex and multiallehc. Based on complementation studies, involving UV sensitivity of fused cells, initially XP was clas ...
Chromatin Condensing Functions of the Linker Histone C
... order transitions concomitant with binding to their macromolecular targets (9, 21, 22). While much progress has been made predicting the prevalence of intrinsically disordered protein domains in eukaryotic proteomes (23), there is a relative paucity of experimental biochemical data that address the ...
... order transitions concomitant with binding to their macromolecular targets (9, 21, 22). While much progress has been made predicting the prevalence of intrinsically disordered protein domains in eukaryotic proteomes (23), there is a relative paucity of experimental biochemical data that address the ...
Question 1
... It doesn’t matter which nitrogens/hydrogens on arginine are involved in the hydrogen bonds, as long as they bind to the correct position on the base pair. 5. Exposure of nonpolar sidechains to water causes an ordering of water molecules around the nonpoloar side chains, which is entropically unfavor ...
... It doesn’t matter which nitrogens/hydrogens on arginine are involved in the hydrogen bonds, as long as they bind to the correct position on the base pair. 5. Exposure of nonpolar sidechains to water causes an ordering of water molecules around the nonpoloar side chains, which is entropically unfavor ...
The Cell Nucleus…
... amino acid residues in the histone tails – The histone code hypothesis – 1. The state & activity of a particular region of chromatin depends upon the specific modifications, or combination of modifications, to the histone tails in that region – 2. The pattern of modifications on the tails of the cor ...
... amino acid residues in the histone tails – The histone code hypothesis – 1. The state & activity of a particular region of chromatin depends upon the specific modifications, or combination of modifications, to the histone tails in that region – 2. The pattern of modifications on the tails of the cor ...
Gene Section E2F6 (E2F transcription factor 6) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... frameshift leading to an early stop codon. This transcript may function in a regulatory role with no protein translated. The predicted protein (isoform b) is much shorter than isoform a. Transcript variants 2 and 4 encode isoform b. Transcript variant 3 lacks a segment (2287 bp mRNA), compared to va ...
... frameshift leading to an early stop codon. This transcript may function in a regulatory role with no protein translated. The predicted protein (isoform b) is much shorter than isoform a. Transcript variants 2 and 4 encode isoform b. Transcript variant 3 lacks a segment (2287 bp mRNA), compared to va ...
Nucleosome
A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores. This structure is often compared to thread wrapped around a spool.Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin, which is used to pack the large eukaryotic genomes into the nucleus while still ensuring appropriate access to it (in mammalian cells approximately 2 m of linear DNA have to be packed into a nucleus of roughly 10 µm diameter). Nucleosomes are folded through a series of successively higher order structures to eventually form a chromosome; this both compacts DNA and creates an added layer of regulatory control, which ensures correct gene expression. Nucleosomes are thought to carry epigenetically inherited information in the form of covalent modifications of their core histones.Nucleosomes were observed as particles in the electron microscope by Don and Ada Olins and their existence and structure (as histone octamers surrounded by approximately 200 base pairs of DNA) were proposed by Roger Kornberg. The role of the nucleosome as a general gene repressor was demonstrated by Lorch et al. in vitro and by Han and Grunstein in vivo.The nucleosome core particle consists of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.67 left-handed superhelical turns around a histone octamer consisting of 2 copies each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Core particles are connected by stretches of ""linker DNA"", which can be up to about 80 bp long. Technically, a nucleosome is defined as the core particle plus one of these linker regions; however the word is often synonymous with the core particle. Genome-wide nucleosome positioning maps are now available for many model organisms including mouse liver and brain.Linker histones such as H1 and its isoforms are involved in chromatin compaction and sit at the base of the nucleosome near the DNA entry and exit binding to the linker region of the DNA. Non-condensed nucleosomes without the linker histone resemble ""beads on a string of DNA"" under an electron microscope.In contrast to most eukaryotic cells, mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio. Histone equivalents and a simplified chromatin structure have also been found in Archea, suggesting that eukaryotes are not the only organisms that use nucleosomes.