Chapter 21 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
... mRNA Processing: Exons and Introns The DNA of eukaryotes contains exons that code for proteins along with introns that do not. The initial mRNA called a pre-RNA includes the noncoding introns. While in the nucleus, the introns are removed from the pre-RNA. The exons that remain are joined t ...
... mRNA Processing: Exons and Introns The DNA of eukaryotes contains exons that code for proteins along with introns that do not. The initial mRNA called a pre-RNA includes the noncoding introns. While in the nucleus, the introns are removed from the pre-RNA. The exons that remain are joined t ...
1 Introduction
... topoisomerase IIβ (Drake et al, 1987). DNA topoisomerase IIα is a 1531residue polypeptide, whereas DNA topoisomerase IIβ is 90 amino acids longer than the IIα-form (Austin et al, 1993). The alignment of the sequence of the IIα and IIβ isoform showed a strict homology of 86%, except in the region enc ...
... topoisomerase IIβ (Drake et al, 1987). DNA topoisomerase IIα is a 1531residue polypeptide, whereas DNA topoisomerase IIβ is 90 amino acids longer than the IIα-form (Austin et al, 1993). The alignment of the sequence of the IIα and IIβ isoform showed a strict homology of 86%, except in the region enc ...
reproductive cell fate transition in plants - Development
... Histone variants are dynamically exchanged in differentiating MMCs Linker histones (H1) are essential modulators of chromatin compaction through binding to the linker DNA and the core nucleosome, thereby stabilizing higher-order chromatin structure (Robinson and Rhodes, 2006). The Arabidopsis genome ...
... Histone variants are dynamically exchanged in differentiating MMCs Linker histones (H1) are essential modulators of chromatin compaction through binding to the linker DNA and the core nucleosome, thereby stabilizing higher-order chromatin structure (Robinson and Rhodes, 2006). The Arabidopsis genome ...
Bacteriophage-mediated nucleic acid immunisation
... site of the VZAP express vector (Stratagene). The V-B1 clone was selected from the MmmSC library by performing plaque lifts and Western blotting with bovine convalescent and rabbit hyperimmune serum raised against MmmSC. Plaques which showed good responses against both sera were picked, ampli¢ed and ...
... site of the VZAP express vector (Stratagene). The V-B1 clone was selected from the MmmSC library by performing plaque lifts and Western blotting with bovine convalescent and rabbit hyperimmune serum raised against MmmSC. Plaques which showed good responses against both sera were picked, ampli¢ed and ...
Genome-wide histone modification patterns in
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 15, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/039776. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 15, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/039776. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license. ...
Recombinant "Paper" Plasmid Background:
... for each of the enzymes on the cell DNA. The enzyme must have a m a t c h in two places on the cell DNA: one above the gene and the second below the gene to be useful. Discard any enzyme that cannot cut the cell DNA both above and below the gene. Select one enzyme that can cut the plasmid in one pla ...
... for each of the enzymes on the cell DNA. The enzyme must have a m a t c h in two places on the cell DNA: one above the gene and the second below the gene to be useful. Discard any enzyme that cannot cut the cell DNA both above and below the gene. Select one enzyme that can cut the plasmid in one pla ...
DNA Binding Properties of Novel Platinum and Palladium
... resistance to cisplatin often develops and the drug itself is toxic to the patient, with the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, and nervous system all experiencing distress resulting from treatment. Not all tumors respond to cisplatin, so there is of course the hope tha ...
... resistance to cisplatin often develops and the drug itself is toxic to the patient, with the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, and nervous system all experiencing distress resulting from treatment. Not all tumors respond to cisplatin, so there is of course the hope tha ...
Detecting multiple DNA human profile from a mosquito blood meal
... relation to only the complete markers. Therefore, for statistical comparison of traces with two suspects (B and C), the following loci were excluded: Penta E, D16S539, TPOX, and FGA; and calculations with three possible suspects (B, C and D) THO1, Penta E, and D5S818 were excluded. The resulting LRs ...
... relation to only the complete markers. Therefore, for statistical comparison of traces with two suspects (B and C), the following loci were excluded: Penta E, D16S539, TPOX, and FGA; and calculations with three possible suspects (B, C and D) THO1, Penta E, and D5S818 were excluded. The resulting LRs ...
Epigenetics in mood disorders
... relatively fixed genome and an often variable environment involves epigenetic factors. Epigenetic changes are long-lasting modifications in gene function that do not involve changes in gene sequences. Recent evidence suggests that these changes may occur in both dividing and nondividing cells [2–5] ...
... relatively fixed genome and an often variable environment involves epigenetic factors. Epigenetic changes are long-lasting modifications in gene function that do not involve changes in gene sequences. Recent evidence suggests that these changes may occur in both dividing and nondividing cells [2–5] ...
appendix ii - Shodhganga
... base sequence could provide the code for this section of polypeptide? a) ACA-CTA-GTG-ATC-CTA-TTC-GTG b) ACA-CTA-GTG-ATG-CTA-AAC-GTG c) ACA-CTT-GTG-ATG-CTA-TTC-GTG d) ACA-CUA-GUG-AUG-CUA-UUC-GUG 16. Which statement correctly describes the transcription of DNA? a) It produces amino acids. b) It produc ...
... base sequence could provide the code for this section of polypeptide? a) ACA-CTA-GTG-ATC-CTA-TTC-GTG b) ACA-CTA-GTG-ATG-CTA-AAC-GTG c) ACA-CTT-GTG-ATG-CTA-TTC-GTG d) ACA-CUA-GUG-AUG-CUA-UUC-GUG 16. Which statement correctly describes the transcription of DNA? a) It produces amino acids. b) It produc ...
Chapter 20
... mixture of DNA molecules, usually fragments produced by restriction enzyme digestion, is separated into “bands”; each band contains thousands of molecules of the same length. After the current is turned off, a DNA-binding dye is added. This dye fluoresces pink in ultraviolet light, revealing the sep ...
... mixture of DNA molecules, usually fragments produced by restriction enzyme digestion, is separated into “bands”; each band contains thousands of molecules of the same length. After the current is turned off, a DNA-binding dye is added. This dye fluoresces pink in ultraviolet light, revealing the sep ...
reproductive cell fate transition in plants - Development
... organization of the MMC thus markedly differs from that of the surrounding nucellar cells, and nuclear differentiation is visible as ...
... organization of the MMC thus markedly differs from that of the surrounding nucellar cells, and nuclear differentiation is visible as ...
DNA interference: DNA-induced gene silencing in the
... to have 50 UTR of 216 bp in length, and does not have the spliced reader sequence [15]. We confirmed that PCR-50 Bra-1 does not correspond to 50 UTR of Brachyury mRNA in three ways. First, our 50 -RACE analysis showed that Brachyury cDNA does not have longer UTR in consistent with the previous repor ...
... to have 50 UTR of 216 bp in length, and does not have the spliced reader sequence [15]. We confirmed that PCR-50 Bra-1 does not correspond to 50 UTR of Brachyury mRNA in three ways. First, our 50 -RACE analysis showed that Brachyury cDNA does not have longer UTR in consistent with the previous repor ...
Gill: Gene Regulation II
... Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence There are objections to the use of the term epigenetic to describe chemical modification of histone, since it remains unknown whether or not ...
... Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence There are objections to the use of the term epigenetic to describe chemical modification of histone, since it remains unknown whether or not ...
presentation slides - Environmental Health and Safety
... assessment should include both the origin of those sources and function of the individual genes. ...
... assessment should include both the origin of those sources and function of the individual genes. ...
Assembly of additional heterochromatin distinct from centromere
... sites that correlate with transcriptional activation on the marker gene on the YAC sites (Nakano et al., 2003). The result indicates that the suppressed state on ectopic alphoid loci can be reversed by the epigenetic change of the adjacent chromatin to a transcriptionally active state. A lack of a u ...
... sites that correlate with transcriptional activation on the marker gene on the YAC sites (Nakano et al., 2003). The result indicates that the suppressed state on ectopic alphoid loci can be reversed by the epigenetic change of the adjacent chromatin to a transcriptionally active state. A lack of a u ...
A model for repair of radiation-induced DNA double
... way of guidance for non-mutagenic mending because neither of the two strands are fully informative. In organisms that contain two or more homologous or identical chromosomes (as in all eukaryotes and many prokaryotes), a DNA fragment liberated by damage of one chromosome might provide the necessary ...
... way of guidance for non-mutagenic mending because neither of the two strands are fully informative. In organisms that contain two or more homologous or identical chromosomes (as in all eukaryotes and many prokaryotes), a DNA fragment liberated by damage of one chromosome might provide the necessary ...
Nongenic transcription, gene regulation and action at a distance
... rates up to 1000-fold. In higher eukaryotes, an additional but ill-defined nuclear ‘context’ acts over thousands of base pairs to regulate transcription by another 10,000-fold or more (Ivarie et al., 1983). Although a histone ‘code’ forms part of this context (Jenuwein and Allis, 2001; Kurdistani an ...
... rates up to 1000-fold. In higher eukaryotes, an additional but ill-defined nuclear ‘context’ acts over thousands of base pairs to regulate transcription by another 10,000-fold or more (Ivarie et al., 1983). Although a histone ‘code’ forms part of this context (Jenuwein and Allis, 2001; Kurdistani an ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
... 2.3. DNA ENZYMATIC MODIFICATIONS ...
... 2.3. DNA ENZYMATIC MODIFICATIONS ...
A Variant within the DNA Repair Gene XRCC3 Is
... involved in repairing UV-DNA damage are the base excision, the nucleotide excision, and the homologous double-stranded DNA repair pathways. This study used a sequence-specific primer PCR (PCR-SSP) genotyping method to investigate the association between polymorphisms in DNA repair genes from these p ...
... involved in repairing UV-DNA damage are the base excision, the nucleotide excision, and the homologous double-stranded DNA repair pathways. This study used a sequence-specific primer PCR (PCR-SSP) genotyping method to investigate the association between polymorphisms in DNA repair genes from these p ...
Decomposition of DNA Sequence Complexity
... Note that the overall complexity of the entire genome sequence of E. coli is very similar to that obtained with only a partial sequence (ECO110K, see Fig. 2). Greater complexities for A兾T were observed not only in the E. coli genome, in which the GC content was around 50%, but also in genomes of mor ...
... Note that the overall complexity of the entire genome sequence of E. coli is very similar to that obtained with only a partial sequence (ECO110K, see Fig. 2). Greater complexities for A兾T were observed not only in the E. coli genome, in which the GC content was around 50%, but also in genomes of mor ...
lab 10 dna transformation student guide
... operator site of the Lac operon and this α-donor region, which allows the peptide to be functional. (Karcher) When a strain of -acceptor E. coli is transformed with nonrecombinant Bluescript or pUC plasmid, the resulting transformed cells are phenotypically Lac+, meaning that they produce β-galactos ...
... operator site of the Lac operon and this α-donor region, which allows the peptide to be functional. (Karcher) When a strain of -acceptor E. coli is transformed with nonrecombinant Bluescript or pUC plasmid, the resulting transformed cells are phenotypically Lac+, meaning that they produce β-galactos ...
Nucleosome
A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores. This structure is often compared to thread wrapped around a spool.Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin, which is used to pack the large eukaryotic genomes into the nucleus while still ensuring appropriate access to it (in mammalian cells approximately 2 m of linear DNA have to be packed into a nucleus of roughly 10 µm diameter). Nucleosomes are folded through a series of successively higher order structures to eventually form a chromosome; this both compacts DNA and creates an added layer of regulatory control, which ensures correct gene expression. Nucleosomes are thought to carry epigenetically inherited information in the form of covalent modifications of their core histones.Nucleosomes were observed as particles in the electron microscope by Don and Ada Olins and their existence and structure (as histone octamers surrounded by approximately 200 base pairs of DNA) were proposed by Roger Kornberg. The role of the nucleosome as a general gene repressor was demonstrated by Lorch et al. in vitro and by Han and Grunstein in vivo.The nucleosome core particle consists of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.67 left-handed superhelical turns around a histone octamer consisting of 2 copies each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Core particles are connected by stretches of ""linker DNA"", which can be up to about 80 bp long. Technically, a nucleosome is defined as the core particle plus one of these linker regions; however the word is often synonymous with the core particle. Genome-wide nucleosome positioning maps are now available for many model organisms including mouse liver and brain.Linker histones such as H1 and its isoforms are involved in chromatin compaction and sit at the base of the nucleosome near the DNA entry and exit binding to the linker region of the DNA. Non-condensed nucleosomes without the linker histone resemble ""beads on a string of DNA"" under an electron microscope.In contrast to most eukaryotic cells, mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio. Histone equivalents and a simplified chromatin structure have also been found in Archea, suggesting that eukaryotes are not the only organisms that use nucleosomes.