This is an example of a slide
... WT controls Array#1 Array#2 wt1 cy5 wt ref cy5 wt ref cy3 wt2 cy3 ...
... WT controls Array#1 Array#2 wt1 cy5 wt ref cy5 wt ref cy3 wt2 cy3 ...
Bis2A 12.2 Eukaryotic Transcription
... A scientist splices a eukaryotic promoter in front of a bacterial gene and inserts the gene in a bacterial chromosome. Would you expect the bacteria to transcribe the gene? The mouse genome includes one gene and two pseudogenes for cytoplasmic thymidine kinase. Pseudogenes are genes that have lost t ...
... A scientist splices a eukaryotic promoter in front of a bacterial gene and inserts the gene in a bacterial chromosome. Would you expect the bacteria to transcribe the gene? The mouse genome includes one gene and two pseudogenes for cytoplasmic thymidine kinase. Pseudogenes are genes that have lost t ...
A broad expression profile of the GMR-GAL4 driver in
... activation sequence (UAS), and could be transcriptionally activated by GAL4 (Brand and Perrimon, 1993). GMR-GAL4 was constructed by Freeman in 1996 and was reported to drive the expression of target genes in all cells posterior to the morphogenetic furrow in the developing eye specifically (Song et ...
... activation sequence (UAS), and could be transcriptionally activated by GAL4 (Brand and Perrimon, 1993). GMR-GAL4 was constructed by Freeman in 1996 and was reported to drive the expression of target genes in all cells posterior to the morphogenetic furrow in the developing eye specifically (Song et ...
TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY Beijing 100084 CHINA
... Backgroud: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder specific to human pregnancy which is characterized by gestational hypertension, fluid retention, and proteinuria. The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect up to 8% of all gestations. Although preeclampsia has been recognized as a pregnancy diso ...
... Backgroud: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder specific to human pregnancy which is characterized by gestational hypertension, fluid retention, and proteinuria. The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect up to 8% of all gestations. Although preeclampsia has been recognized as a pregnancy diso ...
by David Holzman Unlike its twin
... downstream genes—which in one thoroughly studied case are the enzymes that make the amino acid tryptophan—the antiterminator helix comes together. This action masks some of the nucleotides that would normally fold into the terminator helix and permits transcription to proceed. Two types of attenuato ...
... downstream genes—which in one thoroughly studied case are the enzymes that make the amino acid tryptophan—the antiterminator helix comes together. This action masks some of the nucleotides that would normally fold into the terminator helix and permits transcription to proceed. Two types of attenuato ...
Increased Platform Concordance by Analyzing Gene Sets
... two cell types are typically reported as two hit-lists: one containing genes relatively over-expressed in one cell type and the other listing genes over-expressed in the contrasting cell type. These lists are informative for gene regulation cataloging but at least two major drawbacks exist when repo ...
... two cell types are typically reported as two hit-lists: one containing genes relatively over-expressed in one cell type and the other listing genes over-expressed in the contrasting cell type. These lists are informative for gene regulation cataloging but at least two major drawbacks exist when repo ...
Papaya ringspot virus
... The coat protein gene isolated from Papaya ringspot virus, Thai isolate, was used to generate transgenic papayas. A binary vector containing the coat protein gene under the control of a 35S promoter, was constructed and transformed into somatic embryos of papaya cultivar Khak Dum by microprojectile ...
... The coat protein gene isolated from Papaya ringspot virus, Thai isolate, was used to generate transgenic papayas. A binary vector containing the coat protein gene under the control of a 35S promoter, was constructed and transformed into somatic embryos of papaya cultivar Khak Dum by microprojectile ...
"RNA Interference in Caenorhabditis elegans".
... just over 550 cells. Newly hatched larvae progress through four larval molts to reach adulthood in 3 days, and adult hermaphrodites produce 300 self-progeny over the next 3 days. Both larval and adult worms have remarkably simple anatomies, consisting of an inner tube comprising the pharynx and in ...
... just over 550 cells. Newly hatched larvae progress through four larval molts to reach adulthood in 3 days, and adult hermaphrodites produce 300 self-progeny over the next 3 days. Both larval and adult worms have remarkably simple anatomies, consisting of an inner tube comprising the pharynx and in ...
1 How DNA Makes Stuff
... so an enzyme that plays an important role here is helicase, whose job it is to unwind the DNA helix a little bit so the transcription factors can get at it. Using the transcription factors and the helicase, the RNA polymerase unzips a little of the relevant part of the DNA and begins to move down it ...
... so an enzyme that plays an important role here is helicase, whose job it is to unwind the DNA helix a little bit so the transcription factors can get at it. Using the transcription factors and the helicase, the RNA polymerase unzips a little of the relevant part of the DNA and begins to move down it ...
methodology for high-quality RNA extraction from poultry whole
... used for blood collection and preparation of samples may cause changes in gene expression ex vivo. In this study, adequate blood volumes (2 ml) were successfully drawn from the cutaneous ulnar and medial metatarsal vein with minimal haematoma formation. Coagulation of blood samples may occur if an a ...
... used for blood collection and preparation of samples may cause changes in gene expression ex vivo. In this study, adequate blood volumes (2 ml) were successfully drawn from the cutaneous ulnar and medial metatarsal vein with minimal haematoma formation. Coagulation of blood samples may occur if an a ...
RNA interference - Bio
... ODNs- ODNs are generally ~20 nucleotides in length, their mode of action is by hybridizing to pre-mRNA and mRNA to produce a substrate for ribonuclease H (RNaseH) which specifically degrades the RNA strand of the formed RNA-DNA duplexes. Modification of ODN’s in a way to prevent the action of RNaseH ...
... ODNs- ODNs are generally ~20 nucleotides in length, their mode of action is by hybridizing to pre-mRNA and mRNA to produce a substrate for ribonuclease H (RNaseH) which specifically degrades the RNA strand of the formed RNA-DNA duplexes. Modification of ODN’s in a way to prevent the action of RNaseH ...
to get the file - Chair of Computational Biology
... in regulating gene expression and plant development, siRNAs play a major role in defending the genome against the proliferation of invading viruses and endogenous transposable elements. The function of the fourth type of sRNAs, natural-antisense siRNAs (natsiRNAs), is not entirely clear but is likel ...
... in regulating gene expression and plant development, siRNAs play a major role in defending the genome against the proliferation of invading viruses and endogenous transposable elements. The function of the fourth type of sRNAs, natural-antisense siRNAs (natsiRNAs), is not entirely clear but is likel ...
Gene Regulation
... • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNA molecules that can bind to mRNA • These can degrade mRNA or block its translation • The phenomenon of inhibition of gene expression by RNA molecules is called RNA interference (RNAi) • RNAi is caused by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) • siRNAs and m ...
... • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNA molecules that can bind to mRNA • These can degrade mRNA or block its translation • The phenomenon of inhibition of gene expression by RNA molecules is called RNA interference (RNAi) • RNAi is caused by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) • siRNAs and m ...
Protein Synthesis
... genetic code stored within DNA to build proteins, which ultimately determine the structure and function of the cell. This genetic code lies in the particular sequence of nucleotides that make up each gene along the DNA molecule. To read this code, the cell must perform two sequential steps. In the ...
... genetic code stored within DNA to build proteins, which ultimately determine the structure and function of the cell. This genetic code lies in the particular sequence of nucleotides that make up each gene along the DNA molecule. To read this code, the cell must perform two sequential steps. In the ...
HL Protein Synthesis Question Sheet
... prevent this. The average lifespan of a eukaryotic mRNA molecule is 10 minutes. In eukaryotes, some of the DNA does not code for polypeptides. Some of these non-coding regions can be found within coding regions, breaking up the code. They are called introns. These non-coding introns are transcribed ...
... prevent this. The average lifespan of a eukaryotic mRNA molecule is 10 minutes. In eukaryotes, some of the DNA does not code for polypeptides. Some of these non-coding regions can be found within coding regions, breaking up the code. They are called introns. These non-coding introns are transcribed ...
RNA synthesis/Transcription I Biochemistry 302
... • Core RNAP moves along the DNA template simultaneously unwinding DNA ahead and rewinding the template behind. Zn2+-binding domain of β′ subunit is the sliding clamp. RNAP activity requires Mg2+. Formation of 5′ RNA hairpin may be a signal for termination. ...
... • Core RNAP moves along the DNA template simultaneously unwinding DNA ahead and rewinding the template behind. Zn2+-binding domain of β′ subunit is the sliding clamp. RNAP activity requires Mg2+. Formation of 5′ RNA hairpin may be a signal for termination. ...
RNA Biology: Structures to the people! | eLife
... he structures of molecules often hold the key to understanding their roles in cells. Thus, when Watson and Crick proposed the double-helix structure for DNA, they immediately speculated on how DNA may replicate. Unfortunately, working out the structures of RNA molecules is challenging, and the techn ...
... he structures of molecules often hold the key to understanding their roles in cells. Thus, when Watson and Crick proposed the double-helix structure for DNA, they immediately speculated on how DNA may replicate. Unfortunately, working out the structures of RNA molecules is challenging, and the techn ...
ppt2 DNA Transcription and Translation
... During protein construction, transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers each amino acid to the ribosome. Slide 11 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... During protein construction, transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers each amino acid to the ribosome. Slide 11 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
Snímek 1
... heterochromatinization of the neighboring DNA (FRAXA) (1). • The double-stranded hairpin structure formed by the repeat RNAs can sequester RNA-binding proteins such as MBNL1 (2). This leads to altered splicing of MBNL1 target RNAs (3). • In addition, in some cases kinase pathways are activated throu ...
... heterochromatinization of the neighboring DNA (FRAXA) (1). • The double-stranded hairpin structure formed by the repeat RNAs can sequester RNA-binding proteins such as MBNL1 (2). This leads to altered splicing of MBNL1 target RNAs (3). • In addition, in some cases kinase pathways are activated throu ...
Chapter 14
... It is treated with antibiotics such as tetracycline that target its gene expression, but many strains are now becoming resistant to tetracycline. Opening Question: ...
... It is treated with antibiotics such as tetracycline that target its gene expression, but many strains are now becoming resistant to tetracycline. Opening Question: ...
Translational Initiation in Eukaryotes
... RNA helicases • RNA helicase activity was demonstrated (right panel) and found to require ATP and to be stimulated by another protein, eIF4B ...
... RNA helicases • RNA helicase activity was demonstrated (right panel) and found to require ATP and to be stimulated by another protein, eIF4B ...
presentation (spanish ppt format, 3.3 MB)
... Cytoplasmic tRNA genes are grouped into 49 families according to their anti-codon features. tRNA genes are found on all chromosomes, except 22 and Y. High clustering on 6p and 1. tRNA molecules are transcribed (in eukaryotic cells) by RNA polymerase III, unlike messenger RNA which is transcribed by ...
... Cytoplasmic tRNA genes are grouped into 49 families according to their anti-codon features. tRNA genes are found on all chromosomes, except 22 and Y. High clustering on 6p and 1. tRNA molecules are transcribed (in eukaryotic cells) by RNA polymerase III, unlike messenger RNA which is transcribed by ...
Learning Objectives
... 15. Explain how RNA is modified after transcription in eukaryotic cells. 16. Define and explain the role of ribozymes. 17. Describe the functional and evolutionary significance of introns. 18. Explain why, due to alternative RNA splicing, the number of different protein products an organism can prod ...
... 15. Explain how RNA is modified after transcription in eukaryotic cells. 16. Define and explain the role of ribozymes. 17. Describe the functional and evolutionary significance of introns. 18. Explain why, due to alternative RNA splicing, the number of different protein products an organism can prod ...
Bio 112 17 sp11
... reactions of basic metabolism; DNA and proteins were not in the picture. The RNA world hypothesis is an appealingly simple model for simple early life forms, since it allows the complex array of biochemical interactions among proteins, DNA, and RNA to evolve gradually. ...
... reactions of basic metabolism; DNA and proteins were not in the picture. The RNA world hypothesis is an appealingly simple model for simple early life forms, since it allows the complex array of biochemical interactions among proteins, DNA, and RNA to evolve gradually. ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.