Mortality rates of juvenile starfish Acanthaster planci and
... The presence of sorne recently dead animais along with extensive clogging of the mesh suggested that mortality from lack of water exchange bad occurred in these boxes late in the experiment when cleaning of mesh was not done. The higher rate of mortality in the ESCAPE CONTROL boxes can be explained ...
... The presence of sorne recently dead animais along with extensive clogging of the mesh suggested that mortality from lack of water exchange bad occurred in these boxes late in the experiment when cleaning of mesh was not done. The higher rate of mortality in the ESCAPE CONTROL boxes can be explained ...
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN
... therefore restricted to lateral growth over the substratum. Anthozoans, like Zoanthus sociatus and many branching scleractinians, are capable of relatively high rates of growth and regeneration as well as being capable of asexual dispersal by fragmentation (Highsmith et aI., 1981; Tunnicliffe, 1981; ...
... therefore restricted to lateral growth over the substratum. Anthozoans, like Zoanthus sociatus and many branching scleractinians, are capable of relatively high rates of growth and regeneration as well as being capable of asexual dispersal by fragmentation (Highsmith et aI., 1981; Tunnicliffe, 1981; ...
SeaScope - Oceans for Youth Foundation
... of their serving as a point of departure where you, the educator, can expand upon the subject matter to other academic areas. We have learned that the sea excites people’s imaginations and we want to take advantage of this interest to broaden students’ awareness of the interconnectedness of all thin ...
... of their serving as a point of departure where you, the educator, can expand upon the subject matter to other academic areas. We have learned that the sea excites people’s imaginations and we want to take advantage of this interest to broaden students’ awareness of the interconnectedness of all thin ...
Effects of Three Substrate Variables on Two
... (Hiatt and Strasburg, 1960; Talbot, 1965; Jones and Chase, 1975). Only recently, however, have significant correlations been based on actual measurements of the substrate variables (Risk, 1972; Luckhurst and Luckhurst, 1978) as the methods used to collect these data are complex and require considera ...
... (Hiatt and Strasburg, 1960; Talbot, 1965; Jones and Chase, 1975). Only recently, however, have significant correlations been based on actual measurements of the substrate variables (Risk, 1972; Luckhurst and Luckhurst, 1978) as the methods used to collect these data are complex and require considera ...
The Oceans and coastal areas and their resources
... example,seafoodconsumptionis often over 50 kg per person each year (compared with a mean of about 12 kg per person for the world), and in low-lying coral islands, where soils are too poor to support intensive agriculture, seafood consumption is often over 150 kg per personper year. In the past,when ...
... example,seafoodconsumptionis often over 50 kg per person each year (compared with a mean of about 12 kg per person for the world), and in low-lying coral islands, where soils are too poor to support intensive agriculture, seafood consumption is often over 150 kg per personper year. In the past,when ...
Mechanical vulnerability explains sizedependent mortality of reef
... Scleractinian corals are the principal framework builders on coral reefs, and provide much of the habitat structure on which coral reef organisms depend. With few exceptions, they are colonial, with individual modules (polyps) propagating both asexually (colony growth), and founding new colonies by ...
... Scleractinian corals are the principal framework builders on coral reefs, and provide much of the habitat structure on which coral reef organisms depend. With few exceptions, they are colonial, with individual modules (polyps) propagating both asexually (colony growth), and founding new colonies by ...
Underwater observations on sea snake behaviour
... out of coral and 30 sec later gradually rose toward surface and when free of coral went straight up; took one breath and then went straight to bottom, then along bottom for 3 m and entered a different clump of staghorn coral; became motionless; 32 min 40 sec later moved head out and then surfaced; i ...
... out of coral and 30 sec later gradually rose toward surface and when free of coral went straight up; took one breath and then went straight to bottom, then along bottom for 3 m and entered a different clump of staghorn coral; became motionless; 32 min 40 sec later moved head out and then surfaced; i ...
Text - University of Glasgow
... their body condition index, leucocyte counts and reproductive output (Boonstra et al. 1998; Sheriff, Krebs & Boonstra 2009). In addition, larval and juvenile marine fishes that experience frequent exposure to predator cues display reduced growth and lipid stores (Killen & Brown 2006; Killen, Gamperl ...
... their body condition index, leucocyte counts and reproductive output (Boonstra et al. 1998; Sheriff, Krebs & Boonstra 2009). In addition, larval and juvenile marine fishes that experience frequent exposure to predator cues display reduced growth and lipid stores (Killen & Brown 2006; Killen, Gamperl ...
Estimating enhancement of fish production by offshore artificial reefs: uncertainty exhibited
... habitat. If addition of habitat area relaxes a survival bottleneck in the early pre-recruitment life history of a species, then the creation or restoration of additional habitat would be expected to result in a numerical enhancement of recruitment in that species. The second process described in Pet ...
... habitat. If addition of habitat area relaxes a survival bottleneck in the early pre-recruitment life history of a species, then the creation or restoration of additional habitat would be expected to result in a numerical enhancement of recruitment in that species. The second process described in Pet ...
Allelopathic Affects of Briareum asbestinum and Gorgonia sp. on the
... Discussion and Conclusion Allelopathy is a competitive interaction whereby secondary compounds are produced and released into the surrounding environment by one species that affect the colonization, growth, and behavior of other species. The Alcyonacean octocorals of the Indo-Pacific, known to be al ...
... Discussion and Conclusion Allelopathy is a competitive interaction whereby secondary compounds are produced and released into the surrounding environment by one species that affect the colonization, growth, and behavior of other species. The Alcyonacean octocorals of the Indo-Pacific, known to be al ...
Masquerade, mimicry and crypsis of the polymorphic sea anemone
... collected. Despite the fact that more recently this species has been recorded in field guides of the Indo-Pacific (e.g. Gosliner et al., 1996; Williamson et al., 1996; Coleman, 2000; Halstead, 2000; Erhardt and Knop, 2005; Bergbauer et al., 2007) and is the subject of toxicological studies (e.g. Miz ...
... collected. Despite the fact that more recently this species has been recorded in field guides of the Indo-Pacific (e.g. Gosliner et al., 1996; Williamson et al., 1996; Coleman, 2000; Halstead, 2000; Erhardt and Knop, 2005; Bergbauer et al., 2007) and is the subject of toxicological studies (e.g. Miz ...
Materials and Methods - Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
... coastlines and are closely associated with estuarine areas (Blaber, 2002). Mangroves are considered to be highly productive ecosystems which provide, amongst other benefits, a structurally complex area that traps sediment and organic material from land sources. They are thought to maintain water qua ...
... coastlines and are closely associated with estuarine areas (Blaber, 2002). Mangroves are considered to be highly productive ecosystems which provide, amongst other benefits, a structurally complex area that traps sediment and organic material from land sources. They are thought to maintain water qua ...
Effects of fisheries closure size, age, and history of compliance on
... effectiveness needs to consider the influence of these variables (Allen & Werner 2002, Russ 2002, Halpern 2003, Ortiz & Tissot 2008). Trends and relationships within the fisheries closures with the above variables were examined rather than control-impact relationships between closures and fished are ...
... effectiveness needs to consider the influence of these variables (Allen & Werner 2002, Russ 2002, Halpern 2003, Ortiz & Tissot 2008). Trends and relationships within the fisheries closures with the above variables were examined rather than control-impact relationships between closures and fished are ...
Proe 8th Int Coral Reef Sym 2:1393
... Applying dye to Spheciospongia vesparium and Tectitethya showed the expected typical current flow, from ostia (some buried) to osculum. Dye squirted toward the Oceanapia fistulas disappeared and resurfaced from the sand substrate, identifying the root tubules as oscular structures and the flow direc ...
... Applying dye to Spheciospongia vesparium and Tectitethya showed the expected typical current flow, from ostia (some buried) to osculum. Dye squirted toward the Oceanapia fistulas disappeared and resurfaced from the sand substrate, identifying the root tubules as oscular structures and the flow direc ...
Chapter 235 - El Niño and Biodiversity
... evidence from Galapagos diatoms indicates that the most recent 50 years have had the warmest sea-surface temperature (SST) of any 50-year period in the past 1200 years for the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean (Conroy et al., 2009). However, the complexities of modeling the interactive factors contri ...
... evidence from Galapagos diatoms indicates that the most recent 50 years have had the warmest sea-surface temperature (SST) of any 50-year period in the past 1200 years for the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean (Conroy et al., 2009). However, the complexities of modeling the interactive factors contri ...
Marine Science Training Handbook
... Located south of the Tropic of Cancer, Belize has a tropical climate, with gentle breezes and golden sunshine for much of the year, as well as distinct windy, wet and dry seasons. Temperatures are dependent upon elevation, proximity to the coast and the subsequent effects of the north-east trade win ...
... Located south of the Tropic of Cancer, Belize has a tropical climate, with gentle breezes and golden sunshine for much of the year, as well as distinct windy, wet and dry seasons. Temperatures are dependent upon elevation, proximity to the coast and the subsequent effects of the north-east trade win ...
Shallow-water comatulid crinoids (Echinodermata) from Barbados, West Indies
... The morphologically similar species of N. disabundant on .the seaward slope of the bank reef coidea and N. rubiginosa (Figs. 3F, 4) show approximately 1km south of the Bellairs Institute. broadly overlapping bathymetric distributions Crinoid densities at this site exceeded those of the (Fig. 5, Tabl ...
... The morphologically similar species of N. disabundant on .the seaward slope of the bank reef coidea and N. rubiginosa (Figs. 3F, 4) show approximately 1km south of the Bellairs Institute. broadly overlapping bathymetric distributions Crinoid densities at this site exceeded those of the (Fig. 5, Tabl ...
Baited technique improves censuses of cryptic fish in complex habitats
... rarely been used as it is an extremely labour intensive and time consuming process. Predation appears to play an important role in determining the structure of populations and communities of coral reef fish (Hixon 1991, Jones 1991, Caley et al. 1996). Several recent studies have shown a link between ...
... rarely been used as it is an extremely labour intensive and time consuming process. Predation appears to play an important role in determining the structure of populations and communities of coral reef fish (Hixon 1991, Jones 1991, Caley et al. 1996). Several recent studies have shown a link between ...
Guide to Good Practices for Sustainable Tourism in Marine
... Up until the eighties, oceans were seen by many as an unlimited resource that could feed the world’s growing population. It was also seen as a system where household and industrial waste could be dumped. While the last few years have witnessed a major change in this view, human action pressure on oc ...
... Up until the eighties, oceans were seen by many as an unlimited resource that could feed the world’s growing population. It was also seen as a system where household and industrial waste could be dumped. While the last few years have witnessed a major change in this view, human action pressure on oc ...
TEAM 2 QUEST 06 PAPER
... world and is widely recognized for its vast marine diversity. Coral reef ecosystems are characterized by extremely high autotrophic and heterotrophic production, supporting the existence of a dense and diverse community of fish and benthos (Surokin 1989). It is important to study reefs before and af ...
... world and is widely recognized for its vast marine diversity. Coral reef ecosystems are characterized by extremely high autotrophic and heterotrophic production, supporting the existence of a dense and diverse community of fish and benthos (Surokin 1989). It is important to study reefs before and af ...
Large Marine Carnivores: Trophic Cascades and Top
... “interaction strength” (Paine 1980, 1992), which depends on more than just its abundance. We define per capita interaction strength as the effect of an individual predator on the population of its prey (interaction strength hereafter), and population interaction strength as the effect of a populatio ...
... “interaction strength” (Paine 1980, 1992), which depends on more than just its abundance. We define per capita interaction strength as the effect of an individual predator on the population of its prey (interaction strength hereafter), and population interaction strength as the effect of a populatio ...
In situ observation of settlement behaviour in larvae of coral reef
... light waited for larvae crossing the crest. When a larva was spotted, it was followed for at least 2 min or until it settled onto the reef. If the larva was lost before 2 min of tracking, it was discarded. Because Moorea Lagoon is mostly shallow (depth <3 m), tracking was performed by swimming with ...
... light waited for larvae crossing the crest. When a larva was spotted, it was followed for at least 2 min or until it settled onto the reef. If the larva was lost before 2 min of tracking, it was discarded. Because Moorea Lagoon is mostly shallow (depth <3 m), tracking was performed by swimming with ...
Pomacanthus arcuatus (Grey Angelfish)
... DISTRIBUTION. P. arcuatus is found in the western Atlantic from New England, USA to the environs of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea (Fig. 4). It is native to Trinidad and Tobago; more are found in Tobago especially close to the Buccoo Reef. HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. The ...
... DISTRIBUTION. P. arcuatus is found in the western Atlantic from New England, USA to the environs of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea (Fig. 4). It is native to Trinidad and Tobago; more are found in Tobago especially close to the Buccoo Reef. HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. The ...
Full text in pdf format
... relative decrease in abundance was for 20 to 25-yr-old colonies. The declines in year-classes between 197 l and 1983 for Classes 15 to 55 are slightly conservative because they 'contain' 3 yr of recovery. The changes in age frequency between 1983 and 1985 can be viewed as measures of recovery (assum ...
... relative decrease in abundance was for 20 to 25-yr-old colonies. The declines in year-classes between 197 l and 1983 for Classes 15 to 55 are slightly conservative because they 'contain' 3 yr of recovery. The changes in age frequency between 1983 and 1985 can be viewed as measures of recovery (assum ...
Review
... • How reliably can fish orient towards reefs? Reef sound has been suggested to be the most probable stimulus for orientation [e–g]. Reef sounds are measurable at least 10 km from a reef [g], but physiological evidence suggests that larval hearing is not sufficiently acute to detect them [e], and fie ...
... • How reliably can fish orient towards reefs? Reef sound has been suggested to be the most probable stimulus for orientation [e–g]. Reef sounds are measurable at least 10 km from a reef [g], but physiological evidence suggests that larval hearing is not sufficiently acute to detect them [e], and fie ...
Environmental issues with coral reefs
Human impact on coral reefs is significant. Coral reefs are dying around the world. In particular, coral mining, pollution (organic and non-organic), overfishing, blast fishing and the digging of canals and access into islands and bays are serious threats to these ecosystems. Coral reefs also face high dangers from diseases, destructive fishing practices and warming oceans. In order to find answers for these problems, researchers study the various factors that impact reefs. The list of factors is long, including the ocean's role as a carbon dioxide sink, atmospheric changes, ultraviolet light, ocean acidification, biological virus, impacts of dust storms carrying agents to far-flung reefs, pollutants, algal blooms and others. Reefs are threatened well beyond coastal areas.In 2008 estimates assembled from coral reef specialists from around the world indicated that 19% of the existing area of coral reefs has already been lost, and that a further 17% is likely to be lost over the subsequent 10–20 years. Only 46% of the world’s reefs could be currently regarded as in good health. About 60% of the world's reefs may be at risk due to destructive, human-related activities. The threat to the health of reefs is particularly strong in Southeast Asia, where 80% of reefs are endangered. By the 2030s, 90% of reefs are expected to be at risk from both human activities and climate change; by 2050, all coral reefs will be in danger.