File - Ms. Poole`s Biology
... • 1. Ribosomes-are made from proteins and rRNA. It has two subunits, a small subunit and a large subunit. There are three sites where the tRNA attaches. •The A site is where the tRNA arrives with the amino acid. •The P site has a tRNA that attaches to the tRNA at the A site. ...
... • 1. Ribosomes-are made from proteins and rRNA. It has two subunits, a small subunit and a large subunit. There are three sites where the tRNA attaches. •The A site is where the tRNA arrives with the amino acid. •The P site has a tRNA that attaches to the tRNA at the A site. ...
RNA polymerase
... if bacterium has enough tryptophan then it STOP doesn’t need to make enzymes used to build tryptophan turn genes ON example if bacterium encounters new sugar (energy GO source), like lactose, then it needs to start making enzymes used to digest lactose ...
... if bacterium has enough tryptophan then it STOP doesn’t need to make enzymes used to build tryptophan turn genes ON example if bacterium encounters new sugar (energy GO source), like lactose, then it needs to start making enzymes used to digest lactose ...
RNA synthesis/Transcription I Biochemistry 302
... • Differences from DNA synthesis – One DNA strand is transcribed per gene w/o a primer. – Only certain genes are transcribed at any given time. – Kinetics favor “slow” transcription of multiple genes. (Vmax ∼50 nt/s for RNA Pol vs ∼103/s for DNA Pol III; ∼3000 RNA Pol/cell vs ∼10 DNA Pol III complex ...
... • Differences from DNA synthesis – One DNA strand is transcribed per gene w/o a primer. – Only certain genes are transcribed at any given time. – Kinetics favor “slow” transcription of multiple genes. (Vmax ∼50 nt/s for RNA Pol vs ∼103/s for DNA Pol III; ∼3000 RNA Pol/cell vs ∼10 DNA Pol III complex ...
DNA transcription 3.lecture ENG OK
... Two multisubunit proteins: • Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor (CPSF) and • Cleavage Stimulation Factor (CStF) are transferred from RNA Pol II to the mRNA molecule and bind to the sequence elements. This complex cleaves the mRNA between the PAS and the G/U- rich sequence at the cleavag ...
... Two multisubunit proteins: • Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor (CPSF) and • Cleavage Stimulation Factor (CStF) are transferred from RNA Pol II to the mRNA molecule and bind to the sequence elements. This complex cleaves the mRNA between the PAS and the G/U- rich sequence at the cleavag ...
DNA makes up chromosomes!
... RNA Editing • RNA Editing – The DNA of eukaryotic genes contains sequences of nucleotides, called introns, that are not involved in coding for proteins. – The DNA sequences that code for proteins are called exons. – When RNA molecules are formed, introns and exons are copied from DNA. ...
... RNA Editing • RNA Editing – The DNA of eukaryotic genes contains sequences of nucleotides, called introns, that are not involved in coding for proteins. – The DNA sequences that code for proteins are called exons. – When RNA molecules are formed, introns and exons are copied from DNA. ...
Transcription and Translation Made Easy
... 2. Explain why the DNA must transcribe to RNA to leave the nucleus and move to the ribosomes. 3. Begin the process of transcription by explaining that it is similar to DNA replication except it uses RNA polymerase and RNA nucleotides. Tell the students that you (the Teacher) will be acting as the RN ...
... 2. Explain why the DNA must transcribe to RNA to leave the nucleus and move to the ribosomes. 3. Begin the process of transcription by explaining that it is similar to DNA replication except it uses RNA polymerase and RNA nucleotides. Tell the students that you (the Teacher) will be acting as the RN ...
The History of RNAi
... • Works great in yeast, worms, flies – small organisms – fast generation time ...
... • Works great in yeast, worms, flies – small organisms – fast generation time ...
Self-Organizing Bio-structures
... • Backbone carries charge (-e) on each nucleotide • Formation of an RNA structure requires cations ...
... • Backbone carries charge (-e) on each nucleotide • Formation of an RNA structure requires cations ...
Protein synthesis
... Many polypeptide chains are covalently modified, either while they are still attached to the ribosome (cotranslational) or after their synthesis has been completed (posttranslational). These modifications may include removal of part of the translated sequence, or the covalent addition of one or ...
... Many polypeptide chains are covalently modified, either while they are still attached to the ribosome (cotranslational) or after their synthesis has been completed (posttranslational). These modifications may include removal of part of the translated sequence, or the covalent addition of one or ...
Bacterial Transcription Bacterial Transcription Bacterial
... "' - 155 kDa, binds to DNA template " - 151 kDa, RNA polymerisation; chain initiation and elongation # - 70 kDa, promoter recognition $ - 11kDa, enzyme stability - restores denatured enzyme ...
... "' - 155 kDa, binds to DNA template " - 151 kDa, RNA polymerisation; chain initiation and elongation # - 70 kDa, promoter recognition $ - 11kDa, enzyme stability - restores denatured enzyme ...
RNA Biology: Structures to the people! | eLife
... Figure 1. The three dimensional structure of an RNA molecule can be predicted by combining MOHCA, deep sequencing and algorithms that predict secondary and tertiary structures in the RNA. (A) In MOHCA, copies of the RNA of interest that contain modified nucleotides—on average one per molecule—are ma ...
... Figure 1. The three dimensional structure of an RNA molecule can be predicted by combining MOHCA, deep sequencing and algorithms that predict secondary and tertiary structures in the RNA. (A) In MOHCA, copies of the RNA of interest that contain modified nucleotides—on average one per molecule—are ma ...
Master Entrance Exam
... 12. Most transduction systems for hormones and sensory stimuli that involve trimeric G proteins have in common all of the following except: (A) cyclic nucleotides. (B) nuclear receptors. (C) receptors that interact with a G protein. (D) receptors with multiple transmembrane segments. (E) self-inacti ...
... 12. Most transduction systems for hormones and sensory stimuli that involve trimeric G proteins have in common all of the following except: (A) cyclic nucleotides. (B) nuclear receptors. (C) receptors that interact with a G protein. (D) receptors with multiple transmembrane segments. (E) self-inacti ...
Gene Regulation -
... Mutations in the Z and Y gene can lower the level of allolactose inside the cell and thus affect regulation. This potentially confusing affect is avoided by using IPTG, an artificial inducer that can enter the cell and bind repressor protein without functional Z or Y. Some mutations in Z and Y have ...
... Mutations in the Z and Y gene can lower the level of allolactose inside the cell and thus affect regulation. This potentially confusing affect is avoided by using IPTG, an artificial inducer that can enter the cell and bind repressor protein without functional Z or Y. Some mutations in Z and Y have ...
Figure S1: 3xFLAG-tag cloning primers. Listed are primers used to
... on the cell surface by high resolution confocal microscopy. Panels A and B) HeLa were transiently transfected with plasmids expressing either 3xFLAG-tagged PatrAL or its cytoplasmic tail swap mutant, 3xFLAGtagged Patr-ALcytA*02. 2 days post-transfection cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and ...
... on the cell surface by high resolution confocal microscopy. Panels A and B) HeLa were transiently transfected with plasmids expressing either 3xFLAG-tagged PatrAL or its cytoplasmic tail swap mutant, 3xFLAGtagged Patr-ALcytA*02. 2 days post-transfection cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and ...
3D structures of RNA
... But DNA can also be transcribed into non-coding RNA … tRNA (transfer): transfer of amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. rRNA (ribosomal): essential component of the ribosomes (complex with rProteins). ...
... But DNA can also be transcribed into non-coding RNA … tRNA (transfer): transfer of amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. rRNA (ribosomal): essential component of the ribosomes (complex with rProteins). ...
Chp 7 DNA Structure and Gene Function 1
... C. To speed up cell reactions D. To provide structural support to the cell E. All of these ...
... C. To speed up cell reactions D. To provide structural support to the cell E. All of these ...
Translation - Crestwood Local Schools
... • Opposite end has three nucleotide bases called the anticodon – Anticodon: three tRNA nucleotides that will hydrogen bond with the mRNA codon ...
... • Opposite end has three nucleotide bases called the anticodon – Anticodon: three tRNA nucleotides that will hydrogen bond with the mRNA codon ...
...the story of making proteins continued… After transcription occurs
... then joined together this is called a ________________________________. Both tRNA’s shift down a seat and the next tRNA comes into the ribosome with it’s matching anticodon and amino acid. This third amino acid gets bonded to the other two a chain is starting to form! This keeps continuing unti ...
... then joined together this is called a ________________________________. Both tRNA’s shift down a seat and the next tRNA comes into the ribosome with it’s matching anticodon and amino acid. This third amino acid gets bonded to the other two a chain is starting to form! This keeps continuing unti ...
Slide 1
... • Bacteria: promoters are recognized by the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase. These promoters have very similar sequences. • Eukarya: the major classes of RNA are transcribed by three different RNA polymerases, with RNA polymerase II producing most mRNA. • Archaea: have a single RNA that resembles i ...
... • Bacteria: promoters are recognized by the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase. These promoters have very similar sequences. • Eukarya: the major classes of RNA are transcribed by three different RNA polymerases, with RNA polymerase II producing most mRNA. • Archaea: have a single RNA that resembles i ...
2013
... Glu-Gly-Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Lys (c) Suppose the other (complementary) strand is used as a template for transcription. What is the amino acid sequence of the resulting peptide, again starting from the 5' end and using only the first reading frame? The codons translate to Leu-Stop-Stop. No peptide would b ...
... Glu-Gly-Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Lys (c) Suppose the other (complementary) strand is used as a template for transcription. What is the amino acid sequence of the resulting peptide, again starting from the 5' end and using only the first reading frame? The codons translate to Leu-Stop-Stop. No peptide would b ...
Chapter 4
... Three types of RNA molecules perform different but complementary roles in protein synthesis (translation) Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three base “words” termed codons Transfer RNA (tRNA) deciphers the code and delivers the specified amino ...
... Three types of RNA molecules perform different but complementary roles in protein synthesis (translation) Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three base “words” termed codons Transfer RNA (tRNA) deciphers the code and delivers the specified amino ...
Meiosis - DigitalWebb.com
... Eukaryotes have three different RNA polymerases: 1. RNA pol I: rRNA 2. RNA pol II: mRNA 3. RNA pol III cytoplasmic and small nuclear RNA Eukaryotes also have more than 4 subunits in the core enzyme. Transcription takes place in the nucleus. Because DNA in eukaryotes is bound around protein histones ...
... Eukaryotes have three different RNA polymerases: 1. RNA pol I: rRNA 2. RNA pol II: mRNA 3. RNA pol III cytoplasmic and small nuclear RNA Eukaryotes also have more than 4 subunits in the core enzyme. Transcription takes place in the nucleus. Because DNA in eukaryotes is bound around protein histones ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.