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... Fe(H2O)63+ ---> Fe(OH)3 + 3H+ + 3H2O Ksp = [Fe3+][OH-]3 ≈ 10-38 M [Fe3+] = 10-38/[OH-]3 ...
... Fe(H2O)63+ ---> Fe(OH)3 + 3H+ + 3H2O Ksp = [Fe3+][OH-]3 ≈ 10-38 M [Fe3+] = 10-38/[OH-]3 ...
Gene Expression Overview
... RNA gene or non-coding RNA gene: RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Noncoding RNA genes produce transcripts that exert their function without ever producing proteins. Non-coding RNA genes include transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small RNAs such as snoRNAs, microRNAs, si ...
... RNA gene or non-coding RNA gene: RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Noncoding RNA genes produce transcripts that exert their function without ever producing proteins. Non-coding RNA genes include transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small RNAs such as snoRNAs, microRNAs, si ...
REVIEW for EXAM4-May 12th
... because bacterial DNA is not confined in a nuclear membrane. Let’s dissect these mechanism one-by-one: I Transcription starts as the double helix but at the start of transcription it unwinds, and one of the strands acts as a template strand for transcription. RNA polymerase is the enzyme that pairs ...
... because bacterial DNA is not confined in a nuclear membrane. Let’s dissect these mechanism one-by-one: I Transcription starts as the double helix but at the start of transcription it unwinds, and one of the strands acts as a template strand for transcription. RNA polymerase is the enzyme that pairs ...
Pre – AP Biology
... molecule back into a DNA molecule. Insert the new DNA strand into bacteria. The bacteria will then be able to Transcribe and Translate off of this new inserted DNA and thus make that protein. This has been done for numerous human medicines such as Insulin or Human Growth Hormone. – Eukaryotes DO hav ...
... molecule back into a DNA molecule. Insert the new DNA strand into bacteria. The bacteria will then be able to Transcribe and Translate off of this new inserted DNA and thus make that protein. This has been done for numerous human medicines such as Insulin or Human Growth Hormone. – Eukaryotes DO hav ...
Chapter 10 Nucleic Acids and Protein synthesis
... to form a strip of RNA. NOTE – Base pairing rules are the same as in DNA replication, EXCEPT URACIL REPLACES THYMINE!! Transcription continues until the RNA polymerase reaches a DNA region called the “TERMINATION SIGNAL” = specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene or genes. NOTE ...
... to form a strip of RNA. NOTE – Base pairing rules are the same as in DNA replication, EXCEPT URACIL REPLACES THYMINE!! Transcription continues until the RNA polymerase reaches a DNA region called the “TERMINATION SIGNAL” = specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene or genes. NOTE ...
L14 Gene to Protein Fa08
... – RNA polymerase reaches terminator sequence • Signals the end of the gene • RNA polymerase detaches from DNA & RNA ...
... – RNA polymerase reaches terminator sequence • Signals the end of the gene • RNA polymerase detaches from DNA & RNA ...
CH 11 Study Guide: DNA, RNA, and Proteins
... in a strand of mRNA? What tRNA sequence would pair up to this mRNA? mRNA: UUG AUC CCA tRNA: AAC UAG GGT 7. What will happen to a protein after a silent mutation? A missense mutation? A nonsense mutation? Silent: no change Missense: changes 1+ amino acid Nonsense: stop codon 8. What does the enzyme D ...
... in a strand of mRNA? What tRNA sequence would pair up to this mRNA? mRNA: UUG AUC CCA tRNA: AAC UAG GGT 7. What will happen to a protein after a silent mutation? A missense mutation? A nonsense mutation? Silent: no change Missense: changes 1+ amino acid Nonsense: stop codon 8. What does the enzyme D ...
Protein Synthesis
... • Proteins are the “work-horses” of the cell…they do a lot of different jobs! A) Antibodies – immune system (defense) B) Structure – hair and nails C) Speeding Up Reactions – enzymes D) Transport – hemoglobin (in blood) E) Movement – muscle And the list goes on! ...
... • Proteins are the “work-horses” of the cell…they do a lot of different jobs! A) Antibodies – immune system (defense) B) Structure – hair and nails C) Speeding Up Reactions – enzymes D) Transport – hemoglobin (in blood) E) Movement – muscle And the list goes on! ...
QC of RNA - Prostate Cancer Biorepository Network
... Refer to standard protocol for ‘Removal of Contaminating Genomic DNA from RNA’ (37°C for 30 min). o Heat inactivate at 75°C for 10 min following addition of EDTA to a final concentration 5 mM. cDNA synthesized using SuperScript First Strand Synthesis System for RT-PCR (Invitrogen, Cat # 11904-018) f ...
... Refer to standard protocol for ‘Removal of Contaminating Genomic DNA from RNA’ (37°C for 30 min). o Heat inactivate at 75°C for 10 min following addition of EDTA to a final concentration 5 mM. cDNA synthesized using SuperScript First Strand Synthesis System for RT-PCR (Invitrogen, Cat # 11904-018) f ...
PowerPoint-RNA
... beginning of an mRNA molecule 2. A tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid matches up to a complementary triplet on mRNA on the ribosome 3. The ribosome attaches one amino acid to another as it moves along the mRNA molecule 4. The tRNA molecules are released after the amino acids they carry are attache ...
... beginning of an mRNA molecule 2. A tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid matches up to a complementary triplet on mRNA on the ribosome 3. The ribosome attaches one amino acid to another as it moves along the mRNA molecule 4. The tRNA molecules are released after the amino acids they carry are attache ...
Problem Set 4-key
... (2x1x2x2x6x6x4), and you get 1152 possible RNA sequences that would code for “AMHERST”... now, just when you are feeling pretty good about your odds of having found a correct RNA sequence to encode AMHERST, you should consider the following: how many different RNA sequences are possible for this ...
... (2x1x2x2x6x6x4), and you get 1152 possible RNA sequences that would code for “AMHERST”... now, just when you are feeling pretty good about your odds of having found a correct RNA sequence to encode AMHERST, you should consider the following: how many different RNA sequences are possible for this ...
chapter14
... Base triplets in an mRNA are words in a proteinbuilding message Two other classes of RNA (rRNA and tRNA) translate those words into a polypeptide chain ...
... Base triplets in an mRNA are words in a proteinbuilding message Two other classes of RNA (rRNA and tRNA) translate those words into a polypeptide chain ...
Eukaryotes - Daniel Guetta
... They're HUGE, because they contain "introns" that need to be removed before translation ...
... They're HUGE, because they contain "introns" that need to be removed before translation ...
Lecture 4 – Gene Expression Control and Regulation
... New mRNA cannot leave the nucleus before being modified, so controls over mRNA processing affect the timing of transcription. Controls over alternative splicing influence the final form of the protein. mRNA ...
... New mRNA cannot leave the nucleus before being modified, so controls over mRNA processing affect the timing of transcription. Controls over alternative splicing influence the final form of the protein. mRNA ...
RNA-catalysed nucleotide synthesis
... Thought to catalyze rxn by stabilizing oxocarbocation at the C1- carbon of reaction center Challenge: avoiding hydrolysis Can avoid by excluding water from active site, and promoting carbocation formation only after conformational change What about Ribozymes? ...
... Thought to catalyze rxn by stabilizing oxocarbocation at the C1- carbon of reaction center Challenge: avoiding hydrolysis Can avoid by excluding water from active site, and promoting carbocation formation only after conformational change What about Ribozymes? ...
Control of Gene Expression
... • Transcriptional Control (whether gene is transcribed or not) – Operon: series of genes that code for specific products, including regulators that control whether these genes are transcribed • Example: lac operon (bacteria) – genes for lactose metabolism only activated if lactose is present (when l ...
... • Transcriptional Control (whether gene is transcribed or not) – Operon: series of genes that code for specific products, including regulators that control whether these genes are transcribed • Example: lac operon (bacteria) – genes for lactose metabolism only activated if lactose is present (when l ...
Protein Synthesis II
... ! Matches codons with amino acids (called “adaptor” or “translator” molecule). ! Generally a cloverleaf with secondary and tertiary structure; has “anticodon” at one end (3 bases complementary to codon), corresponding amino acid hooked onto the other end. ...
... ! Matches codons with amino acids (called “adaptor” or “translator” molecule). ! Generally a cloverleaf with secondary and tertiary structure; has “anticodon” at one end (3 bases complementary to codon), corresponding amino acid hooked onto the other end. ...
Biology 102, Lectures 17 and 18 Study Guide
... What is a codon? Which type of molecule has codons? How are codons related to the genetic code? ...
... What is a codon? Which type of molecule has codons? How are codons related to the genetic code? ...
Judgement Statement – 2012
... causes it to move off the operator site. The operator region is open, RNA polymerase can now bind to the promotor and transcription happens. Lactose digesting enzymes can be made. As the lactose is removed / broken down the inducer disappears and the repressor is again activated, so it binds again t ...
... causes it to move off the operator site. The operator region is open, RNA polymerase can now bind to the promotor and transcription happens. Lactose digesting enzymes can be made. As the lactose is removed / broken down the inducer disappears and the repressor is again activated, so it binds again t ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.