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Mark Scheme
Mark Scheme

Meiosis II - Cloudfront.net
Meiosis II - Cloudfront.net

... chance all the traits Mendel studied were located on separate chromosomes...none were linked.) ...
Modeling Spatial Correlation of DNA Deformation
Modeling Spatial Correlation of DNA Deformation

... proposes to treat DNA as a semiflexible polymer chain that behaves like an elastic rod.17 In this continuous description of DNA, all of the local details of the DNA molecule are coarsegrained into a quadratic bending potential that can be characterized by one single parameter, the bending persistence ...
Background concepts for sequence analysis Ana, homo
Background concepts for sequence analysis Ana, homo

... Analogy: relationship of two characters that have developed convergently from unrelated ancestor. Cenancestor: the most recent common ancestor of the taxa under consideration Orthology: relationship of any two homologous characters whose common ancestor lies in the cenancestor of the taxa from which ...
CAMPYLOBACTER
CAMPYLOBACTER

... toxin, and the 68- and 54-kDa polypeptides might be responsible for the recognition of ganglioside ...
telomeres and telomerase - American Federation for Aging Research
telomeres and telomerase - American Federation for Aging Research

... healthy cells, thereby becoming immortal? In many non-human organisms, telomerase is always active when cells are dividing. This makes up for gradual telomere shortening from replication and cell division. This activity, regulated by certain proteins, keeps telomere length more or less constant. Hum ...


... description of the monomeric units (including mainchain and backbone), how they are linked together, and the standard convention for naming these polymers. ...
in trans
in trans

... Imagine doing a single t-test with p = 0.01 the significance threshold. * at this p-value: 1 in 100 change data could be randomly generated But if you do 10,000 t-tests and EACH has a p = 0.01 … expect 100 positive tests to have occurred by chance In genomics it is common to do a Multiple-Test Corre ...
S1-1-13 - The Big Gamble - Lesson
S1-1-13 - The Big Gamble - Lesson

... Depending on the size of the class, it would be possible to begin the activity with two families: one with the recessive gene, and one without the recessive gene. After two or three generations, pair an individual with one family with an individual from the other. Continue producing generations as ...
unit-2 genetics of prokaryotes and eukaryotic
unit-2 genetics of prokaryotes and eukaryotic

... Site-specific genetic recombination is very common method in phage for exchanging the genetic material. Unlike general recombination it is guided by a recombination enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences present on one or both of the recombining DNA molecules. Base-pairing between the ...
Chromosomal rearrangements in Salmonella spp. s2-2
Chromosomal rearrangements in Salmonella spp. s2-2

... mologous recombination, resulting in deletions29; site-specific recombination at the dif-site in the TER region, due to activity of two related recombinases XerC and XerD of the lambda integrase family30. 11 is likely that these types of recombination are responsible for inversion in wild type strai ...
Evidence, Mechanisms and Models for the Inheritance of Acquired
Evidence, Mechanisms and Models for the Inheritance of Acquired

... based on DNA replication. Whereas we understand quite a lot about the enzymatic machinery and processes underlying DNA replication, we know less about the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic inheritance. What we do know is that there are several different types of epigenetic inheritance syste ...
7.13 Experimental Microbial Genetics
7.13 Experimental Microbial Genetics

... agarose gel generates an electric field with a strength defined by the length of the gel and the potential difference at the ends (V/cm). DNA molecules exposed to this electric field migrate toward the anode (positive end) due to the negatively charged phosphates along the DNA backbone. The migratio ...
Associating a hypertonic solution with specific plant Procyanidins for
Associating a hypertonic solution with specific plant Procyanidins for

... liberates many more new virus particles which maintain the infection over a long period of time. Therefore, any treatment strategy for GHSV infection must be directed at reducing the amount of the free surface virus. However, all the currently available antiviral drugs are intracellular virus growth ...
Presentation
Presentation

... Interpreting a Pedigree • What can you tell from a pedigree? – Whether a family has an autosomal or sex-linked disease or disorder • Autosomal disorder: appears in both sexes equally • Sex-linked (X-linked)disorder: allele is located only on the X or Y chromosome. Most sex-linked genes are on the X ...
The Chlamydomonas genome project: a decade on
The Chlamydomonas genome project: a decade on

... sequence is probably a draft. Finishing requires laborious manual experiments to target gaps that need filling and to correct sequence errors and misassemblies. Serious problems exist: almost all genomes contain repeats (identical or nearly identical sequences that occur in many locations ...
Teacher`s guide - National Centre for Biotechnology Education
Teacher`s guide - National Centre for Biotechnology Education

... (polyvinyl acetate), which is also known as ‘wood glue’, ‘carpenter’s glue’ or ‘school glue’. The tissue may release small fibres, which can cause skin irritation if you handle it a lot. Wear protective gloves if you find the tissue unpleasant to handle. The fibres are too large to enter the lungs h ...
MyTaq™ HS DNA Polymerase
MyTaq™ HS DNA Polymerase

... genome sequencing projects, the recombinant DNA template is normally purified from the host cell and then amplified by conventional PCR using a thermostable DNA polymerase. Alternately, colony PCR can be performed by adding a single recombinant colony into a DNA polymerase PCR master mix, omitting t ...
Every Biological Molecules Question
Every Biological Molecules Question

... DNA is found in the nucleus. The molecule is twisted into a .................................. .................................. in which each of the strands are .......................................... . It has two ........................................................ backbones attached to on ...
How will Hemoglobin Affect the Winner of this Year`s Super Bowl
How will Hemoglobin Affect the Winner of this Year`s Super Bowl

... …In sickle cell trait, only ~1/2 the hemoglobin can carry oxygen efficiently. The rest of the hemoglobin is mutated and does not carry oxygen as efficiently. This causes some of the red blood cells to “sickle” in shape. These individuals usually do not have any symptoms of the disease, but can pass ...
Biotechnology Explorer - Bio-Rad
Biotechnology Explorer - Bio-Rad

... In this activity, students will learn about the process of moving genes from one organism to another with the aid of a plasmid. In addition to one large chromosome, bacteria naturally contain one or more small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. Plasmid DNA usually contains genes for one or more ...
What traits are carried on mobile
What traits are carried on mobile

... similar to virulent phages, but they may also integrate in the chromosome and replicate with the bacteria (as a quiescent prophage), and some can reside in the cell as plasmid prophages. In this dormant state, the microbial cell may even express useful traits carried by the phages, yet so long as th ...
Effective Gene Selection Method Using Bayesian Discriminant
Effective Gene Selection Method Using Bayesian Discriminant

... The computational complexity of the SFS is O(M2), where M is the number of genes. A microarray gene expression dataset generally contains information of thousands or ten thousands genes. Clearly, directly handling a huge gene set may cost an unbearable computational burden. Given by the fact that mo ...
Biology Performance Level Descriptors
Biology Performance Level Descriptors

... Improvement, and Warning/Failing. The descriptors in this document illustrate the kinds of knowledge and skills students demonstrate on MCAS at each level. Knowledge and skills are cumulative at each level. No descriptors are provided for the Warning/Failing performance level because student work at ...
Making Babies Integrated Science 2
Making Babies Integrated Science 2

... middle of the forehead. This is caused by a dominant gene. A smooth hairline is caused by a recessive gene. Which one are you? A dominant gene gives some people the ability to roll their tongues into a “U” shape. People with the recessive gene cannot roll their tongues. What is your phenotype and ge ...
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Vectors in gene therapy

Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).
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