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Biodiversity and changing land use systems
Biodiversity and changing land use systems

... From the talk of Professor Ilka Hanski we could learn that a large number of species live in fragmented habitats like the naturally fragmented tropical forests or the artificially (resulting from human activity) fragmented boreal forests of Finland. The rate of species extinction has changed during ...
Document
Document

... Mass extinctions are followed by adaptive radiations- increase in diversity The New Mass Extinction Crisis We are rapidly losing biodiversity We have little understanding of the earth’s 1.75 million identified and 100 million unidentified species Precautionary principle- should be used to prevent pr ...
Natural Ecosystem Change Loss of Biodiversity
Natural Ecosystem Change Loss of Biodiversity

... Climate shifts – organisms that cannot adjust to changes in climate are more likely to become extinct species movement – Wings, Waves & Wind carry seeds, eggs, organisms from one place to another. ecological succession - natural changes & species replacement in an ecosystem over time o A Primary (1 ...
ECOLOGY
ECOLOGY

... Striking gold in Costa Rica • Golden toads were discovered in 1964, in Monteverde, Chile • The mountainous cloud forest has a perfect climate for amphibians • Unfortunately, they became extinct within 25 years – Due to global warming’s drying effect on the forest ...
Conservation Biology
Conservation Biology

... A. Populations of flora and fauna have emigrated from the core of their population center to the edge of their habitat. B. Metapopulations of some of the larger fauna have become more dominant on the landscape and as a result have increased the edge of their habitat. C. Habitat fragmentations or hab ...
Biodiversity and Biogeography
Biodiversity and Biogeography

... Also, when a species is lost by extinction, it is more difficult to replace it through immigration than in a mainland situation. For this reason, islands tend to support fewer species than mainland areas of similar size (i.e., lower species diversity). ...
Species Richness: The number of species present in a community
Species Richness: The number of species present in a community

... species. New species are formed from ancestral species and other species are lost through extinctions. ...
chapter 5 - Avon Community School Corporation
chapter 5 - Avon Community School Corporation

... • To be classified as a biodiversity hot spot the region must have lost at least 70% of the original habitat and there must be at least 1500 species of plants that are endemic (species found only in specific geographic areas with critical levels of habitat loss) – Hot spots shown on pg. 132 • To imp ...
powerpoint file - University of Arizona | Ecology and Evolutionary
powerpoint file - University of Arizona | Ecology and Evolutionary

... affected first. By the mid 1980’s, 9 of 11 native forest birds were gone from Guam’s forests. Two of these birds, the Micronesian Kingfisher and the Guam Rail, were found only on Guam (endemic) and to this day only exist in zoos. Guam’s forests had become silent. In addition to this the snakes also ...
File
File

... (e.g. passenger pigeon - wiped out due to commercial hunting and habitat destruction). • Current projections are that one species will become extinct every 30 minutes in the early years of this century. ...
Habitat Fragmentation
Habitat Fragmentation

... • Process of breaking contiguous unit into smaller pieces; area & distance ...
Copperhead
Copperhead

... Global Ice Coverage Last Ice Age ...
THE ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION OF EXTINCTION Guest editors
THE ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION OF EXTINCTION Guest editors

... especially interested in birds and in understanding how global climate change was likely to affect their breeding, molt and migration. He asked such questions by combining evolutionary game theory, life history evolution and population dynamics. He was an exceptional evolutionary ecologist. Niclas d ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... Which word means harmful substances that have been added to the environment? ...
Precambrian - Cambrian Eukaryotes
Precambrian - Cambrian Eukaryotes

... – Extinctions must not be instantaneous – Expect to see pulses of extinction as disaster intensifies ...
Species Diversity in Continental and Marine Habitats Questions: 1
Species Diversity in Continental and Marine Habitats Questions: 1

... Glaciation and climatic change shifting poles long-term climatic shifts formation of mountains and other geological features All these factors play into the diversification of life on the planet (evolution happens) The history of many taxonomic groups is characterized by rapid radiation followed by ...
Disturbance - Iowa State University
Disturbance - Iowa State University

... • From a conservation perspective, heterogeneity is desirable because the greater it is, the more niches are available • Therefore important to understand the natural disturbance regime • Also important to understand effect of disturbance on different species ...
Macroevolution
Macroevolution

... • Phanerozoic, curent geologic timescale ...
HENVI SEMINAR: BIODIVERSITY AND CHANGING LAND USE
HENVI SEMINAR: BIODIVERSITY AND CHANGING LAND USE

... Professor Hanski and his research group have also studied the impacts of fragmentation on the genetic viability of the species. There’s a small island called Pieni Tytärsaari in the Baltic Sea south from the Finnish coast, where an isolated population of Glanville fritillary butterfly has been disco ...
Feb. 25th - Biodiversity I
Feb. 25th - Biodiversity I

... Amphibian populations are in decline in many areas of the world In US, amphibian malformations (extra limbs, malformed or missing limbs, and facial malformations) documented in 44 states and 60 species – In some local populations, up to 60% of amphibians exhibit malformations ...
Review Questions Topic 4
Review Questions Topic 4

... sometimes better due to more diversity in habitat Shape – circular usually better to minimize edge effects ( ectozones) . Actually based on what is available so most parks are irregular in shape. Edge effects- where 2 habitats meet and you get a mix of abiotic factors ( weather, precipitation wind e ...
Review Questions Topic 4
Review Questions Topic 4

... sometimes better due to more diversity in habitat Shape – circular usually better to minimize edge effects ( ectozones) . Actually based on what is available so most parks are irregular in shape. Edge effects- where 2 habitats meet and you get a mix of abiotic factors ( weather, precipitation wind e ...
Stochastic colonization and extinction of microbial
Stochastic colonization and extinction of microbial

... – Vibrio sp., E. Coli, Enterococcus,textbookofbacteriology.net Shigella, and others (Lyons et al 2007) ...
Name
Name

... Name ______________________________ ...
Evolution and Extinction
Evolution and Extinction

... Climate: Changes in the climate always results in changes in the biota – e.g., Pleistocene glaciation (1.8 m y a) resulted in significant extinction of grazing animals in North America and Eurasia, but not in Africa and portions of South America ...
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Extinction debt

In ecology, extinction debt is the future extinction of species due to events in the past. Extinction debt occurs because of time delays between impacts on a species, such as destruction of habitat, and the species' ultimate disappearance. For instance, long-lived trees may survive for many years even after reproduction of new trees has become impossible, and thus they may be committed to extinction. Technically, extinction debt generally refers to the number of species in an area likely to go extinct, rather than the prospects of any one species, but colloquially it refers to any occurrence of delayed extinction.In discussions of threats to biodiversity, extinction debt is analogous to the ""climate commitment"" in climate change, which states that inertia will cause the earth to continue to warm for centuries even if no more greenhouse gasses are emitted. Similarly, the current extinction may continue long after human impacts on species halt.Extinction debt may be local or global, but most examples are local as these are easier to observe and model. It is most likely to be found in long-lived species and species with very specific habitat requirements (specialists). Extinction debt has important implications for conservation, as it implies that species may go extinct due to past habitat destruction, even if continued impacts cease, and that current reserves may not be sufficient to maintain the species that occupy them. Interventions such as habitat restoration may reverse extinction debt.Immigration credit is the corollary to extinction debt. It refers to the number of species likely to immigrate to an area after an event such as the restoration of an ecosystem.
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