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Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering - Mrs. Moyer
Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering - Mrs. Moyer

... can synthesize a DNA strand and connect it to a circular DNA molecule known as a plasmid… which can be found naturally in bacteria. This bacteria can then be injected into a plant, and will insert its DNA into the plant. ► If transformation is successful, the recombinant DNA is integrated into one o ...
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... NBH (22,666 ng/g dry weight) is several orders of magnitude higher than in SC (1 ng/g dry weight) (Data from Nacci et al., 2010) ...
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... 11. How does translation begin and end? Begins with a start codon (AUG) and ends with a stop codon (UAG, UGA, UAA). 12. How is tRNA used in protein synthesis? tRNA has the complementary anticodon and carries the amino acid into the ribosome. 13. Do all point mutations result in a change in protein s ...
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... 1. The ingredients to make new DNA are added to PCR machine (DNA strands, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase, primers, and free nucleotides) DNA is heated in order to separate the strands. 2. Sample is cooled down and primers are added to segments in order for DNA polymerase to attach to strands. 3. DNA pol ...
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... Replication is the process where DNA makes a copy of itself. Why does DNA need to copy? Simple: Cells divide for an organism to grow or reproduce, every new cell needs a copy of the DNA or instructions to know how to be a cell. DNA replicates right before a cell divides. DNA replication is semi-cons ...
Agriculture`s Sustainable Future: Breeding Better Crops
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... flowering mutant of kale—is thought to be only 500 years old. Most innovation is far more recent still. Although Austrian monk Gregor Mendel’s pea plant experiments quietly laid the basic foundations of genetics in the mid-19th century, his work was rediscovered and applied to crop breeding only at ...
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... acids which determine the protein that is synthesized tRNA brings in anti-codons to attach to the complementary codon When anti-codons pair with codons, amino acids are attached together in a chain Assembly ends when a “stop” codon is reached and the protein is released to the cell for use ...
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... TALENs are important new tools for genome engineering. Fusions of transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors of plant pathogenic Xanthomonas spp. to the FokI nuclease, TALENs bind and cleave DNA in pairs. Binding specificity is determined by customizable arrays of polymorphic amino acid repeats in ...
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... always expressed is a constitutive enzyme. Many genes encode products that are required only at certain times; expression of these genes is regulated. For example, an inducible enzyme is only needed when its substrate is present. The gene is turned on (induced) only as needed. An enzyme that is resp ...
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... In chromosome jumping, the DNA of interest is identified, cut into fragments with restriction enzymes, and circularised (the beginning and end of each fragment is joined together to form a circular loop). From a known sequence a primer is designed to sequence across the circularised junction. This p ...
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A T C G - National Angus Conference

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Laboratory #1 Lecture Guide: Forensic DNA Fingerprinting

... 2. Why must we always load the DNA on the negative end of the chamber? 3. What is the relationship between the gel’s density and the movement of the DNA ...
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Lecture 11 Analysis of Gene Sequences Anatomy of a bacterial

... recognized because of mutations in the gene that give an observable phenotypic change. Historically, many genes have been discovered because of their effects on phenotype. Now, in the era of genomic sequencing, many genes of no known function can be detected by looking for patterns in DNA sequences. ...
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Helitron (biology)

A helitron is a transposon found in eukaryotes that is thought to replicate by a so-called ""rolling-circle"" mechanism. This category of transposons was discovered by Vladimir Kapitonov and Jerzy Jurka in 2001. The rolling-circle process begins with a break being made at the terminus of a single strand of the helitron DNA. Transposase then sits at this break and at another break where the helitron targets as a migration site. The strand is then displaced from its original location at the site of the break and attached to the target break, forming a circlular heteroduplex. This heteroduplex is then resolved into a flat piece of DNA via replication. During the rolling-circle process, DNA can be replicated beyond the initial helitron sequence, resulting in the flanking regions of DNA being ""captured"" by the helitron as it moves to a new location.
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