Anatomy Lecture 8 – The Pharynx and Esophagus
... Afferent: CN IX Efferent CN X o GAG Reflex: Afferent: CN IX Efferent: CN X Enteric Nervous System: o Peristalsis Barrett’s Esophagus: o Persistent GERD (Acid Reflux) can lead to changes the esophageal lining Lower Esophageal Sphincter opens too frequently o The Z-Line was shifted up. o ...
... Afferent: CN IX Efferent CN X o GAG Reflex: Afferent: CN IX Efferent: CN X Enteric Nervous System: o Peristalsis Barrett’s Esophagus: o Persistent GERD (Acid Reflux) can lead to changes the esophageal lining Lower Esophageal Sphincter opens too frequently o The Z-Line was shifted up. o ...
Chapter 23
... sphincter relaxes reflexely and then reclosed after swallowing. Gastroesophageal sphincter opens Esophagus controls involuntary peristaltic movement Epiglottis reopens Bolus moves from esophagus to stomach ...
... sphincter relaxes reflexely and then reclosed after swallowing. Gastroesophageal sphincter opens Esophagus controls involuntary peristaltic movement Epiglottis reopens Bolus moves from esophagus to stomach ...
Fluoroscopy
... To evaluate tubal patency and uterine abnormalities Ex: congenital uterine anomaly, fibroid or tumor mass. ...
... To evaluate tubal patency and uterine abnormalities Ex: congenital uterine anomaly, fibroid or tumor mass. ...
File
... Posteriorly: Bodies of thoracic vertebrae; thoracic duct; azygos veins; right posterior intercostal arteries; and, at its lower end, descending thoracic aorta. Right side: Mediastinal pleura and terminal part of azygos vein Left side: Left subclavian artery, aortic arch, thoracic duct, and mediastin ...
... Posteriorly: Bodies of thoracic vertebrae; thoracic duct; azygos veins; right posterior intercostal arteries; and, at its lower end, descending thoracic aorta. Right side: Mediastinal pleura and terminal part of azygos vein Left side: Left subclavian artery, aortic arch, thoracic duct, and mediastin ...
Pediatric Laproscopic Nissen Fundoplication
... portion of the esophagus passes through a small tunnel of stomach muscle This strengthens the lower esophageal sphincter which prevents acid from retreating into the esophagus (when the stomach contracts, it closes off the sphincter) ...
... portion of the esophagus passes through a small tunnel of stomach muscle This strengthens the lower esophageal sphincter which prevents acid from retreating into the esophagus (when the stomach contracts, it closes off the sphincter) ...
Slide ()
... Histology of normal esophagus: (A) Longitudinal section of esophagus shows mucosa consisting of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (SS), lamina propria (LP), and smooth muscles of the muscularis mucosae (MM). Beneath the mucosa is the submucosa containing esophageal mucous glands (GL) tha ...
... Histology of normal esophagus: (A) Longitudinal section of esophagus shows mucosa consisting of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (SS), lamina propria (LP), and smooth muscles of the muscularis mucosae (MM). Beneath the mucosa is the submucosa containing esophageal mucous glands (GL) tha ...
Esophagus
The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English), commonly known as the foodpipe or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a fibromuscular tube through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach. In humans, the esophagus is usually 18–25 centimeters (cm) long. During swallowing the epiglottis tilts backwards to prevent food from going down the larynx. The esophagus travels behind the trachea and heart, passes through the diaphragm and empties into the cardia of the stomach. The word esophagus derives from the Greek word oisophagos, which means ""to carry to eat.""The wall of the esophagus from the lumen outwards consists of mucosa, sub-mucosa (connective tissue), layers of muscle fibers between layers of fibrous tissue, and an outer layer of connective tissue. The mucosa is a stratified squamous epithelium (multiple layers of cells topped by a layer of flat cells) which contrasts to the single layer of columnar cells of the stomach. The transition between these two type of epithelium is visible as a zig-zag line. Most of the muscle is smooth muscle although striated muscle predominates in its upper third. It has two muscular rings or sphincters in its wall, one at the top and one at the bottom. The lower sphincter helps to prevent reflux of acidic stomach content. The esophagus has a rich blood supply and vascular drainage. Its smooth muscle is innervated by involuntary nerves (sympathetic nerves via the sympathetic trunk and parasympathetic nerves via the vagus nerve) and in addition voluntary nerves (lower motor neurons) are carried in the vagus nerve to innervate its striated muscle.The esophagus may be affected by gastric reflux, cancer, prominent dilated blood vessels called varices that can bleed heavily, tears, constrictions, and disorders of motility. Clinical investigations include X-rays using barium, endoscopy, and CT scans.