The morphome vs. similarity-based syncretism
... and others; finally, within Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz ), with elsewhere morphs, by Embick () and Embick and Halle (). The Latin stem identity of pairs like caesus-caesor figures prominently in Aronoff ’s () argument that morphology is an autonomous component of grammar. ...
... and others; finally, within Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz ), with elsewhere morphs, by Embick () and Embick and Halle (). The Latin stem identity of pairs like caesus-caesor figures prominently in Aronoff ’s () argument that morphology is an autonomous component of grammar. ...
1 Auxiliary Verb Constructions in Old Turkic and Altai
... According to Heine (1993: 48ff.), during the period of shift from full lexical verb to grammaticalized functor element, there is a certain amount of ambiguity associated with the use of the not-yet semantically bleached auxiliary element. Thus, a form may have lexical- (including serial-) type funct ...
... According to Heine (1993: 48ff.), during the period of shift from full lexical verb to grammaticalized functor element, there is a certain amount of ambiguity associated with the use of the not-yet semantically bleached auxiliary element. Thus, a form may have lexical- (including serial-) type funct ...
Verbs are a necessary component of all sentences
... sentences are main simple statements or declarative sentences containing a noun and a verb phrases. In addition, kernel sentences can be transformed to derive other sentence structures (Glauner 2000). Ilyish (1971, 6) points out that language is phonological, lexical and grammatical system that is b ...
... sentences are main simple statements or declarative sentences containing a noun and a verb phrases. In addition, kernel sentences can be transformed to derive other sentence structures (Glauner 2000). Ilyish (1971, 6) points out that language is phonological, lexical and grammatical system that is b ...
Long Head Movement is Short Head Movement
... involves verb clustering. However, the SC cases have a number of unexpected properties if this verb clustering consists of participle-to-auxiliary movement here as well. Bošković discusses these properties in detail, but we will argue in the rest of this section that his solutions to the problems th ...
... involves verb clustering. However, the SC cases have a number of unexpected properties if this verb clustering consists of participle-to-auxiliary movement here as well. Bošković discusses these properties in detail, but we will argue in the rest of this section that his solutions to the problems th ...
resultative predicative adjunct constructions in the gothic bible
... encountered are those expressing a permanent or temporary possession (as in Germanic have, haben, hafa, in Romance habeo, and in Slavic ima or mieć), the predicative adjunct construction functioning as a resultative proper may employ other bivalent verbs.6 In fact, non-possessive introductory verbs ...
... encountered are those expressing a permanent or temporary possession (as in Germanic have, haben, hafa, in Romance habeo, and in Slavic ima or mieć), the predicative adjunct construction functioning as a resultative proper may employ other bivalent verbs.6 In fact, non-possessive introductory verbs ...
IV. Two-Verb Sequences and Germanic SOV
... only non-finite verbs when we try to pin down the base position of the verb and its complements in Yiddish clauses. (As you will already have noticed, this is actually just like main clauses in all V2 languages, cf. hand-out 1. Here we also have to examine the order of the object and a non-finite ve ...
... only non-finite verbs when we try to pin down the base position of the verb and its complements in Yiddish clauses. (As you will already have noticed, this is actually just like main clauses in all V2 languages, cf. hand-out 1. Here we also have to examine the order of the object and a non-finite ve ...
Participle Phrases
... Participle phrases are understood to work as adjectives even when they seem to have very adverbial meanings such as the examples of present participles above. You may remember from the chapter on adjectives that participles can be used just like any adjective that comes after an article and before t ...
... Participle phrases are understood to work as adjectives even when they seem to have very adverbial meanings such as the examples of present participles above. You may remember from the chapter on adjectives that participles can be used just like any adjective that comes after an article and before t ...
Cognition, Grammaticalization and Syntactic Change. The
... which expresses temporal-aspectual meaning. With the Compound Preterite (no examples of which appear in our corpus), the meaning is progressive-iterative and not perfective, as for example in Spanish. The innovation in modern Portuguese (15th – 16th centuries), as we shall see, is morphological in n ...
... which expresses temporal-aspectual meaning. With the Compound Preterite (no examples of which appear in our corpus), the meaning is progressive-iterative and not perfective, as for example in Spanish. The innovation in modern Portuguese (15th – 16th centuries), as we shall see, is morphological in n ...
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 10, Number 2, July 1979 A
... 2Throughout this paper I will be following the aspectual terminology used by Comrie [1975,1976J. 3Terminological difficulties can arise from the fact that a number of terms can be used ambiguously for semantic functions and surface morphological forms· In general there is a great deal of overlap, si ...
... 2Throughout this paper I will be following the aspectual terminology used by Comrie [1975,1976J. 3Terminological difficulties can arise from the fact that a number of terms can be used ambiguously for semantic functions and surface morphological forms· In general there is a great deal of overlap, si ...
A Realization Optimality-Theoretic approach to affix order
... For example, in the form sew-re-k-aj ‘from under the bear’ sew-re and -k first form a unit, which further combines with -aj. The reverse order of the locative and localization markers would violate the scope constraint (Sect. 3), which is reflected in the fact that #‘under from the bear’ is an odd m ...
... For example, in the form sew-re-k-aj ‘from under the bear’ sew-re and -k first form a unit, which further combines with -aj. The reverse order of the locative and localization markers would violate the scope constraint (Sect. 3), which is reflected in the fact that #‘under from the bear’ is an odd m ...
GREENBERG`S ASYMMETRY IN ARABIC: A CONSEQUENCE OF
... More broadly, what shall we take as the proper characterization—the proper grammar model—of this and other apparently highly specific attributes ascribed to the phonology and morphology of Arabic stems? 1. THE MAIN PROPOSAL. A primary observation at the core of the approach developed in this article ...
... More broadly, what shall we take as the proper characterization—the proper grammar model—of this and other apparently highly specific attributes ascribed to the phonology and morphology of Arabic stems? 1. THE MAIN PROPOSAL. A primary observation at the core of the approach developed in this article ...
articles basque resultatives and related issues
... But, in order to express resultatives from transitive verbs, many languages can use auxiliary have like in I have my task written, that is the state I am in after I have written the task, or j’ai mon devoir d’écrit, same sense in colloquial French. Even languages which do not possess a verb have, bu ...
... But, in order to express resultatives from transitive verbs, many languages can use auxiliary have like in I have my task written, that is the state I am in after I have written the task, or j’ai mon devoir d’écrit, same sense in colloquial French. Even languages which do not possess a verb have, bu ...
ARTICLES BASQUE RESULTATIVES AND RELATED ISSUES
... But, in order to express resultatives from transitive verbs, many languages can use auxiliary have like in I have my task written, that is the state I am in after I have written the task, or j’ai mon devoir d’écrit, same sense in colloquial French. Even languages which do not possess a verb have, bu ...
... But, in order to express resultatives from transitive verbs, many languages can use auxiliary have like in I have my task written, that is the state I am in after I have written the task, or j’ai mon devoir d’écrit, same sense in colloquial French. Even languages which do not possess a verb have, bu ...
Deriving Greenberg`s Asymmetry in Arabic
... hand, in languages like Latin or English words are formed by joining or concatenating sequences of recombinable phonological strings. So the word ‘speaking’ [spiki_], for instance, is formed by joining the sound sequence of the verb ‘to speak’ [spik], the stem, with the sound sequence of ‘-ing’ [i_] ...
... hand, in languages like Latin or English words are formed by joining or concatenating sequences of recombinable phonological strings. So the word ‘speaking’ [spiki_], for instance, is formed by joining the sound sequence of the verb ‘to speak’ [spik], the stem, with the sound sequence of ‘-ing’ [i_] ...
Pages: 24-41 (Download PDF)
... 2003). The verbs are not entirely devoid of semantic predicative power either as there is a clear difference between take a bath and give a bath. The verbs thus seem to be neither at their full semantic power nor at a completely depleted stage. Rather, they appear to be semantically light in the sen ...
... 2003). The verbs are not entirely devoid of semantic predicative power either as there is a clear difference between take a bath and give a bath. The verbs thus seem to be neither at their full semantic power nor at a completely depleted stage. Rather, they appear to be semantically light in the sen ...
MORE THOUGHTS ON THE COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTION OF THE
... components are being gradually disengaged from the function of conveying the primary categories; i . e., in other words, in a scale in which the notional compo nents gradually cease serving as co-conveyers of these categories, the function of conveying them being shifted on to the auxiliaries, or — ...
... components are being gradually disengaged from the function of conveying the primary categories; i . e., in other words, in a scale in which the notional compo nents gradually cease serving as co-conveyers of these categories, the function of conveying them being shifted on to the auxiliaries, or — ...
Dutch and German verb clusters in Performance
... only agreement features but also positional features. While their values are determined as part of the unification process. A simplified example is provided in Figure 8 by the placement of the past participle gerepareerd of example (1). The “CMPtype” feature on the CoMPlement S-node in the lexical f ...
... only agreement features but also positional features. While their values are determined as part of the unification process. A simplified example is provided in Figure 8 by the placement of the past participle gerepareerd of example (1). The “CMPtype” feature on the CoMPlement S-node in the lexical f ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
... - bare stems that are not finite but can be made finite by fusing them with some FIN; a (simple or complex) form which can be made finite will be called ‘FIN-linkable’; - forms which are explicitly marked as non-finite, i.e., participle and infinitive; these cannot be fused with some FIN; but normal ...
... - bare stems that are not finite but can be made finite by fusing them with some FIN; a (simple or complex) form which can be made finite will be called ‘FIN-linkable’; - forms which are explicitly marked as non-finite, i.e., participle and infinitive; these cannot be fused with some FIN; but normal ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
... - bare stems that are not finite but can be made finite by fusing them with some FIN; a (simple or complex) form which can be made finite will be called ‘FIN-linkable’; - forms which are explicitly marked as non-finite, i.e., participle and infinitive; these cannot be fused with some FIN; but normal ...
... - bare stems that are not finite but can be made finite by fusing them with some FIN; a (simple or complex) form which can be made finite will be called ‘FIN-linkable’; - forms which are explicitly marked as non-finite, i.e., participle and infinitive; these cannot be fused with some FIN; but normal ...
Chapter 2
... 2Radford (1997) assumes that words carry three sets of grammatical features: head-features (which describe their intrinsic grammatical properties), complement-features (which describe the kind of complements that they take) and specifier-features (which describe the kind of specifier/subject they ca ...
... 2Radford (1997) assumes that words carry three sets of grammatical features: head-features (which describe their intrinsic grammatical properties), complement-features (which describe the kind of complements that they take) and specifier-features (which describe the kind of specifier/subject they ca ...
Behavioral and neuroimaging studies on language processing in
... a syntactic anomaly. Similar findings were obtained in a study using H215O Positron Emission Tomography (PET) by Moro et al. (2001) who reported a selective activation of the left caudate nucleus during a syntactic anomaly condition. Using fMRI, Grossman et al. (2003) sh ...
... a syntactic anomaly. Similar findings were obtained in a study using H215O Positron Emission Tomography (PET) by Moro et al. (2001) who reported a selective activation of the left caudate nucleus during a syntactic anomaly condition. Using fMRI, Grossman et al. (2003) sh ...
Da: the Navajo Distributive Plural Preverb
... element which imposes a plural interpretation on elements of the “event structure” defined by a verb. Typically, it seeks to “pluralize” an argument of the verb, typically a direct argument (subject or object). Where the verb is itself plural, or where it is number-neutral, da will preferably plural ...
... element which imposes a plural interpretation on elements of the “event structure” defined by a verb. Typically, it seeks to “pluralize” an argument of the verb, typically a direct argument (subject or object). Where the verb is itself plural, or where it is number-neutral, da will preferably plural ...
3. Moroccan Arabic - Hal-SHS
... The verb mess ‘touch’ (cognate of Arabic massa ‘touch’), a full verb regularly inflected for perfective and imperfective, can also be used as a modal auxiliary. When it functions as an auxiliary, the morphology is different from what it is as a full verb: to the 3rd person of either the perfective o ...
... The verb mess ‘touch’ (cognate of Arabic massa ‘touch’), a full verb regularly inflected for perfective and imperfective, can also be used as a modal auxiliary. When it functions as an auxiliary, the morphology is different from what it is as a full verb: to the 3rd person of either the perfective o ...
The grammaticalisation of modal auxiliaries in Maltese - Hal-SHS
... Malta, a Western Arabic vernacular in origin, and Moroccan Arabic; (ii) Eastern Arabic: Egyptian and Levantine (i.e. Jordanian, Syrian, Palestinian) Arabic.1 For the first two languages we relied on our own fieldwork data (Vanhove 1993, Caubet 1993), and we made use of Mitchell and al-Hasan (1994), ...
... Malta, a Western Arabic vernacular in origin, and Moroccan Arabic; (ii) Eastern Arabic: Egyptian and Levantine (i.e. Jordanian, Syrian, Palestinian) Arabic.1 For the first two languages we relied on our own fieldwork data (Vanhove 1993, Caubet 1993), and we made use of Mitchell and al-Hasan (1994), ...
3. Moroccan Arabic - Hal-SHS
... Malta, a Western Arabic vernacular in origin, and Moroccan Arabic; (ii) Eastern Arabic: Egyptian and Levantine (i.e. Jordanian, Syrian, Palestinian) Arabic.1 For the first two languages we relied on our own fieldwork data (Vanhove 1993, Caubet 1993), and we made use of Mitchell and al-Hasan (1994), ...
... Malta, a Western Arabic vernacular in origin, and Moroccan Arabic; (ii) Eastern Arabic: Egyptian and Levantine (i.e. Jordanian, Syrian, Palestinian) Arabic.1 For the first two languages we relied on our own fieldwork data (Vanhove 1993, Caubet 1993), and we made use of Mitchell and al-Hasan (1994), ...