A Contrast Sensitive Silicon Retina with Reciprocal Synapses
... one to trade-off resolution for enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, thereby revealing low-contrast stimuli in the presence of large transistor mismatch. In the vertebrate retina, gap junctions between photoreceptors perform this function [5]. At these specialized synapses, pores in the cell membranes ar ...
... one to trade-off resolution for enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, thereby revealing low-contrast stimuli in the presence of large transistor mismatch. In the vertebrate retina, gap junctions between photoreceptors perform this function [5]. At these specialized synapses, pores in the cell membranes ar ...
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS uNiT 1: FuNDAMENTAL
... forced through the circuit is reduced. Conversely, if resistance is reduced, a greater number of electrons is allowed through the circuit. ...
... forced through the circuit is reduced. Conversely, if resistance is reduced, a greater number of electrons is allowed through the circuit. ...
Stacked-Chip Implementation of On
... inductance because the minimum spacing of metal lands on glass epoxy is larger than that of on-chip interconnects. The permittivity of the glass epoxy is generally more than four times higher than SiO , however, the parasitic capacitance between both sides of the interposer can be negligible. This i ...
... inductance because the minimum spacing of metal lands on glass epoxy is larger than that of on-chip interconnects. The permittivity of the glass epoxy is generally more than four times higher than SiO , however, the parasitic capacitance between both sides of the interposer can be negligible. This i ...
Gallium Nitride devices poised to become core technology in power
... thermal resistance and increasing reliability. The third technological innovation at the heart of GaN Systems products is Drive Assist™, on-chip drivers that simplify circuit design, remove Miller driving issues and improve switching speed. ...
... thermal resistance and increasing reliability. The third technological innovation at the heart of GaN Systems products is Drive Assist™, on-chip drivers that simplify circuit design, remove Miller driving issues and improve switching speed. ...
Advanced Circuits
... Introduction: Have you ever touched an incandescent light bulb that has been on for a while? Ouch! What you feel is frictional heat produced by the current moving through the light’s resistor. The high heat produced in electric circuits leads to the danger of electrical fires. A fuse is a safety dev ...
... Introduction: Have you ever touched an incandescent light bulb that has been on for a while? Ouch! What you feel is frictional heat produced by the current moving through the light’s resistor. The high heat produced in electric circuits leads to the danger of electrical fires. A fuse is a safety dev ...
Current Sensing Relay Driver
... Almost all electronic circuits, unless they are Hall effect, actually sense voltage - not current. So to convert the current you want to sense to a suitable voltage you use a current-to-voltage converter. No, that's not an expensive chip! They're usually known as resistors! In this one the sensing r ...
... Almost all electronic circuits, unless they are Hall effect, actually sense voltage - not current. So to convert the current you want to sense to a suitable voltage you use a current-to-voltage converter. No, that's not an expensive chip! They're usually known as resistors! In this one the sensing r ...
Testing the Efficiency of a Joule Thief LED Light Circuit J0915
... bulb with 0.03 mA whereas the simple circuit could not light the LED. When converted to joules using the equation mA # V= Power, Joules, or mW, the power usage of the Joule Thief circuit was less than the power used by the simple circuit. The Joule Thief circuit used 28.19% less power than the simpl ...
... bulb with 0.03 mA whereas the simple circuit could not light the LED. When converted to joules using the equation mA # V= Power, Joules, or mW, the power usage of the Joule Thief circuit was less than the power used by the simple circuit. The Joule Thief circuit used 28.19% less power than the simpl ...
IDl Isl liola
... the output of a photoreceiver (wafer RG31-1 05), is shown in Figure 5. The -3 dB bandwidth o f the pholoreceiver for sinuso idal modu lated incident light lies at 8.2 GHz. The frequency response of the ORTEL laser diode itself was determined using a calibrated GEe photodiode. The circuit response to ...
... the output of a photoreceiver (wafer RG31-1 05), is shown in Figure 5. The -3 dB bandwidth o f the pholoreceiver for sinuso idal modu lated incident light lies at 8.2 GHz. The frequency response of the ORTEL laser diode itself was determined using a calibrated GEe photodiode. The circuit response to ...
Integrated circuit
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate (""chip"") of semiconductor material, normally silicon. This can be made much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent electronic components. ICs can be made very compact, having up to several billion transistors and other electronic components in an area the size of a fingernail. The width of each conducting line in a circuit can be made smaller and smaller as the technology advances; in 2008 it dropped below 100 nanometers, and has now been reduced to tens of nanometers.ICs were made possible by experimental discoveries showing that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components. The integrated circuit's mass production capability, reliability and building-block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardized integrated circuits in place of designs using discrete transistors.ICs have two main advantages over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time. Furthermore, packaged ICs use much less material than discrete circuits. Performance is high because the IC's components switch quickly and consume little power (compared to their discrete counterparts) as a result of the small size and close proximity of the components. As of 2012, typical chip areas range from a few square millimeters to around 450 mm2, with up to 9 million transistors per mm2.Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the world of electronics. Computers, mobile phones, and other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of integrated circuits.