Lecture 4
... E B Amplifying effect! => small change in base current IB has a large amplifying effect on currents IC and IE Transistors are active components with the ability to amplify electrical signal. Small current at the base B is amplified to produce large current at collector C and emitter E. Transistors a ...
... E B Amplifying effect! => small change in base current IB has a large amplifying effect on currents IC and IE Transistors are active components with the ability to amplify electrical signal. Small current at the base B is amplified to produce large current at collector C and emitter E. Transistors a ...
DOC
... The OP AMP, like any semiconductor device, can be destroyed by over-current, overvoltage or static discharge. Over-current conditions are usually due to a wiring error. Over-voltage occurs when the power supply voltage exceeds the voltage rating for the device. These conditions can be avoided by ens ...
... The OP AMP, like any semiconductor device, can be destroyed by over-current, overvoltage or static discharge. Over-current conditions are usually due to a wiring error. Over-voltage occurs when the power supply voltage exceeds the voltage rating for the device. These conditions can be avoided by ens ...
Controlling resistance
... Electrical resistance reduces the electric current in the circuit. The material that the resistor is made of, its thickness and length affect the amount of resistance in the circuit. Controlling the resistance, which controls the current, can be very useful. Examples of resistance controllers are li ...
... Electrical resistance reduces the electric current in the circuit. The material that the resistor is made of, its thickness and length affect the amount of resistance in the circuit. Controlling the resistance, which controls the current, can be very useful. Examples of resistance controllers are li ...
AN 05-02_Capitalizing on the Advantages of the ISOPLUS Porducts
... ISOPLUS advantages and focus on mounting techniques and materials that optimize the ISOPLUS performance and capitalize on their inherent advantages. The focus will be on the ISOPLUS220 and ISOPLUS247 examples, but quantitative tools will be provided for the designer to apply the approach to all ISOP ...
... ISOPLUS advantages and focus on mounting techniques and materials that optimize the ISOPLUS performance and capitalize on their inherent advantages. The focus will be on the ISOPLUS220 and ISOPLUS247 examples, but quantitative tools will be provided for the designer to apply the approach to all ISOP ...
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)
... and NOR gate by using transistor stacking technique. The logic gates are designed using 130nm technology parameter and are simulated using PSPICE. The input vector combinations are compared with the simulated result on the basis of propagation delay and power consumption. It is found that when the n ...
... and NOR gate by using transistor stacking technique. The logic gates are designed using 130nm technology parameter and are simulated using PSPICE. The input vector combinations are compared with the simulated result on the basis of propagation delay and power consumption. It is found that when the n ...
Integrated circuit
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate (""chip"") of semiconductor material, normally silicon. This can be made much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent electronic components. ICs can be made very compact, having up to several billion transistors and other electronic components in an area the size of a fingernail. The width of each conducting line in a circuit can be made smaller and smaller as the technology advances; in 2008 it dropped below 100 nanometers, and has now been reduced to tens of nanometers.ICs were made possible by experimental discoveries showing that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components. The integrated circuit's mass production capability, reliability and building-block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardized integrated circuits in place of designs using discrete transistors.ICs have two main advantages over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time. Furthermore, packaged ICs use much less material than discrete circuits. Performance is high because the IC's components switch quickly and consume little power (compared to their discrete counterparts) as a result of the small size and close proximity of the components. As of 2012, typical chip areas range from a few square millimeters to around 450 mm2, with up to 9 million transistors per mm2.Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the world of electronics. Computers, mobile phones, and other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of integrated circuits.