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AT3 (Acyltransferase) Gene Isolated from Capsicum frutescens cv
AT3 (Acyltransferase) Gene Isolated from Capsicum frutescens cv

... Chili pepper is widely used and cultivated by Indonesian people. There are three species of chili pepper, i.e. Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum violaceum. C. frutescens has a higher economic value due to its pungency and carotenoid content. C. frutescens has several cultivars, one ...
ISEcp1 pneumoniae  Research Article
ISEcp1 pneumoniae Research Article

... ESBL but not the subtype. The screening for ESBL alone is also not sufficient enough to prove that the organism produces ESBL; this is very well shown by some of the isolates in this study with phenotypic negative result yet positive for PCR. In PCR based identification 49.5% positive strains for bl ...
rules - Wiley
rules - Wiley

... Monohybrid crosses: X-linked genes So far, we have looked at monohybrid crosses involving autosomal genes. What happens in a monohybrid cross when the gene involved is located on the X chromosome? Refer to the box on page 600 to read about the crosses involving an X-linked gene that were carried out ...
Fig. 4 - Cambridge University Press
Fig. 4 - Cambridge University Press

... inflammation and the oxidant stress defence pathways in a dose-dependent manner. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which trans-10, cis-12-CLA affects pathways related to liver function. Conjugated linoleic acid: Liver gene expression: Hamsters: Lipid metabolism: Partial lea ...
The Evolutionary History of Human and Chimpanzee Y
The Evolutionary History of Human and Chimpanzee Y

... The initial comparisons of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Y-chromosome sequences revealed that although there are no lineage-specific gene-disruptive mutations in the X-degenerate portion of the Y-chromosome fixed within humans, surprisingly, 4 genes, CYorf15B, TBL1Y, TMSB4Y, and USP9Y, are ...
A Chromosome Assay Method for the Detection of
A Chromosome Assay Method for the Detection of

... The tests for het gene location on linkage group VIII gave four positive results and one negative. It should be noted that this negative result and the previous inconsistent result, obtained with the linkage group I tests, have both involved strain RD6-21. It would seem likely that this strain has e ...
horiuchi - Genetics
horiuchi - Genetics

... transcription termination factor. They have shown that tsul affects both normal termination and mutational polarity. It is expected to suppress polarity caused by any type of mutation. If the lack of complementation between phoRc and phoB were the result of one of the mutations being polar, the intr ...
Profiling genes expressed in human fetal cartilage using 13,155
Profiling genes expressed in human fetal cartilage using 13,155

... genes were selected because they have relatively higher expression levels in a functional category (more than one EST copy). One notable feature is the profile of growth factors. Among them, insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) was the most abundant, with 24 EST copies (0.18%). Along with IGF-II, ...
Genetic mapping of Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae - Funpec-RP
Genetic mapping of Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae - Funpec-RP

... genitors, only five of the 35 primers (Lanaud et al., 1999; Risterucci et al., 2000) (mTcCIR 6, mTcCIR 8, mTcCIR 12, mTcCIR 13, and mTcCIR 60) were monomorphic for both genotypes (Pa 30 and Pa 169); 20 were polymorphic. The remaining 10 primers (mTcCIR 1, mTcCIR 7, mTcCIR 11, mTcCIR 17, mTcCIR 22, m ...
Apple polygalacturonase inhibiting protein1 expressed in transgenic tobacco
Apple polygalacturonase inhibiting protein1 expressed in transgenic tobacco

... that can effectively inhibit the fungal endo PGs (De Lorenzo et al., 2001), but no interaction occurs with fungal exo PGs and pectin lyases or endo PGs of bacterial or plant origin. PGIPs have been identified in various tissue types from a variety of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species ...
Synonymous Codon Usage, Accuracy of Translation, and Gene
Synonymous Codon Usage, Accuracy of Translation, and Gene

... these codons (Akashi 1994). In the rest of the text, the terms “accuracy of translation” and “fidelity of protein synthesis” include the three aspects of translation described above. The effect of translational errors on the function of the protein is not the same for all amino acids. Indeed, some ...
Identification and characterization of the ergochrome gene cluster in
Identification and characterization of the ergochrome gene cluster in

... in contrast to the OE TF cultures the color was more purple red (Fig. 6). The UV signal of clavorubin at 22.8 min in Fig.  9 highlights the considerable production of the red pigments in the OE PKS strain (Fig.  9b) compared to the wild type (Fig.  9a). The UV intensity indicates an approximately 10 ...
Case Study #5 - davis.k12.ut.us
Case Study #5 - davis.k12.ut.us

... than 1% of clotting Factor VIII (Hemophilia A) or Factor IX (Hemophilia B). Absence of either of these clotting factors causes a defect in the intrinsic clotting mechanism and the patient is unable to produce normal fibrin clots to stop bleeding. 2. The symptoms of Hemophilia include excessive bleed ...
Onset of lactation in the bovine mammary gland:
Onset of lactation in the bovine mammary gland:

... action of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin induce the proliferative phase of alveolar morphogenesis (Hovey et al. 2002; Neville et al. 2002; Tucker 2000). The mammary epithelial tissue expansion continues into early lactation (Anderson et al. 1981) and is important because the number of secreto ...
Cell differentiation during sexual development of the
Cell differentiation during sexual development of the

... is essential for ascospore wall formation (32). Another example concerns the P. anserina car1 gene, which encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein that is essential for peroxisomal assembly (3). car1 mutants show an impaired caryogamy leading to a sterile phenotype. From these data the link between in ...
Molecular Genetics of Alcohol-Related Brain Damage
Molecular Genetics of Alcohol-Related Brain Damage

... colleagues extensively studied the role of glutamate neurotoxicity triggered by thiamine deficiency. Their findings showed that the glutamate transporter (GLAST) gene is down regulated in astrocytes under conditions of thiamine deficiency by inducing increased phosphorylation of GLAST. These finding ...
Gene Regulation in Development and Evolution
Gene Regulation in Development and Evolution

... of an Intrinsic Polarity in the Cytoskeleton One strategy to establish differences between two genetically identical cells is to distribute a critical regulatory molecule asymmetrically during cell division, thereby ensuring that the daughter cells inherit different amounts of that regulator and thu ...
pdf file - Department of Statistics
pdf file - Department of Statistics

... significance of all 4096 possible hexamers, the null hypothesis being that the hexamer is not an ESE. A statistic was formed based on the location of the hexamers in 4817 human genes where the exon-intron structure has been well characterized. The end product is a p-value associated with each of th ...
Controlling morpholino experiments: don`t stop making antisense
Controlling morpholino experiments: don`t stop making antisense

... for antisense technologies for the study of animal development, focussing on controls for MO experiments, and we make recommendations about the use of these controls in zebrafish and frog embryos. These issues have been discussed elsewhere for RNAi experiments in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaste ...
The Genetics of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
The Genetics of Spinal Muscular Atrophy

... As SMA is an autosomal recessive disorder, individuals with this disease typically have inherited a faulty (mutant) SMN1 gene from each of their parents. The majority of mutations responsible for 5q-SMA are either deletions or gene conversions. See Figure 6. • A deletion involves partial or complete ...
Laboratory Report Guidelines and Rubric
Laboratory Report Guidelines and Rubric

... and AS2 of Arabidopsis” is too vague. The title needs to provide some indication about what you discovered about AS1 and AS2. The author’s name should also be clearly listed. Abstract Write this last! An abstract is a summary of the entire paper. The abstract should have the following brief statemen ...
Genetic data indicate that proteins containing the GGDEF domain
Genetic data indicate that proteins containing the GGDEF domain

... pYhcK £occulated heavily (Fig. 3B,C). Strong £uorescence was observed in and around these aggregates in the microscope after staining with Calco£uor (data not shown). Plasmid pYhcK caused the strongest aggregation in the liquid culture (Fig. 3C). These results support the data presented by Amikam an ...
HMG 9_9.book(ddd146.fm)
HMG 9_9.book(ddd146.fm)

... MECP2 gene identified in 30 unrelated RTT patients the presence of 17 different mutations mainly clustered in exon 3, and some of them appeared with multiple recurrences. Most of these mutations, which account for 65% of typical RTT cases, are novel and only five mutations have been described previo ...
Using Transgenic Technology to Characterize Regulatory Regions
Using Transgenic Technology to Characterize Regulatory Regions

... determine proper differentiation of tissues ...
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

... gene targets of known mouse microRNAs. (Protein-protein interactions could be supported within a year.) How can you find microRNAs that interact with or are predicted to interact with App, the amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein? 1. Go to the MGI App Gene Detail page. 2. Scroll down to the Interacti ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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