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The Title of the Article
The Title of the Article

... may be phrases of words separated by underscore characters, and finds all longest full matches against the dictionary in the text. The second finds the longest non-stopword phrases within the text. In both cases, stopwords are filtered out, using a stopword list consisting of common English words. F ...
How Do Environments Impinge Upon Genes?
How Do Environments Impinge Upon Genes?

... gifted for music is born into a talented family of musicians (for sake of argument, let’s gloss over the meaning of “genetically gifted for music”). She is surrounded by family members who practice and perform. Her home is filled with instruments, and music plays on the radio all day long. The girl ...
Gene Regulatory Network Discovery from Time-Series - kedri
Gene Regulatory Network Discovery from Time-Series - kedri

... they are systems controlling the fundamental mechanisms that govern biological systems. A single gene interacts with many other genes in the cell, inhibiting or promoting directly or indirectly, the expression of some of them at the same time. Gene interaction may control whether and how vigorously ...
Walk-thru of CAGE exercise
Walk-thru of CAGE exercise

... • At the tag _analysis web directoy, there is a wig file, mm9_brain.wig showing tags an RNA-seq experiment from mouse brains. Upload this to the browser and look at the two genes below – are they expressed, and how much? • Kcnc3 • Hoxa5 ...
Analysis of Monohybrid and Dyhybrid Crosses Lab
Analysis of Monohybrid and Dyhybrid Crosses Lab

... 3. Using Chi-square analysis, determine whether or not your data fit the expected phenotypic ratio. You should include: 1) null hypothesis, 2) all work in chi-square calculations and 3) do you reject or fail to reject your null hypothesis. ...
Know Before You Buy! Teacher Guide - Science Take-Out
Know Before You Buy! Teacher Guide - Science Take-Out

... involved in lactose metabolism.  Bacteria normally rely on glucose in their environment as a  food source.  However, if glucose is not available and lactose (a disaccharide) is present in  the environment, bacteria can survive by switching on the genes that allow them to use  lactose as a food sourc ...
Section 2: ß-Cell Genes: Functional Aspects
Section 2: ß-Cell Genes: Functional Aspects

... certain extent ␤-cell–specific, transcription both in vivo and in vitro. However, separately or in combination, these elements cannot faithfully recapitulate the expression of endogenous pdx-1, thus implicating that additional regulatory elements must be involved in this process. Mutations or deleti ...
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Document

... My observations agree in nearly all respects with those of H. and 0 . Tedin, but some details remain to be settled. A modest addition to their ...
Hemophilia
Hemophilia

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Mendel`s crosses - Uniwersytet otwarty UG
Mendel`s crosses - Uniwersytet otwarty UG

... expressed. This led to a debate about whether such cases could be explained by Mendelian inheritance or whether there might be another, separate mechanism of inheritance that did not follow the laws of segregation and independent assortment. Eventually, research showed that although phenotypes can b ...
Mendelian Inheritance
Mendelian Inheritance

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Inherited Traits - Delta Education
Inherited Traits - Delta Education

... Tell students that an adult human body contains about ten trillion cells. Ask students to write this number. (10 followed by 12 zeros). Now, tell students that human cells have 46 chromosomes. Ask them to calculate the total number of chromosomes in an adult human body. (10,000,000,000,000 cells × 4 ...
Social implications of gene therapy
Social implications of gene therapy

... a process for making the decision, and government agencies must demonstrate that the process is rational and fair (Bazelon, 1983). Wide public discussion and agreement on a process do not guarantee fair decisions or correct assessments of risk and benefit. Errors of judgment may occur even with unas ...
Problem set 8 answers
Problem set 8 answers

... 4. Animals homozygous for the sup-7 mutation die at 15o C. In 1981, Bob Waterston mutagenized sup-7/sup-7 hermaphodites, grew them at 25o C, and shifted the F2s to 15o C. Several strains were isolated that now could grow at 15o C. The suppressors of the sup-7 lethality were inseparable by recombinat ...
Simple and efficient method for isolating cDNA - Funpec-RP
Simple and efficient method for isolating cDNA - Funpec-RP

... composed of “AGETKAS” and “AGKDKTG”, respectively, are also conserved in the Gramineae. Therefore, it could be suggested that partial cDNA fragments of lea 3 genes even in all Gramineae plants could be amplified simply by PCR using the degenerate primers. Actually, based on these fragments, full-len ...
N8113S N8113S
N8113S N8113S

... A gene or open reading frame is inserted into a restriction site of the vector polylinker, in the same translational reading frame as the malE gene (encoding MBP). The fusion protein produced from the vector can be purified by amylose affinity chromatography. The sequence coding for the five amino a ...
Mutations - Duplin County Schools
Mutations - Duplin County Schools

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Medical Genetics
Medical Genetics

... Genes, which are carried on chromosomes, are the basic physical and functional units of heredity. Genes are specific sequences of bases that encode instructions on how to make proteins. ...
Subregional Localization of the Gene(s) Governing the Human
Subregional Localization of the Gene(s) Governing the Human

... the long arm of this chromosome, as previously reported by Borganker et al. 0974). The fact that this translocated portion contributed to a chromosome 2I dosage effect on the inducibility of the AVS by H I F in these cells indicates that the gene(s) for AVS is located within its limits. It is unlike ...
Practice exam (2012)
Practice exam (2012)

... enhancers 3 (15 pt) The diagram illustrates the expression patterns of an imprinted gene region in mammals. The insulin growth factor 2 (Igf2) gene is an imprinted gene. The paternal allele is expressed and the maternal allele is silenced. In mice, loss of Igf2 function leads to a small, but viable, ...
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... The expression pattern of the cyclin gene T.Therm_00189230 during conjugation was investigated in this study. RT-PCR analysis revealed that although the primers amplified well from the genomic DNA template, the primers failed to amplify the cDNA expressed at the collection time points during conjuga ...
are genes - Cloudfront.net
are genes - Cloudfront.net

... Different forms of a gene are written as capitol and lower case letters. Dominant alleles will be expressed if they are present. Violet (purple) flower color is dominant over white color. The allele for violet is written as P Recessive alleles are written with lower case letters. The allele for whi ...
1 Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression
1 Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression

...  Stems cells might be used to treat degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s.  Using stem cells to produce healthy tissue is called therapeutic cloning.  Stem cells could also be used to grow specific tissues to treat burns, heart attack damage, or replacement cartilage in joints. ...
Tox21 Phase III: The S1500 Genes High Throughput Transcriptomics Project Progress Report
Tox21 Phase III: The S1500 Genes High Throughput Transcriptomics Project Progress Report

... prioritization of environmentally responsive genes for use in screening large numbers of substances using toxicogenomic technologies. Workshop sponsored by DNTP & DERT of NIEHS with the following goals to: • Address the need for identifying environmentally responsive genes in humans, rats, mice, zeb ...
Keystone2011poster
Keystone2011poster

... The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of rRNA molecules demonstrated that all organisms could be placed on a single tree of life. Highly conserved, homologous 16S rRNA genes' presence in all organismal lineages makes them the only universal marker that has been adopted by biologist. Unfortunately ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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